User:Jmkuba/sandbox

Week 8: Evaluating an Article

"Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS" - Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS#cite note-Cohen2008-1

This article is rated as a C-Class article, despite also being rated as an article of Top Importance. This is unfortunate considering the great global importance of the awareness of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Despite the extensive amount of information presented in this article, it is presented in a quite disjointed way. Information is scattered, specifically in the introductory section, with minimal and outdated data appearing in places that should just be organized into their respective subsections. Another shortcoming of this article was the lack of background given on the actual virus/diagnosis, there is a short history stated at the bottom of the introduction section, but not even a brief mention of the mechanism of transmission, which is important in understanding the corresponding epidemiology.

Week 9: List of Potential Articles

Being very interested in goddesses and their role in different cultures' mythologies, I have found several articles about goddesses that could potentially be improved/expanded upon.

1) Kukurihime - one of the relatively few Japanese Shinto goddess, her Wikipedia article contains very little information regarding her character and only two citations.

2) Hina (goddess) - she is a quite important figure in Eastern Polynesian mythology, yet her article contains a sparse amount of information and few citations.

3) Rhea (mythology) - while this article is more developed than the other articles listed, there is still much expansion that can be done on such an important character and more citations that could be added.

4) Izanami - despite the fact that she is the Japanese goddess of creation and death, her Wikipedia page is less than a page long with only one source cited!

Week 10: Adding a Citation

"Incest and Rebirth in Kojiki"

Murakami suggests that Izanami and Izanagi, widely understood as brother and sister, had committed incest in their efforts of creation.

Week 12: Adding to an Article

Izanami (goddess)

Goddess of Creation

The first gods Kunitokotachi and Amenominakanushi summoned two divine beings into existence, the male Izanagi and the female Izanami, and charged them with creating the first land. To help them do this, Izanagi and Izanami were given a spear decorated with jewels, named Ame-no-nuboko (heavenly spear). The two deities then went to the bridge between heaven and earth, Ame-no-ukihashi ("floating bridge of heaven"), and churned the sea below with the spear. When drops of salty water fell from the spear, Onogoroshima ("self-forming island") was created. They descended from the bridge of heaven and made their home on the island.

Eventually they wished to be mated, so they built a pillar called Ame-no-mihashira ("pillar of heaven"; the mi- is an honorific prefix) and around it they built a palace called Yahiro-dono (one hiro is approximately 1.82 m, so the "eight-hiro-palace" would have been 14.56 m). Izanagi and Izanami circled the pillar in opposite directions and, when they met on the other side, Izanami spoke first in greeting. Izanagi did not think that this was proper, but they mated anyhow. They had two children, Hiruko ("leech-child"), who later came to be known in Shintoism as the god Ebisu, and Awashima ("faint island"), but they were born deformed and were not considered deities, but devils.

They put the children into a boat and set them out to sea, then petitioned the other gods for an answer as to what they did wrong. They were told that the male deity should have spoken first in greeting during the marriage ceremony. So Izanagi and Izanami went around the pillar again, this time Izanagi speaking first when they met, and their marriage was finally successful.

From their union were born the ōyashima, or the "great eight islands" of the Japanese chain:

• Awaji
• Iyo (later Shikoku)
• Ogi
• Tsukushi (later Kyūshū)
• Iki
• Tsushima
• Sado
• Yamato (later Honshū)

Note that Hokkaidō, Chishima and Okinawa were not part of Japan in ancient times.

They bore six more islands and many deities. Izanami perished from the fatal burns she received in giving birth to the child Kagu-tsuchi (incarnation of fire) or Ho-Musubi (causer of fire). She was then buried on Mt. Hiba, at the border of the old provinces of Izumo and Hōki, near modern-day Yasugi of Shimane Prefecture. Izanagi was so angry at the death of his wife that he killed the newborn child, thereby creating dozens of deities.

In the Kojiki

The Kojiki talks of the death of Izanami and her tomb, which was located at the boundary between country Izumo and Hōki. It implies that Izanami transferred her soul to an animal and a human before her death, but does not state whether or not Izanami had incarnations.

Death and the Underworld

Izanagi-no-Mikoto lamented the death of Izanami-no-Mikoto and undertook a journey to Yomi ("the shadowy land of the dead"). He searched for Izanami-no-Mikoto and found her. At first, Izanagi-no-Mikoto could not see her for the shadows hid her appearance. He asked her to return with him. Izanami-no-Mikoto informed Izanagi-no-Mikoto that he was too late. She had already eaten the food of the underworld and was now one with the land of the dead. She could no longer return to the living but would try to ask for permission to leave.

The news shocked Izanagi-no-Mikoto, but he refused to leave her in Yomi. While Izanami-no-Mikoto was sleeping, he took the comb that bound his long hair and set it alight as a torch. Under the sudden burst of light, he saw the horrid form of the once beautiful and graceful Izanami-no-Mikoto. She was now a rotting form of flesh with maggots and foul creatures running over her ravaged body.

Crying out loud, Izanagi-no-Mikoto could no longer control his fear and started to run, intending to return to the living and abandon his death-ridden wife. Izanami-no-Mikoto woke up, shrieking and indignant, and chased after him. She also sent Yakusa-no-ikazuchi-no-kami (Raijin) and shikome (foul women) to hunt for Izanagi-no-Mikoto and bring him back to Yomi.

Izanagi-no-Mikoto burst out of the entrance and pushed a boulder in the mouth of the Yomotsuhirasaka (黄泉津平坂; cavern that was the entrance of Yomi) to create a separation between the world of the living and the world of the dead, as well as separating Izanagi from Izanami. Izanami-no-Mikoto screamed from behind this impenetrable barricade and told Izanagi-no-Mikoto that if he left her she would destroy 1,000 residents of the living every day. He furiously replied he would give life to 1,500 residents.

Izanagi is said to have performed ritualistic cleansing, harai, after witnessing the decomposing body of his wife. This is the traditional explanation for the purification rituals often performed at Shinto shrines in Japanese religion, where shrine-goers wash themselves with water before entering the sacred space. While he bathed, Izanagi gave birth to the sun goddess, Amaterasu, from his left eye, the moon goddess, Tsukiyomi, from his right eye, and the storm goddess, Susanoo, from his nose.

In the Nihonshoki

While similar in many aspects, the version of the tale of Izanagi and Izanami in the Nihonshoki differs from the Kojiki version in that Izanagi does not descend into the Underworld (Yomi), instead residing permanently on the island of Awaji in a temple. Additionally, in the Nihonshoki, the three deities Amaterasu, Tsukiyomi, and Susanoo were said to have been created by both Izanagi and Izanami, instead of Izangi alone.