The Beggar Student (1940 novel)
| Author | Osamu Dazai |
|---|---|
| Original title | 乞食学生 |
| Language | Japanese |
| Genre | Novella |
| Publisher | Wakakusa |
Publication date | July 1940 |
| Publication place | Japan |
The Beggar Student (乞食学生, Kojiki Gakusei) is a 1940 Japanese novella by Osamu Dazai. Set in Tokyo during WWII, the story stars a fictionalized version of the author who is roused from his depression by a high school dropout named Saeki and convinced to take his place as the live narrator for a silent film. Sharing a title with an 1882 operetta by Carl Millöcker, the book makes frequent reference to classic European literature and touches upon aspects of early twentieth-century cinema.
Summary
[edit]A depressive thirty-something writer named Osamu Dazai, based loosely on the author, is walking on the banks of the Tamagawa Aqueduct in Mitaka when he hears somebody drowning in the water. Running blindly to the rescue, he trips over the swimmer, who has come safely ashore and is sunbathing in the nude. The annoyed boy, Saeki, grills Dazai on his knowledge of great thinkers and concludes that all writers must be dumb.
Trying to reclaim his dignity, Dazai treats Saeki to a meal of oyakodon rice in a teahouse by Inokashira Pond. Through reverse psychology, Saeki convinces Dazai to trade places with him that night as the benshi for a silent film about springtime in Hokkaido. Since Saeki has already pawned his uniform, the two head to Shibuya to visit Saeki's former classmate Kumamoto, an uptight boy who has a habit of pretending to have read great works of literature he barely knows. After the writer changes into one of Kumamoto's ill-fitting uniforms, tension grows between the two young friends, who bicker and trade insults in attempts to come across as smart.
On their way to the film, Saeki pulls a knife on Dazai, who diffuses the situation by spending all his money on beers for the boys. Kumamoto is uneasy, and Saeki becomes morose, but Dazai launches into a drunk lecture about the importance of speaking from the heart. Saeki then admits he has been lying about the silent movie this whole time, though Dazai instantly forgives him. When they hit the streets, Dazai sings an old German drinking song so loudly he is stopped by a cop, who asks the boys where they go to school.
Dazai then wakes up on the grass by the aqueduct to the sound of Saeki's voice. This time, however, Saeki is dressed in a college student's uniform and shiny shoes. He claims to not be named Saeki or know Kumamoto or have any clue what Dazai is talking about. Perplexed, the writer returns to the teahouse, where he nurses a bottle of Calpis and mulls over the lessons of the misadventure.
Literary allusions
[edit]The Beggar Student opens with an epigraph from François Villon and contains several quotations from Villon's collection Le Testament, which Dazai is thought to have adapted from Teruo Sato's 1940 translations of Villon.[1] The book also references Goethe's Faust and Three Tales by Gustave Flaubert, as well as a song from the 1901 play Old Heidelberg.
The "beggar student" of the title refers to Saeki, a boy of modest means whose school expenses have been paid for by a wealthy politician named Hayama.[2]: 81 Critics have speculated that Dazai borrowed the title from a 1936 film adaptation of the Millöcker play, based on the fact that the film was released and reviewed widely in Japan in 1938, including a prominent review in the literary magazine Wakakusa where the novella was first serialized[2]: 82 and where Dazai published a total of ten works over a six-year period surrounding the release of the film.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Yamashiki, Kazuo (April 1972). "Villon tsuma ron" ヴィヨンの妻論 [On Villon's Wife]. Hihyō to Kenkyū Dazai Osamu (in Japanese). Kaga Shoten: 297.
Dazai ga Villon wo gengo de yometa hazu ha naku...osoraku Satō Teruo yaku Dai yuigonsho'(Shōwa 15 nen 3 gatsu, kōbundōshobō, sekai bunko) de yonda node ha nai ka.
太宰がヴィヨンを原語でよめた筈はなく...おそらく佐藤輝夫訳「大遺言書」（昭和十五年三月、弘文堂書房、世界文庫）でよんだのではないか [It's unlikely Dazai would have been able to read Villon in the original [Middle French]...so it's safe to assume he read Teruo Sato's translation of Le Testament published in March 1940 by Kobundo Shobo in the Sekai Bunko edition.] - ^ a b O'Brien, James (1975). Bowman, Sylvia E.; Teele, Roy E. (eds.). Dazai Osamu. Twayne's World Author Series. Vol. TWAS 348. Twayne Publishers. pp. 80–82, 86, 105.
- ^ Katagi, Akiko (15 March 2022). "Dazai Osamu "Kojiki Gakusei ron: Taitoru meimei wo meguru ichikōsatsu" 太宰治「乞食学生」論 ― タイトル命名をめぐる一考察 [Dazai Osamu's "The Beggar Student" Revisited: On the Naming of the Title]. Journal of the Graduate School of Humanities (in Japanese) (28). Japan Women's University: 17–24. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
Honkō ha, sakuhin happyō no ninenmae ni dōmei no eiga 'kojikigakusei' ga Nihon de kōkai sa rete iru ten ni chakugan shi, kono eiga to no kanren wo miidashinagara, honsaku no taitoruga 'kojikigakusei'dearu koto no dōjidaitekina imi wo shimesou to suru monodearu.
本稿は、作品発表の二年前に同名の映画「乞食学生」が日本で公開されている点に着眼し、この映画との関連を見出しながら、本作のタイトルが「乞食学生」であることの同時代的な意味を示そうとするものである。 [Starting from the fact that a film adapatation of The Beggar Student was released in Japan two years before Dazai's work, this article touches upon commonalities between the novella and the movie while exploring what the title would have meant at the time it was released.]
External links
[edit]- Full text at Aozora Bunko (in Japanese)
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