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List of works by Caspar David Friedrich

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Gerhard von Kügelgen, Portrait of Caspar David Friedrich (c. 1810–1820)

This is an incomplete list of works by the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840) by completion date where known. Friedrich was a prolific artist who produced over 500 attributed works; however, he is generally known for only a small number of works seen as emblems of Romanticism.[1]

In line with Romantic ideals of the time, Friedrich intended that his paintings would function visually only, and thus he was cautious that the titles given to his work were not overly descriptive or evocative. It is likely that some of today's relatively literal titles, such as The Stages of Life, were not given by the artist himself, but were instead adopted during one of the revivals of interest in the artist during the late 19th or early 20th century.[2]

Complications arise when dating Friedrich's work, mainly because he often did not directly name or date his canvases. However, he kept a carefully detailed notebook on his output, which has been used by scholars to tie paintings to their completion dates.[1]

Paintings

[edit]
Painting Name Painting Year Method Size City Gallery Notes
Landscape with Temple in Ruin (in French)
1797 Oil on canvas
Wreck in the Ice-sea (in French)
1798 Oil on canvas 31.4 x 23.6 cm Houston Museum of Fine Arts
View of Arkona with moon rising  [Wikidata]
1803 Pencil and brush (sepia ink) Vienna Albertina
West Facade of the Eldena Ruins  [Wikidata]
1806 Oil on canvas Angers Musée des Beaux-Arts
Seashore with Fisherman  [Wikidata]
c. 1807 Oil on canvas 33.5 x 51 cm Vienna Belvedere
The Summer (in French)
1807 Oil on canvas 71.4 x 103.6 cm Munich Neue Pinakothek
Dolmen in the Snow
1807 Oil on canvas 61.5 x 80 cm Melbourne National Gallery of Victoria
Sea beach in the fog  [Wikidata]
1807 Oil on canvas 34.5 x 52 cm Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum
Cross in the Mountains
1808 Oil on canvas 115 x 110 cm Chicago Art Institute of Chicago [3]
Portrait of an older man  [Wikidata]
1808 to 1810 Oil on canvas 51.7 x 42.4 cm Hanover Lower Saxony State Museum
Morning mist in the Mountains  [Wikidata]
1808 Oil on canvas 71 x 104 cm Rudolstadt Heidecksburg
The Feldstein near Rathen  [Wikidata]
1808 Oil on canvas Nuremberg Germanisches Nationalmuseum
Monk in the snow  [Wikidata]
1808 Oil on canvas Mannheim Kunsthalle Mannheim
The Monk by the Sea
1809 Oil on canvas 115 x 110 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
The Abbey in the Oakwood
1809 to 1810 Oil on canvas 110 x 171 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie [4]
Giant Mountains Landscape with Rising Fog  [Wikidata]
1809 to 1810 Oil on canvas 54.9 x 70.4 cm Munich Neue Pinakothek
Mountain Landscape with Rainbow
1810 Oil on canvas 70 x 102 cm Essen Museum Folkwang
Bohemian Landscape with Mount Milleschauer (in French)
1808 Oil on canvas 70 x 104 cm Dresden Galerie Neue Meister
Morning on the Riesengebirge
1810 to 1811 Oil on canvas 108 x 170 cm Sydney Art Gallery of New South Wales
Landscape with Rainbow (Friedrich)  [Wikidata]
c. 1810 Oil on canvas 59 x 84.5 cm Düsseldorf Museum Kunst Palast
Winter Landscape with church  [Wikidata]
1811 Oil on canvas 32 x 45 cm London National Gallery
Winter Landscape (in French)
1811 Oil on canvas 32.5 x 45 cm Buenos Aires National Museum of Fine Arts [5]
Winter Landscape with Church  [Wikidata]
1811 Oil on canvas 33 x 45 cm Dayton Dayton Art Institute
Harbor by Moonlight
1811 Oil on canvas 24 x 36.5 cm Milwaukee Milwaukee Art Museum
Landscape with Oak Trees and a Hunter
1811 Oil on canvas 32 x 44.5 cm Stanford Cantor Arts Center
Rocks in the Harz mountain (in French)
1811 Oil on canvas 32 x 45 cm Dresden Galerie Neue Meister
Cross and cathedral in the mountains (in French)
1812 Oil on canvas 45 x 37 cm Raleigh North Carolina Museum of Art [6]
The Tombs of the Old Heroes
1812 Oil on canvas 49.5 × 70.5 cm Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
Cross in the Mountains (Friedrich)  [Wikidata]
1813 Oil on canvas 42 x 32 cm Stuttgart Staatsgalerie Stuttgart Inv. Nr. L 569
The Chasseur in the Forest (in Italian)
1814 Oil on canvas 66 x 47 cm Private collection
Cross in the Mountains (in French)
1822 Oil on canvas 71.7 x 128 cm Gotha Friedenstein Palace
The Cross beside the Baltic  [Wikidata]
1815 Oil on canvas 45 x 33.5 cm Potsdam Sanssouci Palace [7]
Sailing Ship (Friedrich)  [Wikidata]
1815 Oil on canvas 72.3 x 51 cm Chemnitz Art Collection Chemnitz (in German) Inv. n. 215
View of a Harbour (in Swedish)
1815 to 1816 Oil on canvas 90 x 71 cm Stockholm Nationalmuseum
Greifswald in Moonlight (in Swedish)
1816 to 1817 Oil on canvas 22.5 x 30.5 cm Oslo National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design
Two Men by the Sea
1817 Oil on canvas 51 x 66 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Media related to Coastline in the evening light at Wikimedia Commons
1816 to 1818 Oil on canvas 22 x 31 cm Lübeck Behnhaus [8]
City at Moonrise
c. 1817 Oil on canvas 45 x 33 cm Madrid Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
Neubrandenburg in the Morning Mist
c. 1817 Oil on canvas 91 x 72 cm Montreal Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
1817 to 1818 Oil on canvas 94.8 x 74.8 cm Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle [9]
The Cathedral (Friedrich)  [Wikidata]
1818 Oil on canvas 70 x 152 cm Schweinfurt Museum Georg Schäfer
The Gazebo
1818 Oil on canvas 30.0 x 21.5 cm Munich Neue Pinakothek Inv.-Nr. FV 10
Chalk Cliffs on Rügen
c. 1818 Oil on canvas 90.5 x 71 cm Winterthur Reinhart Collection [10]
Woman on the Beach of Rügen  [Wikidata]
c. 1818 Oil on canvas San Antonio San Antonio Museum of Art
Woman before the Setting Sun (in German)
1818 to 1820 Oil on canvas 22 x 30 cm Essen Museum Folkwang [11]
The Port of Greifswald
1818 to 1820 Oil on canvas 90 x 70 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie [12]
On the Sailing Boat
c. 1819 Oil on canvas 71 x 56 cm Minneapolis Minneapolis Institute of Art
Monastery Burial-Ground Under Snow  [Wikidata]
1819 Oil on canvas Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
Dolmen in the Fall (in French)
c. 1820 Dresden Galerie Neue Meister
Swans in the Reeds  [Wikidata]
1819 to 1820 Oil on canvas 38 x 44 cm Frankfurt Freies Deutsches Hochstift
Two Men Contemplating the Moon
1819 to 1820 Oil on canvas 35 x 44 cm Dresden Galerie Neue Meister [13]
Port of Greifswald  [Wikidata]
c. 1810 to 1820 Oil on canvas 94 x 74 cm Cologne Wallraf-Richartz Museum
Oak in the Snow
1820 Oil on canvas 44 x 34.5 cm Toronto Art Gallery of Ontario
River Bank in Fog
1821 Oil on canvas 22 x 33.5 cm Cologne Wallraf-Richartz Museum
Night in a Harbour  [Wikidata]
c. 1820 Oil on canvas 74 x 52 cm Pittsburgh Carnegie Museum of Art [14]
Drifting Clouds (Friedrich)  [Wikidata]
c. 1820 Oil on canvas 18.3 x 24.5 cm Williamstown Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute
Evening
c. 1820 to 1821 Oil on canvas 22 x 30.5 cm Hannover Lower Saxony State Museum
The Morning (Friedrich)  [Wikidata]
c. 1820 to 1821 Oil on canvas 22 x 30.5 cm Hannover Lower Saxony State Museum
View of the Baltic  [Wikidata]
1820 to 1825 Oil on canvas 34.5 x 44 cm Los Angeles Getty Center
Fog in the Elbe Valley  [Wikidata]
1821 Oil on canvas 33 x 43 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Moonrise by the Sea
c.1821 Oil on canvas 135 x 170 cm Saint Petersburg Hermitage Museum
Morning in the Mountains (in French)
1822 to 1823 Oil on canvas 135 x 170 cm West Palm Beach Norton Museum of Art
The Tree of Crows
c. 1822 Oil on canvas 59 x 73 cm Paris Musée du Louvre
The Lonely Tree
1822 Oil on canvas 55 x 71 cm Phoenix Phoenix Art Museum
Moonrise Over the Sea
1822 Oil on canvas 55 x 71 cm Munich Neue Pinakothek
Meadows near Greifswald  [Wikidata]
c. 1822 Oil on canvas 34.5 x 48.3 cm Pasadena Norton Simon Museum
Woman at a Window
1822 Oil on canvas 44 x 37 cm Moscow Pushkin Museum
Rocky ravine in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains  [Wikidata]
1822 to 1823 Oil on canvas 94 x 74 cm Vienna Belvedere
Ruins of Eldena, near Greifswald  [Wikidata]
1825 Oil on canvas 35 x 49 cm Dallas Dallas Museum of Art Inv. Nr. A II 574
The Sea of Ice
1824 Oil on canvas 96.7 x 126.9 cm Cologne Wallraf-Richartz Museum
Hill and Ploughed Field near Dresden  [Wikidata]
1824 Oil on canvas 22.2 x 30.5 cm Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon
c. 1824 Oil on canvas 34 x 44 cm Worcester Worcester Art Museum
Evening with Clouds
Oct 1824 Oil on canvas 20 x 27.5 cm Richmond Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
Reefs by the Seashore  [Wikidata]
c. 1824 Oil on canvas 22 x 31 cm Hartford Wadsworth Atheneum
Trees and Bushes in the Snow (in French)
c. 1825 Oil on canvas 31 x 25.5 cm Dresden Galerie Neue Meister
The Cemetery Entrance (in French)
1825 Oil on canvas 143 x 110 cm São Paulo São Paulo Museum of Art
The Cemetery Gate  [Wikidata]
1825 to 1830 Oil on canvas 31 x 25 cm Denver Denver Art Museum
Seashore by Moonlight  [Wikidata]
1825 to 1830 Oil on canvas 77 x 97 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
The Watzmann
1824 to 1825 Oil on canvas 135 x 170 cm Basel Kunstmuseum Basel
Graveyard under Snow  [Wikidata]
1826 Oil on canvas 31 x 25 cm Ottawa National Gallery of Canada
The Oaktree in the Snow  [Wikidata]
1829 Oil on canvas 71 x 48 cm Oxford Ashmolean Museum
Ships in Harbour, Evening
c. 1828 Oil on canvas 76.5 x 88.2 cm Kansas City Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
The Evergreens by the Waterfall  [Wikidata]
1828 Oil on canvas 44.2 x 34.8 cm Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
The Temple of Juno in Agrigento
c. 1828 to 1830 Oil on canvas 53.3 x 71.5 cm Dortmund Museum am Ostwall Inv. Nr. C 5022
Easter Morning
c. 1828 to 1835 Oil on canvas 43.7 x 34.4 cm Madrid Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum Inv. Nr. 792 (1973.24)
Evening Landscape with Two Men
1830 to 1835 Oil on canvas 25 x 31 cm Dortmund Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte
Memories of the Giant Mountains  [Wikidata]
1830 to 1835 Oil on canvas 72 x 102 cm Tokyo National Museum of Western Art
The Great Enclosure
c. 1832 Oil on canvas 73.5 x 102.5 cm Omaha Joslyn Art Museum
Neubrandenburg Burning
c. 1835 Oil on canvas 72 x 101 cm Griefswald Pomeranian State Museum [15]
Wreck in the Moonlight  [Wikidata]
c. 1835 Oil on canvas 31.3 x 42.5 cm Indianapolis Indianapolis Museum of Art
The Stages of Life
1835 Oil on canvas 72.5 x 94 cm Leipzig Museum der bildenden Künste
Landscape with the Rosenberg in the Bohemian Mountains  [Wikidata]
c. 1835 Oil on canvas 34.9 x 48.5 cm Frankfurt Städel Inv. Nr. 1821
Sea Shore in Moonlight  [Wikidata]
1835 Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
Forest in late autumn  [Wikidata]
1835 Oil on canvas 35 x 44 cm Erfurt Angermuseum Inv. Nr. 3626
Giant Mountains (Friedrich)  [Wikidata]
c. 1830 to 1835 Oil on canvas 72 x 102 cm San Diego San Diego Museum of Art
The Dreamer (in French)
1820 to 1840 Oil on canvas 27 x 21 cm Saint Petersburg Hermitage Museum

Drawings, watercolours, and prints

[edit]
Artwork Name
German name Year Technique Dimensions City Gallery Notes
Schriftblatt: Gott hat selbst in unsere Schmerzen December 1, 1788 Pen, ink and watercolour 207 x 329 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Female Nude in the Style of Johann Daniel Preißler Weiblicher Akt nach Preißler 1790-1794 Pencil 321 x 201 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Die Luisen-Quelle in Frederiksdahl 1797 Pen, ink and watercolour 289 x 244 mm Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
Die Frederiksberger Quelle bei Kopenhagen I July 9, 1797 Brown ink and watercolour 217 x 168 mm Dresden Kupferstich-Kabinett
Landscape with Pavilion Landschaft mit Pavillon c. 1797 Pen, ink and watercolour 167 x 217 mm Amsterdam Rijksmuseum [16]
Landscape in the Giant Mountains Landschaft im Riesengebirge 1798 Watercolor over pencil Kiev Khanenko Museum
Fishing Boat Fischerboot 1798 Pencil 103 x 168 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Tree, Ship, and Nets Baum, Boot, Netze c. 1798 Pencil 150 x 165 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Studie eines sitzendes Jünglings May 7, 1798 Pen, ink and watercolour 289 x 244 mm Prague National Gallery in Prague
Portrait of the Pastor and Poet Ernst Theodor Johann Brûckner Bildnis des Pastors und Dichters Ernst Theodor Johann Brûckner c. 1798 Black chalk 251 x 199 mm Berlin Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Self-Portrait Selbstportrait 1800 Black chalk 420 x 276 mm Copenhagen Statens Museum for Kunst [17]
Mother Heiden Mutter Heiden 1798–1802 Black chalk 420 x 276 mm Greifswald Pommersches Landesmuseum [18]
Portrait of Adolph Gottlieb Friedrich Bildnis des Vaters Adolph Gottlieb Friedrich c. 1798-1802 Black chalk 250 x 205 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Scene from Schiller's "The Robbers" Szene aus Schillers "Die Räuber" 1800–01 Pen and sepia 203 x 263 mm Greifswald Pommersches Landesmuseum
Self-Portrait with Cap and Sighting Eye-Shield Selbstportrait mit Mütze und Augenklappe 1802 Pencil, brush and ink 175 x 105 mm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg [19]
Hiker at the Milestone Wanderer am Grenzstein 1802 Sepia
Adolf Gottlieb Friedrich, Reading Adolf Gottlieb Friedrich, lesend 1802 Black chalk 346 x 320 mm Mannheim Kunsthalle Mannheim
The Woman with the spider's web between bare trunks Die Frau mit dem Spinnennetz zwischen unbelaubten Baumstümpfen 1803 Woodcut; block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian 171 x 119 mm Various (block in Hamburg Kunsthalle) [20]
Woman with a Raven at an Abyss Die Frau mit dem Raben am Abgrund 1803-04 Woodcut; block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian 171 x 119 mm Various museums, including Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York [20]
Boy sleeping on a grave Knabe auf einem Grab schlafend 1803-04 Woodcut; block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian 78 x 124 mm Various museums, including Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Pilgrimage at Sunset (Sunrise) Pilgerreise im Sonnenuntergang (Sonnenaufgang) 1805 Sepia 405 x 620 mm Weimar Staatliche Kunstsammlungen
View from the Painter's Studio Blick aus dem Maleratelier 1805-06 Sepia Bremen Kunsthalle Bremen
Ruins of Eldena Klosterruine Eldena 1806 Watercolor and ink Philadelphia Barnes Foundation
Cross in the Mountains Kreuz in den Bergen 1805-06 Pencil and sepia 640 x 931 mm New Haven, Connecticut Yale University Art Gallery
Giant Grave by the Sea Riesengruft am Meer 1806-07 Pen, brush and sepia over graphite 645 x 950 mm Karlsruhe Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
Self-Portrait Selbstprotrait 1810 Black chalk 228 x 182 mm Berlin Kupferstichkabinett (Print room) at Kulturforum, Staatliche Museen [9]
Window Looking over the Park Fenster mit Blick über den Park c.1810-11 Sepia and pencil 39.8x30.5 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
The Marketplace in Greifswald Der Marktplatz in Greifswald 1818 Pencil, ink and watercolour
View of Greifswald from the East Blick auf Greifswald vom Osten 1818 Watercolour
The Ruins of Eldena Die Ruinen von Eldena c. 1825 Pencil, ink and watercolour 178 x 229 mm Private collection [21]
Chalk Cliffs on Rügen

(Watercolour)

Kreidefelsen auf Rügen (Wasserfarben) 1824-1826 Watercolour 25 x 32 cm
The Rock Gates in Neurathen Die Felsentore in Neurathen c.1826-1828 Watercolor over pencil 27.9x24.5 cm. St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Ruins of Teplitz Castle Ruinen der Teplitz-Burg 1828 Pencil, ink and watercolour
Cave in the Harz Mountains Höhle im Harzgebirge 1830s sepia drawing on paper 22.3 x 30.5 cm Copenhagen HM The Queen's Reference Library, The Royal Danish Collection
Mountainous River Landscape (Night Version) Von Bergen umgebene Flusslandschaft (Nachtversion) 1830-1835 Mixed media on transparent paper 77 x 127 cm London British Museum
Mountainous River Landscape (Day Version) Von Bergen umgebene Flusslandschaft (Tagesversion) 1830-1835 Mixed media on transparent paper 77 x 127 cm London British Museum [22]
Two Young Men on the Sea Shore by the Rising Moon Zwei junge Männer am Strand bei aufgehendem Mond 1835 Sepia
Vulture on a Spade Geier auf Spaten 1835 Sepia Used as a concept cover art of the 2024 album Vultures, by Kanye West and Ty Dolla Sign[23]
Moonrise Mondaufgang c.1835-1837 Sepia and pencil 24.5x34.5 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Owl in a Gothic Window Eule im Gotischen Fenster c.1836 Sepia and pencil 37.8x25.6 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Landscape with Grave, Coffin and Owl Landschaft mit Grab, Sarg und Eule 1836-37 Sepia over pencil 385 x 383 mm Leipzig Museum der bildenden Künste [24]
Owl upon the Grave Marker Eule auf Grabkreuz 1836-37 Sepia over pencil Moscow Pushkin Museum
Owl Flying against a Moonlit Sky Eule, die gen mondbeschienenen Himmel fliegt 1836-37 Sepia over pencil 27.9x24.4 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Boat on the Shore, Moonrise Boot am Ufer, Mondaufgang 1837-1839 Sepia over pencil 24.4x41.6 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage

Paintings after Friedrich

[edit]
Artwork Name Artist Year Technique Dimensions City Gallery Notes
Portrait of Caspar David Friedrich Anonymous 1810s Oil on canvas 67x52.4 cm Kassel Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel
Village Landscape in the Morning Light Anonymous 19th century Oil on canvas 60x71 cm Odesa Odesa Museum of Western and Eastern Art copy from Caspar David Friedrich

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Siegel, 3
  2. ^ "caspar david friedrich inventing romanticism Archived 2008-12-08 at the Wayback Machine". designboom.com. Retrieved on October 21, 2008.
  3. ^ Wolf, 28
  4. ^ Vaughan, 122
  5. ^ "Malerei des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts". Archived from the original on 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  6. ^ Vaughan, 86
  7. ^ Vaughan, 124
  8. ^ "Küstenlandschaft im Abendlicht".
  9. ^ a b Vaughan, 94
  10. ^ Wolf, 52
  11. ^ "A German Dream: Masterpieces of Romanticism from the Nationalgalerie Berlin Archived 2010-03-04 at the Wayback Machine". National Gallery of Ireland, September 2004. Retrieved on 21 November 2008.
  12. ^ Vaughan, 162
  13. ^ Siege, 102
  14. ^ Vaughan, 115
  15. ^ Vaughan, 301
  16. ^ Vaughan, 32
  17. ^ Vaughan, 37
  18. ^ Wolf, 94
  19. ^ Vaughan, 50
  20. ^ a b Griffiths, Antony and Carey, Francis; German Printmaking in the Age of Goethe, p. 206, 1994, British Museum Press, ISBN 0-7141-1659-9
  21. ^ Vaughan, 191
  22. ^ Vaughan, 271
  23. ^ Blake, Cole (2023-12-12). "Kanye West & Ty Dolla Sign's 'Vultures' Artwork Traced To 19th Century Painter Caspar David Friedrich". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  24. ^ Siegel, 131

Sources

[edit]
  • Siegel, Linda. Caspar David Friedrich and the Age of German Romanticism. Branden Publishing Co, 1978. ISBN 0-8283-1659-7.
  • Vaughan, William. Friedrich. London: Phaidon Press, 2004. ISBN 0-7148-4060-2.
  • Wolf, Norbert. Friedrich. Cologne: Taschen, 2003. ISBN 3-8228-2293-0.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caspar David Friedrich.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Caspar David Friedrich.


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