Kundaram Formation

Kundaram Formation
Kundaram Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lopingian; ~259–252 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Lower and Upper Units
Underlies	Kamthi Formation
Overlies	Barakar Formation
Thickness	250–400 m
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone, Sandstone
Other	Shale
Location
Coordinates	19°04′18″N 79°29′28″E / 19.071556°N 79.491173°E
Region	Telangana
Country	India
Extent	Pranhita–Godavari Basin
	Kundaram Formation (India)

The Kundaram Formation is a geological formation in India, located within the Pranhita–Godavari Basin. The unit is between 250–400 metres thick and at its base consists of sandstone-mudstone alterations, followed by a sequence dominated by red mudstone with infrequent sandstone lens beds, with minor ferruginous shale within the sandstones. It was deposited in fluvial conditions. It is considered to be Late Permian in age. An abundant terrestrial fauna is known from nodules found near the village of Golleti in the Adilabad district of Telangana, the only such fauna known from the Permian of India.^[1] The fauna found includes the dicynodonts Endothiodon, Dicynodontoides, Pristerodon and Sauroscaptor,^[2] as well the small captorhinid Indosauriscus^[3] and an indeterminate medium-sized gorgonopsid.^[2]

Paleobiota

Synapsids

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes
Endothiodon	E. mahalanobisi	Telangana	Numerous almost complete specimens	A dicynodont.
Endothiodon	E. bathystoma	Telangana	Numerous almost complete specimens	A dicynodont.
Dicynodontoides	sp.	Telangana	ISI R 217	A dicynodont.
Sauroscaptor	S. tharavati	Telangana		A dicynodont.
Pristerodon	P. mackayi	Telangana		A dicynodont.
?Oudenodon	sp.	Telangana		A dicynodont
Gorgonopsia	Indeterminate	Telangana		A gorgonopsid.

Reptiles

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Indosauriscus	Indeterminate	Telangana		A captorhinid reptile.

References

^ Ray, Sanghamitra; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (March 2003). "Late Permian vertebrate community of the Pranhita–Godavari valley, India". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 21 (6): 643–654. Bibcode:2003JAESc..21..643R. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00050-0.
^ ^a ^b Kammerer, Christian F.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (November 2016). Angielczyk, Kenneth (ed.). "A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian Kundaram Formation of India". Papers in Palaeontology. 2 (4): 569–584. Bibcode:2016PPal....2..569K. doi:10.1002/spp2.1055. S2CID 88833541.
^ Reisz, Robert R.; Chatterjee, Sankar; Modesto, Sean P. (2024-11-14). "A new moradisaurine captorhinid reptile (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the upper Permian of India". PeerJ. 12: e18394. doi:10.7717/peerj.18394. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11569782.

[1] Ray, Sanghamitra; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (March 2003). "Late Permian vertebrate community of the Pranhita–Godavari valley, India". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 21 (6): 643–654. Bibcode:2003JAESc..21..643R. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00050-0.

[:0-2] Kammerer, Christian F.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (November 2016). Angielczyk, Kenneth (ed.). "A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian Kundaram Formation of India". Papers in Palaeontology. 2 (4): 569–584. Bibcode:2016PPal....2..569K. doi:10.1002/spp2.1055. S2CID 88833541.

[3] Reisz, Robert R.; Chatterjee, Sankar; Modesto, Sean P. (2024-11-14). "A new moradisaurine captorhinid reptile (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the upper Permian of India". PeerJ. 12: e18394. doi:10.7717/peerj.18394. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11569782.

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