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Church of St Giles, Stoke Poges

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Coordinates: 51°32′06″N 0°35′42″W / 51.535°N 0.595°W / 51.535; -0.595
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Church of St Giles
A stone church with a Gothic tower
St. Giles, Stoke Poges
Church of St Giles is located in Buckinghamshire
Church of St Giles
Church of St Giles
Location in Buckinghamshire
51°32′06″N 0°35′42″W / 51.535°N 0.595°W / 51.535; -0.595
LocationStoke Poges, Buckinghamshire
CountryEngland
DenominationChurch of England
Website[1]
History
DedicationSaint Giles
Associated peopleRev. Natasha Brady
Architecture
Functional statusChurch of England parish church
Heritage designationGrade I
Designated23 September 1955
Architectural typeChurch

St Giles' Church is an active parish church in the village of Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, England. A Grade I listed building, it stands in the grounds of Stoke Park, a late-Georgian mansion built by John Penn. It is famous as the apparent inspiration for Thomas Gray's poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard; Gray is buried in the churchyard.

History and architecture

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The origins of the church are Anglo-Saxon and Norman.[1] The tower dates from the 13th century.[2] The adjacent Hastings chapel was constructed in 1558 by Edward Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings of Loughborough, owner of the manor of Stoke Poges, who also undertook a substantial enlargement of the neighbouring manor house.[3][4]

St Giles comprises a "battlemented" tower,[5] a nave, a chancel and the Hastings Chapel.[3] The church is built mainly of flint and chalk stone, with tiled roofs.[6] The exception is the Hastings Chapel which is constructed of red brick.[3] The style of the chapel is later than the Gothic of the church; Simon Jenkins, the writer and former chairman of the National Trust, describes it as "Tudor".[5] The church has extensions to either side, a vestry of the early 20th century, and an entrance and vestibule installed in the Victorian period to provide private access to the church for the owners of the adjacent manor house.[7] Elizabeth Williamson, in the 2003 revised edition, Buckinghamshire, of the Pevsner Buildings of England series, considered the Victorian porch an "excrescence".

Ground floor plan of St Giles' church, between 1840s and 1940s

During the Victorian era, a restoration was carried out by George Edmund Street.[8] Jenkins, in his volume England's Thousand Best Churches, thought that the exterior was treated more sympathetically than the interior. Of the latter, he describes the removal of the plasterwork in the nave, together with the replacement of the Norman chancel arch and the opening up of the hammerbeam roof, as giving the church the appearance of "a barn".[5]

St Giles remains an active parish church in the Church of England, administered as part of the Diocese of Oxford.[9][10] The churchyard has been used as a filming location. In the opening sequence of the James Bond movie, For Your Eyes Only, Bond enters the churchyard through the lychgate to pay his respects at the grave of his wife, Teresa.[11] The churchyard also features in Judy Garland's final film, I Could Go On Singing.[12][13]

Adjacent to the church are the Stoke Poges Memorial Gardens, founded in 1935 by Sir Noel Mobbs to ensure "the maintenance in perpetuity of the peace, quietness and beauty of the ancient church and churchyard".[14][15] The gardens were landscaped by Edward White[16] and contain a number of private plots for the interment of ashes, within a larger, Grade I listed park.[17][18][19] The ashes of the film director Alexander Korda and the broadcaster Kenneth Horne, among others, are interred in the garden.[18]

St Giles is a Grade I listed building.[20] Gray's tomb is designated Grade II.[21] The Gray Monument (adjacent to St Giles' church and owned by the National Trust)[22] is listed at Grade II*.[23] The lychgate is by John Oldrid Scott and is a Grade II listed structure.[24] The churchyard also contains war graves of six British armed services personnel, four of World War I and two of World War II.[25]

Stained glass

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Part of 'The Love of God' window

There is a wide variety of stained glass which accounts for virtually every window of the church. There is 17th century glass to modern late 20th century designs. The cloisters used to have glass depicting coats of arms relating to persons known to Sir Edward Coke, a former owner of the adjoining Manor House. That glass, according to tradition, is said to have come across from the Manor House upon its partial demolition in 1790.[26][27] In 1946 during restoration work, glass displaying the coat of arms were fitted in the Hastings chapel.[28] The arms represent: Roger Manners; John Fortescue; Sir Walter Mildmay[29] and of families of Ducie, Pipe, Sheffield and Pyott.[26][30] The restoration resulted in a new East central window of the Crucifixion by Martin Travers and Lawrence Lee[31] replacing an image of the founder of the chapel, Lord Hastings of Loughborough.[32] The large west window of the nave is the work of Charles Kemp, in memory of Edward Coleman. The work of Louis Davies is in the north west corner, remembering Rev St John Parry and pupils of Stoke House school in Stoke Poges.[26] The south aisle of the nave have vibrant windows by Mayer & Co. which remembers the death of a small child of the Howard Vyse family.[28][33] The modern glass created in 1998 by Richard Molyneux and David Wasley is in the tower. It is called, 'The Love of God' but also The Mothers' Union window, remembering Mary Thorpe.[34][35]

Huge panels of early 16th century glass were fitted in a private vestibule in mid-Victorian times, by Edward Coleman, the owner of Stoke Park, Buckinghamshire.[27] In the 1920s the glass was removed; the church became owner of the vestibule and glass was subsequently sold in 1929.[36] In the 21st century, they form major documents of excellent stained glass of the period at the Detroit Institute of Arts.[7][37]

Memorials and monuments

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There are many memorials throughout the church.[38] The major ones are an Easter Sepulchre purportedly to remember the Robber Baron Sir John de Moleyns and for his tomb;[36][32] in the north aisle the monument to Nathaniel Marchant[36] created by John Flaxman[39][40] and in the Hastings chapel a mural monument of the early 18th century, without any inscription, yet most probably for Sir Thomas Clarges or his son, Sir Walter;[26][36] also a stone to Dr Gregory Hascard.[32][27] A tablet in the South aisle beside the former Thomas Gray pew is for many close descendants of William Penn[36] including son, Thomas Penn[41] and grandsons, John Penn[42] and Granville Penn[43] and Sophia Penn, the wife of Field Marshal Sir William Gomm.[44][45]

War memorials

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World War II memorial window

There are three large war memorials inside the church. The World War One marble tablet memorial, lists 48 men from Stoke Poges who died.[46] The memorial was executed by Sir Ernest George and Mr Basil Gotto, a sculptor.[47] It is located in the chancel. The World War Two stained glass window memorial lists 8 men from Stoke Poges who died. The memorial was designed by Lawrence Lee and executed by Christopher Wallis.[48] It is at the west end of the nave. Also incorporated in the window are the coat of arms of the Diocese of Oxford and an ancient restored image of a person on a hobby horse blowing through a trumpet, known as the 'bicycle window'.[28] Men who had attended Stoke House School in Stoke Poges and later died in the South Africa War (1901–1903) are remembered by a stained glass window which depicts St Michael and St George.[49] The window was designed by Louis Davis.[50] It is located in the north aisle.

A Norman lancet window in the chancel was restored in 1947 and it remembers the men and women of Britain and Allies who died in World War II.[36][51] Another lancet window in the chancel, remembers Captain Frederick Henry Allhusen of the 9th Royal Lancers who served in South Africa during 1899.[52]

World War I memorial

Memorials to individuals killed in action

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There are three memorials to men who were killed in action. Killed in 1882 was Lieutenant Henry Granville Lindsay who was serving in the 60th Rifles, mounted infantry, died in Egypt. He is remembered on a brass plaque along with members of the Howard Vyse family.[53] It is located in the south aisle. Killed in 1914 was Lieutenant Samuel Vernon Einem Hickson who was serving in the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, died in Tanga.[54] He is remembered on a memorial stone in the nave. Killed in 1944 was Pilot Officer John Stuart Deveraux who was serving in Egypt. He is remembered on a stone tablet in the Hastings chapel.[36][55][56][57]

Other military memorials

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Part of the 'Gurkha Rifles flag

Inside the Hastings chapel are items remembering the 4th Prince of Wales's Own (PWO) Gurkha Rifles which includes an Officers' Book of Remembrance and a battle honours Regimental flag.[58] The Vicar is the Honorary Chaplain to the PWO 4th Gurkha Rifles Officers Association.[59][60]

One of the Standards of the Royal Horse Guard (The Blues) has been lodged in the nave beside memorials to the Howard Vyse family of Stoke Place[61][62] due in part because Major General Sir Richard Howard –Vyse of Stoke Place had been the Colonel of the Royal Horse Guards (The Blues).[63]

Monumental brass

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Effigy and arms of Sir William de Moleyns

On the north side of the altar is the oldest brass, which is to Sir William de Moleyns who died in 1425 at the Siege of Orléans, and his wife, Margaret. On the south side is part of the brass for their daughter and heiress Alianore, but her effigy has been removed leaving only the inscription and arms.[38][36] The third brass at the front of the altar was removed in the late 20th century, except for the arms. It was to Edmund Hampdyn and his wife, Isabel.[64][38]

Funeral hatchments

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There are nineteen funeral hatchments hung on the walls of the chancel, Hastings chapel and tower. This is the most funeral hatchments in one building within the county of Buckinghamshire. The funeral hatchments are for the following people, with their motto where shown:[65]

Funeral Hatchment for George Godolphin Osborne, 8th Duke of Leeds
Funeral Hatchment for Field Marshal Sir George Howard

Clergy

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Clergy of Church of St Giles, Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, 1107 — [67] [68] [69]|-
From To Name Patron Comment
1107 Aluredus
1222 Alarus de Netel Prior and Convent of St. Mary Overy, Southwark
1224 Geoffrey de Haveringdon Ditto
1228 John de Dryn Ditto
1274 1275 Nicholas de London Ditto
1294 William de Mersham Ditto
1321 Walter de Ipswich Ditto
1333 1334 William de Medburn Ditto
1365 Robert Nell Ditto or spelt NELE. Died 1365
1365 Thomas Bray Ditto
1386 John Milward Ditto
1399 Thomas Chapman Ditto
1414 Thomas Clerk Ditto Exchanged for Leatherhead
1414 John Gallys Ditto Instituted October 3
1417 John Cully Ditto
1421 Edward Pepying Ditto
1454 1455 Thomas Howe Ditto
1461 John Fowkes Ditto
1474 Abraham Repyngdon Ditto
1479 1480 Alexander White Bishop of London, by lapse
1489 Robert Blakeloke Prior and Convent of St. Mary Overy, Southwark
1508 Robert Taylor Ditto
1530 Milo Braythwayt Ditto
1531 1532 John Dogeson Ditto
1537 Oliver Stacy Ditto also supporting Vicar in 1540 were Chantry Priests of Andreas Clarke and Johannes Lovyngton
1555 John Munden Edward Windsor, Esq.
1562 Richard Pennington Elizabeth I
1563 Andrew Pury Elizabeth I
1591 Samuel Keltridge Richard Tredway, Esq.
1601 John Duffield Walter Tredway, Esq. also In 1616 Ric Smith was a preacher. Royal chaplain in extraordinary
1619 Abraham Montague Elizabeth Tredway
1630 Randolph Wade Unknown
1637 Nicholas Lovell William Stafford, Esq.
1657 Adam Lewgar Unknown
1661 Thomas Bowen Sir Thomas Clarges
1664 Rowland Gower Sir Thomas Clarges
1675 Robert Vile Sir Thomas Clarges Resigned in 1679
1679 John Provote Sir Thomas Clarges Resigned in 1687
1687 Richard Redding Sir Thomas Clarges Died in 1718
1719 Francis Philipps Matthew Snow, Esq.
1726 Thomas Dolben George Clarges, Esq.
1754 Henry Duckworth Lord Francis Osborne Died in 1794
1794 Richard Kilsha Ditto also assisting as Curates in 1797 was William Nettleship and in 1802 was Arthur Bold
1803 Arthur Bold Ditto also assisting as Stipendiary Curates in 1820 was Henry Thomas Atkins; in 1824 was William Home and in 1827 was George William Brooks. Died 1831
1831 William Nickson Ditto also assisting as Stipendiary Curate in 1831 was Hon. Sidney Godolphin Osborne who paid to reside in vicarage house. Resigned in 1832
1832 Hon. Sidney Godolphin Osborne Rt.Hon. Lord Godolphin
1841 John Shaw Ditto
1866 Vernon Blake Duke of Leeds
1902 Joshua Fielding Hoyle Ditto
1912 Arthur T. Barnett Ditto
1926 Mervyn J. Clare Ditto
1945 David Henry Bryant Bevan Ditto
1968 Cyril Evans Harris Ditto
1999 Harry Latham Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford
2018 Natasha Brady current in 2024

Clergy have also worked in the Parish of Stoke Poges at the Lord Hastings Hospital; the Mission Room; the Chapel of Ease:St Wilfred's and St Andrew's Church Centre

  • Memorial for Revd Richard Redding in the Hastings chapel
    Memorial for Revd Richard Redding in the Hastings chapel
  • Memorial for Revd Arthur Bold in the choir
    Memorial for Revd Arthur Bold in the choir
  • Grave of Revd David H. Bryant-Bevan in the churchyard
    Grave of Revd David H. Bryant-Bevan in the churchyard
  • Grave of Revd Cyril E. Harris in the churchyard
    Grave of Revd Cyril E. Harris in the churchyard
  • Board listing Vicars to 2000 in the tower
    Board listing Vicars to 2000 in the tower

Bells

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Sallies and ropes for the 8 bells

The three oldest bells date from 1728. Restoration work of a total of six bells took place in 1894, carried out by Mears and Stainbank in Whitechapel, London. In 1912 the bells were rehung in a new iron frame. Twelve years later, following the removal of the spire, a new ringing chamber was created above what had been a gallery: directly above the 'Manor House – Penn pews' within the tower. The chamber is accessed from external stairs.[70][71]

A stay, headstock, wheel and bell in the bell tower

The bells were rehung and augmented in 1938 to give a ring of eight. 20th-century rehang and recast on each occasion has been carried out by the Gillett & Johnston bell foundry. The bells are rung 'full circle'.[70][72][73]

Details of the bells
Bell Weight (kg) Note Diameter (in) Year cast Founder
1 195.0 F♯ 25½ 1937 Gillett & Johnson, Croydon
2 194.6 E♯ 26 1937 Gillett & Johnson, Croydon
3 183.7 D♯ 27 1824 Mears, London
4 231.3 C♯ 29½ 1772 Swain, London
5 289.4 B 31¾ 1728 Phelps, London
6 327.9 A♯ 33¾ 1773 Swain, London
7 421.4 G♯ 37⅛ 1728 Phelps, London
8 687.2 F♯ 42¼ 1728 Phelps, London

Thomas Gray and Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

[edit]

Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree's shade,
Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap,
Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,
The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.

Thomas Gray was a regular visitor to Stoke Poges, which was home to his mother and an aunt,[75] and the churchyard at St Giles is reputed to have been the inspiration for his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, though this is not universally accepted.[76] Some scholars suggest that much, or all, of the poem was written in Cambridge, where Gray lived.[77][78] Other commentators have identified as alternative possibilities St Mary's, Everdon, Northamptonshire; and St Laurence's Church, Upton-cum-Chalvey, Berkshire.[79] The poem certainly had a long gestation,[80] but it was completed at Stoke Poges in 1750. In June of that year, Gray wrote to his friend and supporter, Horace Walpole; "I have been here at Stoke a few days and having put an end to a thing, whose beginning you have seen long ago, I immediately send it to you."[81] A. L. Lytton Sells writes that there is "no doubt" about the identification of St. Giles as the churchyard of Gray's Elegy,[82] and Robert L. Mack calls it "very close to irrefutable".[74]

Watercolour of St Giles' by John Constable, (1834)

In 1771 Gray was buried (in accordance with his instructions) in the churchyard, in the vault erected for his mother and aunt.[75] The tomb above records the names, ages and dates of death of Gray's mother and aunt, and his own tribute to his mother ("the careful tender mother of many children, one of whom alone had the misfortune to survive her")[83] but no reference to Gray himself. Instead, his death and burial are recorded on a plaque set into the adjacent, external wall of the Hastings Chapel.

Gray's Monument, a sarcophagus set on a pedestal inscribed with stanzas from the Elegy,[23] was commissioned by John Penn to a James Wyatt design, as a memorial to Gray himself, as a tribute to the Elegy, and as an eye-catcher for Penn's Stoke Park estate.[22]

Artists have embellished publications of Gray's works with their paintings of the church and Gray's tomb. The following artists have painted scenes: Joseph Barrow;[84] William Barron;[85] William Blake;[86][87] John Constable;[88][89] Hendrik de Cort;[90] Jasper Cropsey,[91][92] in addition Humphry Repton, illustrated the Church in his Red Book of Stoke Park.[93][94]

[edit]
  • Gray's tomb, to the left
    Gray's tomb, to the left
  • Plaque set into the wall of the Hastings Chapel opposite Gray's tomb
    Plaque set into the wall of the Hastings Chapel opposite Gray's tomb
  • Gray's Monument
    Gray's Monument

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Restoration of St Giles' Church". Stoke Poges Parish Council. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Stoke Poges St Giles". National Churches Trust. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Pevsner & Williamson 2003, p. 651.
  4. ^ "Edward Hastings (1519–1572)". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  5. ^ a b c Jenkins 1999, p. 37.
  6. ^ Page, William (1925). "A History of the County of Buckingham". Victoria County History. British History Online. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  7. ^ a b You, Yao‑Fen (2015). "New observations concerning the Stoke Poges windows". Revista de História da Arte. 03 (Collecting through Connections): 152 to 164.
  8. ^ Pevsner & Williamson 2003, p. 652.
  9. ^ "Stoke Poges St Giles". Church of England. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  10. ^ "Stoke Poges: St Giles". Church of England Heritage Database. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  11. ^ "Picturesque Lych Gate with links to James Bond and famous Thomas Gray poem listed". Historic England. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  12. ^ "I Could Go on Singing (1963)". Reelstreets. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  13. ^ Houston, Penelope. "I Could Go On Singing". BFI (via Sight and Sound). Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  14. ^ "Unforgettable Gardens – Stoke Poges Memorial Gardens". Buckinghamshire Gardens Trust. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  15. ^ "Sir Noel Mobbs". Mobbs Memorial Trust. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  16. ^ "Gardens of Remembrance, Stoke Poges – Slough". Parks & Gardens UK. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  17. ^ Historic England. "Stoke Poges Gardens of Remembrance (Grade I) (1001255)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  18. ^ a b "Stoke Poges Memorial Garden". Buckinghamshire Culture. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  19. ^ "Stoke Poges Memorial Gardens" (PDF). Buckinghamshire County Council. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  20. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Giles, Stoke Poges (Grade I) (1164966)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  21. ^ Historic England. "Tomb of Thomas Gray, his mother Dorothy Gray and his aunt Mary Antrobus in churchyard of St Giles Church, Stoke Poges (Grade II) (1124345)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  22. ^ a b "Gray's Monument and Gray's Field Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire". National Trust. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  23. ^ a b Historic England. "Gray's Monument, Stoke Poges (Grade II*) (1124346)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  24. ^ Historic England. "Lych gate and attached stone and flint wall, Church of St Giles, Stoke Poges (Grade II) (1475583)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
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  27. ^ a b c Parry, Oswald (1896). Stoke Poges – A Concise Account of the Church and Manor and also of the poet Thomas Gray. London: Church. p. 17.
  28. ^ a b c Harris, Reverend Cyril E. (1969). "A Guide to Stoke Poges Parish Church". Stoke Poges Church. 1.
  29. ^ Mildmay, Walter. "Heraldry at Emmanuel College Cambridge" (PDF). www.emma.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  30. ^ Lamborn, Edmund Arnold Greening (1944). "The Armorial Glass of the Enamel Period at Stoke Poges". The British Society of Master Glass Painters. IX (2).
  31. ^ Travers, Martin; Lee, Lawrence Stanley. "Crucifixion". www.buckschurches.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  32. ^ a b c Neale, John Preston; Le Keux, John (1824). Collegiate and Parochial Churches in Great Britain. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green of London.
  33. ^ Mother and Child, Angel and Child. "S aisle S". www.buckschurches.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  34. ^ Molineux, Richard; Wasley, David. "The Love of God". www.buckschurches.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  35. ^ David, Walsey (29 April 1998). "Stained glass window". Beaconsfield Advertiser (1).
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  37. ^ "Saint Wenceslas of Bohemia". www./dia.org. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
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  45. ^ Wainwright, Nicholas B. "The Penn Collection". www.jstor.org. University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  46. ^ "Stoke Poges – First World War Memorial". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
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  49. ^ "Stoke House School Pupils- Boer War". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
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  51. ^ "WWII Chancel NW". Stained Glass of Buckinghamshire Churches. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
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  54. ^ "Memorial to Lieutenant S V E Hickson". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
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  57. ^ "Pilot Officer John Stuart Devereux". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  58. ^ Gurkha, Rifles. "4th PWO Gurkha Rifles". www.spoges.co.uk. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  59. ^ Cyril, The Reverend Cyril. "Bedford Today". www.legacy.com/uk. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
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  73. ^ Peal List for Tower. "Felstead Database". www.felstead.cccbr.org.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
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  77. ^ Rumens, Carol (17 January 2011). "Poem of the week". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
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  82. ^ Sells & Sells 1980, p. 176.
  83. ^ Mack 2000, p. 7.
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  92. ^ Cropsey, Jasper Francis. "Stoke Poges Church". www.artvee.com. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  93. ^ Repton, Humphry. ""Vista to St Giles' church" in Stoke Park Red Book". www.stokepark.com. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  94. ^ Rutherford, Sarah. Humphry Repton in Buckinghamshire and Beyond. Buckinghamshire Gardens Trust. pp. 126–137. ISBN 9781527223486.

Sources

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