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YaCy

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YaCy
Original author(s)Michael Christen
Developer(s)YaCy community
Initial release2003; 21 years ago (2003)[1]
Stable release
1.940 / 18 October 2024; 36 days ago (2024-10-18)[2][3]
Repositorygithub.com/yacy/yacy_search_server
Written inJava
Operating systemCross-platform
Size104-113 MB
TypeOverlay network, Search engine
LicenseGPL-2.0-or-later
Websiteyacy.net/en/

YaCy (pronounced “ya see”) is a free distributed search engine built on the principles of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, created by Michael Christen in 2003.[4][5] The engine is written in Java and distributed on several hundred computers, as of September 2006[needs update], so-called YaCy-peers.

Each YaCy-peer independently crawls through the Internet, analyzes and indexes found web pages, and stores indexing results in a common database (so-called index) which is shared with other YaCy-peers using principles of peer-to-peer. This decentralized approach ensures privacy and eliminates the need for a central server.[6]

Compared to semi-distributed search engines, the YaCy network has a distributed architecture. All YaCy-peers are equal and no central server exists. It can be run either in a crawling mode or as a local proxy server, indexing web pages visited by the person running YaCy on their computer. Several mechanisms are provided to protect the user's privacy. Search functions are accessed by a locally run web server which provides a search box to enter search terms, and returns search results in a format similar to popular search engines.[7]

System components

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YaCy search engine is based on four elements:[8]

Crawler[9]
A search robot that traverses between web pages, analyzing their content.[10]: The crawler is responsible for fetching web pages from the internet. Each peer in the YaCy network can crawl and index websites. The crawling process involves:
  • Discovery: Finding new web pages to index by following links.
  • Fetching: Downloading the content of web pages.
  • Parsing: Extracting relevant information such as text, metadata, and links from the downloaded pages.
Indexer
It creates a reverse word index (RWI), i.e., each word from the RWI has its list of relevant URLs and ranking information. Words are saved as word hashes.[11]
Search and administration interface
Made as a web interface provided by a local HTTP servlet with a servlet engine.[12]
Data storage
Used to store the reverse word index database utilizing a distributed hash table.
Homepage of YaCy

Search-engine technology

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YaCy network
  • YaCy is a complete search appliance with user interface, index, administration, and monitoring.
  • YaCy harvests web pages with a web crawler. Documents are then parsed, and indexed and the search index is stored locally. If your peer is part of a peer network, then your local search index is also merged into the shared index for that network.
    • A search is started, then the local index contributes with a global search index from peers in the YaCy search network.
  • The YaCy Grid is a second-generation implementation of the YaCy peer-to-peer search. A YaCy Grid installation comprises microservices that communicate using the Master Connect Program (MCP).
  • The YaCy Parser is a microservice that can be deployed using Docker. When the Parser Component is started, it searches for and connects to an MCP. By default, the local host is searched for an MCP, but you can configure one yourself.

YaCy platform architecture

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Web search showing results of the different components YaCy uses

YaCy uses a combination of techniques for the networking, administration, and maintenance of indexing the search engine, including blacklisting, moderation, and communication with the community. Here is how YaCy performs these operations:

  • Community components
    1. Web forum[13]
    2. Statistics
    3. XML API
  • Maintenance
    1. Web Server
    2. Indexing
    3. Crawler with Balancer
    4. Peer-to-Peer Server Communication
  • Content organization
    1. Blacklisting and Filtering
    2. Search interface
    3. Bookmarks
    4. Monitoring search results

Distribution

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YaCy is available in packages for Linux, Windows, and Macintosh, and also as a Docker image; it can also be installed on other operating systems either by manually building it, or using a tarball.[14] YaCy requires Java 8, OpenJDK 8 is recommended.

The Debian package can be installed from a repository available at the subdomain of the project's website,[15][16] but is not yet maintained in the official Debian package repository.[17]

See also

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  • Dooble – an open-source web browser with an integrated YaCy Search Engine Tool Widget

References

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  1. ^ "Ich entwickle eine P2P-basierende Suchmaschine. Wer macht mit?". Heise Online (in German). 2003-12-15. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  2. ^ "Apache Server at download.yacy.net Port 443". 2024-06-01. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  3. ^ "Apache Server at release.yacy.net Port 443". 2024-10-07. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
  4. ^ "YaCy takes on Google with open source search engine". The Register. 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
  5. ^ "YaCy: It's About Freedom, Not Beating Google". PC World. 2011-12-03. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
  6. ^ "Home - YaCy". yacy.net. Retrieved 2024-07-01.
  7. ^ "FAQ - YaCy". yacy.net. Retrieved 2024-07-04.
  8. ^ "YaCy Technology Architecture". YaCy.net. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
  9. ^ "Demo - YaCy". yacy.net. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  10. ^ GitHub: YaCy Grid Crawler, YaCy Search Engine, 2021-02-28, pp. yacy / yacy_grid_crawler, retrieved 2021-03-11
  11. ^ GitHub: YaCy Grid Parser, YaCy Search Engine, 2021-02-28, pp. The YaCy Grid is the second-generation implementation of YaCy, retrieved 2021-03-11
  12. ^ GitHub: YaCY Search, YaCy Search Engine, 2021-02-28, pp. yacy / yacy-search forked from cream/yacy-search, retrieved 2021-03-11
  13. ^ "forum.yacy.de". Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  14. ^ "Download - YaCy". yacy.net. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
  15. ^ "En:DebianInstall". YaCyWiki. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  16. ^ "Dev:TaskSharing". YaCyWiki. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  17. ^ "#452422 - RFP: yacy -- distributed web crawler and search engine". Debian Bug report logs. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to YaCy.

Further reading

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YaCy at LinuxReviews

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