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'There are five million!!!!!!!!!!!! recognized '''isotopes of [[sodium]]''', ranging from {{chem|18|Na}} to {{chem|37|Na}} and two [[nuclear isomer|isomer]]s ({{chem|22m|Na}} and {{chem|24m|Na}}). {{chem|23|Na}} is the only stable (and the only primordial) isotope. As such, it is considered a monoisotopic element and it has a standard atomic mass: {{val|22.98976928|(2)|u=[[unified atomic mass unit|u]]}}. Sodium has two [[radioactive]] [[cosmogenic]] isotopes ({{chem|22|Na}}, [[half-life]] = 2.605 years; and {{chem|link=Sodium-24|24|Na}}, half-life ≈ 15 hours). With the exception of those two, all other isotopes have [[half life|half-lives]] under a minute, most under a second. The least stable is {{chem|18|Na}}, with a half-life of {{val|1.3|(4)|e=-21}} seconds. Acute neutron radiation exposure (e.g., from a nuclear [[criticality accident]]) converts some of the stable {{chem|23|Na}} in human blood plasma to {{chem|24|Na}}. By measuring the concentration of this isotope, the neutron radiation dosage to the victim can be computed. Sodium-22 is a [[positron]]-emitting isotope with a remarkably long half-life. It is used to create test-objects and point-sources for [[positron emission tomography]]. == Table == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap" ! rowspan="2" | nuclide<br />symbol ! Z([[proton|p]]) ! N([[neutron|n]]) ! &nbsp;<br />isotopic mass (u)<br />&nbsp; ! rowspan="2" | half-life ! rowspan="2" | decay<br>mode(s)<ref>http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx</ref><ref group="n">Abbreviations:<br>IT: [[Isomeric transition]]</ref> ! rowspan="2" | daughter<br>isotope(s)<ref group="n">Bold for stable isotopes</ref> ! rowspan="2" | nuclear<br />spin ! rowspan="2" | representative<br />isotopic<br />composition<br />(mole fraction) ! rowspan="2" | range of natural<br />variation<br />(mole fraction) |- ! colspan="3" | excitation energy |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 7 | rowspan=2|18.02597(5) | rowspan=2|1.3(4)×10⁻²¹ s | [[proton emission|p]] (>99.9%) | ¹⁷Ne | rowspan=2|(1-)# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | [[Beta decay|β⁺]] (<.1%) | ¹⁸Ne |- | ¹⁹Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 8 | 19.013877(13) | <40 ns | p | ¹⁸Ne | (5/2+)# | | |- | rowspan=2|²⁰Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 9 | rowspan=2|20.007351(7) | rowspan=2|447.9(23) ms | β⁺ (75%) | '''²⁰Ne''' | rowspan=2|2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, [[alpha decay|α]] (25%) | '''¹⁶O''' |- | ²¹Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 10 | 20.9976552(8) | 22.49(4) s | β⁺ | '''²¹Ne''' | 3/2+ | | |- | ²²Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 11 | 21.9944364(4) | 2.6027(10) yr | β⁺ | '''²²Ne''' | 3+ | Trace<ref group="n" name="t">[[Cosmogenic]] nuclide</ref> | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^22mNa | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 583.03(9) keV | 244(6) ns | | | 1+ | | |- | ²³Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 12 | 22.9897692809(29) | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |- | [[Sodium-24|²⁴Na]] | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 13 | 23.99096278(8) | 14.9590(12) h | β^- | '''²⁴Mg''' | 4+ | Trace<ref group="n" name="t" /> | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^24mNa | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 472.207(9) keV | rowspan=2|20.20(7) ms | [[Isomeric transition|IT]] (99.95%) | ²⁴Na | rowspan=2|1+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻ (.05%) | '''²⁴Mg''' |- | ²⁵Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 14 | 24.9899540(13) | 59.1(6) s | β⁻ | '''²⁵Mg''' | 5/2+ | | |- | ²⁶Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 15 | 25.992633(6) | 1.077(5) s | β⁻ | '''²⁶Mg''' | 3+ | | |- | rowspan=2|²⁷Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 16 | rowspan=2| 26.994077(4) | rowspan=2| 301(6) ms | β⁻ (99.87%) | ²⁷Mg | rowspan=2|5/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, [[neutron emission|n]] (.13%) | '''²⁶Mg''' |- | rowspan=2|²⁸Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 17 | rowspan=2|27.998938(14) | rowspan=2|30.5(4) ms | β⁻ (99.421%) | ²⁸Mg | rowspan=2|1+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (.579%) | ²⁷Mg |- | rowspan=2|²⁹Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18 | rowspan=2|29.002861(14) | rowspan=2|44.9(12) ms | β⁻ (74.09%) | ²⁹Mg | rowspan=2|3/2(+#) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (25.91%) | ²⁸Mg |- | rowspan=4|³⁰Na | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 19 | rowspan=4|30.008976(27) | rowspan=4|48.4(17) ms | β⁻ (68.83%) | ³⁰Mg | rowspan=4|2+ | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β⁻, n (30.0%) | ²⁹Mg |- | β⁻, 2n (1.17%) | ²⁸Mg |- | β⁻, α | ²⁶Ne |- | rowspan=4|³¹Na | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 20 | rowspan=4|31.01359(23) | rowspan=4|17.0(4) ms | β⁻ (62.05%) | ³¹Mg | rowspan=4|(3/2+) | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β⁻, n | ³⁰Mg |- | β⁻, 2n | ²⁹Mg |- | β⁻, 3n | ²⁸Mg |- | rowspan=3|³²Na | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 21 | rowspan=3|32.02047(38) | rowspan=3|12.9(7) ms | β⁻ | ³²Mg | rowspan=3|(3-,4-) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n | ³¹Mg |- | β⁻, 2n | ³⁰Mg |- | rowspan=3|³³Na | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 22 | rowspan=3|33.02672(94) | rowspan=3|8.2(2) ms | β⁻, n (52.0%) | ³²Mg | rowspan=3|3/2+# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻ (36.0%) | ³³Mg |- | β⁻, 2n (12.0%) | ³¹Mg |- | rowspan=3|³⁴Na | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=3|34.03517(96)# | rowspan=3|5.5(10) ms | β⁻, 2n (50.0%) | ³²Mg | rowspan=3|1+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻ (35.0%) | ³⁴Mg |- | β⁻, n (15.0%) | ³³Mg |- | rowspan=2|³⁵Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 24 | rowspan=2|35.04249(102)# | rowspan=2|1.5(5) ms | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ³⁵Mg | rowspan=2|3/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<.1%) | ³⁴Mg |- | ³⁶Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 25 | 36.05148(102)# | <260 ns | | | | | |- | ³⁷Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 26 | 37.05934(103)# | 1# ms [>1.5 µs] | | | 3/2+# | | |} <references group="n" /> === Notes === * Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses. * Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties. ==Sodium-24== Sodium-24 is one of the more important isotopes of sodium. It is [[radioactive]] and created from common sodium-23 by [[neutron]] bombardment. With a 15-hour half life, {{chem|24|Na}} decays to {{chem|link=Isotopes of magnesium|24|Mg}} by emission of an [[electron]] and two [[gamma ray]]s. Exposure of the human body to intense neutron flux creates {{chem|24|Na}} in [[blood plasma]]. Measurements of its quantity are used to determine the absorbed radiation dose of the patient. This is used to determine the level of medical treatment required. When the [[NaK|sodium-potassium]] alloy is used as a coolant in nuclear reactors, {{chem|24|Na}} is created which makes the coolant radioactive. When the {{chem|24|Na}} decays, it causes a buildup of magnesium in the coolant. Since the half life is short, the {{chem|24|Na}} portion of the coolant ceases to be radioactive within a few days after removal from the reactor. {{isotope|element=sodium |lighter=[[sodium-23]] |heavier=[[sodium-25]] |before=[[neon-24]] |after=[[magnesium-24]] }} == References == * Isotope masses from: **{{cite journal |author=G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A}} * Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: **{{cite journal |author=J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor |year=2003 |title=Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=683–800 |doi=10.1351/pac200375060683}} **{{cite journal |author=M. E. Wieser |year=2006 |title=Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=78 |issue=11 |pages=2051–2066 |doi=10.1351/pac200678112051 |laysummary=http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html}} * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on [[Talk:Isotopes of sodium|this article's talk page]]. **{{cite journal |author=G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A}} **{{cite web |author=[[National Nuclear Data Center]] |year= |title=NuDat 2.1 database |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ |publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] |accessdate=September 2005}} **{{cite book |author=N. E. Holden |year=2004 |editor=D. R. Lide |chapter=Table of the Isotopes |title=[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] |page=Section 11 |nopp=yes |edition=85th |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9}} ==External links== *[http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Na_iso.htm Sodium isotopes data from ''The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's''] <references /> {{Isotope nav | element=sodium | lighter=Isotopes of neon | heavier=Isotopes of magnesium }} [[Category:Sodium]] [[Category:Isotopes of sodium| ]] [[Category:Lists of isotopes by element|Sodium]]'