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'{{Infobox Writer | name = Douglas Rushkoff | pseudonym = | birthdate = 18 February 1961 | birthplace = | occupation = [[American Media|American media]] theorist, writer, columnist, lecturer graphic novelist, documentarian | nationality = | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = [[Princeton University]]<br>[[California Institute of the Arts]] | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | influences = [[Marshall McLuhan]] | influenced = | awards = | signature = | website = http://rushkoff.com }} '''Douglas Rushkoff''' (born 18 February 1961) is an [[American Media|American media]] theorist, writer, columnist, lecturer, graphic novelist and documentarian. He is best known for his association with the early cyberpunk culture, and his advocacy of [[open source]] solutions to societal problems. Rushkoff is most frequently regarded as a [[Media theory|media theorist]], and known for coining terms and concepts including viral media (or media virus), [[digital native]], and social currency. He has written ten books on media, technology, and culture. He wrote the first syndicated column on cyberculture for [[The New York Times]] Syndicate, as well as regular columns for [[The Guardian]] of London,<ref name="guardian2002">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2002/jul/25/onlinesupplement.newmedia |title=Signs of the times &#124; Technology |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> [[Arthur (magazine)|Arthur Magazine]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/03/30/crowdsourcing-the-bank-recovery-by-douglas-rushkoff/ |title=Crowdsourcing The Bank Recovery By Douglas Rushkoff &#124; Arthur Magazine - We Found The Others |publisher=Arthurmag.com |date=2009-03-30 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> [[Discover (magazine)|Discover Magazine]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovermagazine.com/search?SearchableText=rushkoff&Submit.x=0&Submit.y=0 |title=Science and Technology News, Science Articles |publisher=Discover Magazine |date=2007-01-21 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and the [[online magazine]]s Daily Beast <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/author/douglas-rushkoff/ |title=Douglas Rushkoff |publisher=The Daily Beast |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and The Feature. Rushkoff currently teaches in the Media Studies department at [[The New School|The New School University]] in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newschool.edu/mediastudies/courses.aspx?id=29211 |title=Media Studies :: Academics :: All Courses |publisher=Newschool.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He has previously lectured at New York University’s ITP and founded that program’s Narrative Lab.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://itp.nyu.edu/research/areas/narrative-lab/ |title=ITP Research 2005 » Narrative Lab |publisher=Itp.nyu.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He also has taught online for the MaybeLogic Academy. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maybelogic.org/rushkoff.htm |title=Maybe Logic Academy :: instructors |publisher=Maybelogic.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> == Biography == === Background === Rushkoff graduated from [[Princeton University]] in 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paw.princeton.edu/issues/2009/07/15/sections/search-and-archives/search.xml |title=Princeton Alumni Weekly: Search & Archives |publisher=Paw.princeton.edu |date=2009-07-15 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He moved to Los Angeles and completed a [[Master of Fine Arts]] in Directing from [[California Institute of the Arts|the California Institute of the Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_California_Institute_of_the_Arts_people |title=List of California Institute of the Arts people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |publisher=En.wikipedia.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Later he took up a [[Postgraduate education|post-graduate]] fellowship from the [[American Film Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6q3dW91a0fgC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=American+Film+Institute,+Rushkoff&source=bl&ots=WEtdSvhfnI&sig=rHQnxHY67r6ukZhnoPwpmeYwDNc&hl=en&ei=nsVnSqWsN46ylAeUt8DFCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 |title=The devil's candy: The bonfire of ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He is currently a PhD candidate at Utrecht University's New Media Program, writing a dissertation on new media literacies. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.let.uu.nl/tftv/nieuwemedia/comments.php?id=P656_0_3_0_C |title=NewMediaStudies.nl |publisher=Let.uu.nl |date=1999-02-22 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Rushkoff emerged in the early 1990s as active member of the cyberpunk movement, developing friendships and collaborations with people including [[Timothy Leary]], [[R. U. Sirius|RU Sirius]], [[Paul Krassner]], [[Robert Anton Wilson]], [[Ralph Abraham]], [[Terence McKenna]], [[Genesis P-Orridge]], [[Richard Metzger]], [[Grant Morrison]], [[Mark Pesce]], [[Erik Davis]], and other writers, artists and philosophers interested in the intersection of technology, society and culture. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educause.edu/blog/agould/OpenSourceRealityDouglasRushko/167730 |title="Open Source Reality": Douglas Rushkoff Examines the Effects of Open Source &#124; EDUCAUSE |publisher=Educause.edu |date=2008-07-01 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Michael Foord |url=http://www.voidspace.org.uk/cyberpunk/cyberia.shtml |title=Douglas Rushkoff - Cyberia |publisher=Voidspace.org.uk |date=1905-10-14 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seric.com/timothy/ |title=An Open Letter from the friend's of Dr. Timothy Leary |publisher=Seric.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> As his books became more accepted (his first book on cyberculture, Cyberia, was canceled by its original publisher, Bantam, in 1992 because editors feared the Internet would be "over" by the original scheduled publication date in Fall 1993 - it was eventually published in 1994 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/digitalnation/extras/interviews/rushkoff.html |title=FRONTLINE: digital nation: interviews: douglas rushkoff |publisher=PBS |date=2009-03-24 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>), and his concepts of the "media virus"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediamatic.nl/magazine/previews/reviews/marshall/marshall=rushkoff.html |title=Mediamatic Review: J. Marshall - Media Virus - D. Rushkoff |publisher=Mediamatic.nl |date=1996-10-01 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and "social contagion" became mainstream ideas, Rushkoff was invited to deliver commentaries on National Public Radio's [[All Things Considered]],<ref>http://www.npr.org/search.php?text=rushkoff&sort=DREDATE%3Anumberdecreasing&aggId=0&prgId=0&topicId=0&how_long_ago=0</ref> and to make documentaries for the PBS series Frontline.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/interviews/rushkoff.html |title=frontline: merchants of cool: interviews: douglas rushkoff |publisher=PBS |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Rushkoff was awarded the [[Marshall McLuhan]] Award by the Media Ecology Association for his book Coercion, and then invited to become a member and eventually sit on the [[board of directors]] of that organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media-ecology.org/awards/mea_recipients.html |title=Past MEA Award Recipients |publisher=Media-ecology.org |date=2001-02-26 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> This allied him both in spirit and affiliation with the Media Ecologists, a continuation of what is known as the Toronto School of media theorists including [[Marshall McLuhan]], [[Walter J. Ong|Walter Ong]], and [[Neil Postman]]. As a result, Rushkoff was invited to participate in government and industry as a consultant - which usually consisted of a single lecture or appearance, and led to much consternation among his readership. His associations ranged from [[United Nations|the United Nations]] Commission on World Culture and the US [[United States Department of State|Department of State]] to [[Sony|Sony Corporation]] and TCI. Simultaneously, Rushkoff continued to develop his relationship with counterculture figures, collaborating with Genesis P-Orridge as a keyboardist for [[Psychic TV]], and credited with composing music for the album Hell is Invisible Heaven is Her/e.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/sresult.asp?HT_Search=xartist&HT_Search_Info=Douglas+Rushkoff |title=Douglas Rushkoff Discography and Music at CD Universe |publisher=Cduniverse.com |date=2009-03-08 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Rushkoff taught classes in media theory and in media subversion for the New York University's Interactive Telecommunications Program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.core77.com/design.edu/school_details.asp?school_id=64319 |title=Core77 / industrial design magazine + resource / Design.EDU |publisher=Core77.com |date=2005-01-08 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> participated in activist pranks with the Yes Men <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theyesmen.org/yes-men-book |title=Book |publisher=The Yes Men |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and eToy,<ref>{{cite web|author=Jill Priluck |url=http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/1999/12/33189 |title=Etoy: 'This Means War' |publisher=Wired.com |date=2009-01-04 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> contributed to numerous books and documentaries on psychedelics, and spoke or appeared at many events sponsored by counterculture publisher Disinformation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disinfo.com/archive/pages/dossier/id176/pg1/ |title=disinformation &#124; douglas rushkoff |publisher=Disinfo.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> === Influences === References to media ecologist and Toronto School of Communication founder Marshall McLuhan appear throughout Rushkoff’s work as a focus on media over content, the effects of media on [[popular culture]] and the level at which people participate when consuming media.<ref name="blogspot1">{{cite web|url=http://digitalmindsblog.blogspot.com/2008/03/media-resistance-interview-with-douglas.html |title=Digital Minds Blog: Media Resistance – An Interview with Douglas Rushkoff |publisher=Digitalmindsblog.blogspot.com |date=2008-03-26 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Rushkoff’s colleagues in The Toronto School include Neil Postman and Lance Strate. Rushkoff worked with both Robert Anton Wilson <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/Robert-Anton-Wilson-Maybe-Logic/dp/B000EU1HQM |title=Robert Anton Wilson - Maybe Logic: Robert Anton Wilson, Valerie Corral, Paul Krassner, Tom Robbins, Douglas Rushkoff, R.U. Sirius, Douglass Smith, Lance Bauscher, Cody McClintock, Robert Dofflemyer, Katherine Covell: Movies & TV |publisher=Amazon.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and Timothy Leary on developing philosophical systems to explain consciousness, its interaction with technology, and [[social evolution]] of the human species, and references both consistently in his work. Leary, along with [[John Barlow]] and Terrence McKenna characterized the mid-90s as techno-utopian, and saw the rapid acceleration of culture, emerging media and the unchecked advancement of technology as completely positive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/rushkoff/rushkoff_index.html |title=The Thing That I Call Doug |publisher=EDGE |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Rushkoff's own unbridled enthusiasm for cyberculture was tempered by the dotcom boom, when the non-profit character of the Internet was rapidly overtaken by corporations and [[venture capital]]. Rushkoff often cites two events in particular - the day Netscape became a [[public company]] in 1995,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindjack.com/rushkoff/coercion.html |title=Mindjack Magazine: Coercion by Douglas Rushkoff |publisher=Mindjack.com |date=1999-10-01 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and the day AOL bought [[Time Warner|TimeWarner]] in 2000 <ref name="guardian2002"/> - as pivotal moments in his understanding of the forces at work in the evolution of new media. He spent several years exploring [[Judaism]] as a primer for [[media literacy]], going so far as to publish a book inviting Jews to restore the religion to its "open source" roots.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeek.net/feature_03074.shtml |title=A Conversation with Douglas Rushkoff |publisher=Zeek |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He founded a movement for [[progressive Judaism]] called Reboot, but subsequently left when he felt its funders had become more concerned with marketing and publicity of Judaism than its actual improvement and evolution.<ref name="blogspot1"/> Disillusioned by the failure of the open source model to challenge entrenched and institutional hierarchies from religion to finance, he became a colleague of [[Mark Crispin]] Miller and [[Naomi Klein]], appearing with them at [[Smith College]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smith.edu/response/timeline.php |title=Smith College: The Community Responds to Tragedy |publisher=Smith.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> as well as in numerous documentaries decrying the corporatization of public space and consciousness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/persuaders/ |title=frontline: the persuaders |publisher=PBS |date=2004-11-09 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He has dedicated himself from then to the present on the issues of media literacy,<ref name="namle1">{{cite web|url=http://www.namle.net/about/national-advisory-council |title=National Advisory Council - NAMLE - National Association for Media Literacy Education - Advancing Media Literacy Education in America |publisher=NAMLE |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> participatory government, and, most recently, the development of local and complementary currencies.<ref>{{cite web|last=Newitz |first=Annalee |url=http://www.portfolio.com/views/columns/dual-perspectives/2009/04/13/DIY-Currencies |title=DIY Currencies - Dual Perspectives |publisher=Portfolio.com |date=2008-09-11 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He wrote a book and film called ''Life Inc.'',<ref>{{cite web|author=Posted by rushkoff, May 11, 2009 7:29 AM |url=http://www.boingboing.net/2009/05/11/life-inc-the-movie.html |title=Life Inc: The Movie |publisher=Boing Boing |date=2009-05-11 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> which trace the development of [[corporatism]] and centralized currency from the Renaissance to today, and hosts a [[Radio programming|radio show]] called MediaSquat on WFMU, concerned with reclaiming commerce and culture from corporate domination. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.wfmu.org/freeform/2009/03/new-podcast-the-media-squat-with-douglas-rushkoff.html |title=WFMU's Beware of the Blog: New Podcast: The Media Squat with Douglas Rushkoff |publisher=Blog.wfmu.org |date=2009-03-25 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> === Awards and appointments === Douglas Rushkoff serves on the Board of Directors of the Media Ecology Association,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media-ecology.org/about/organization.html#Board%20of%20Directors |title=Organization of the Media Ecology Association |publisher=Media-ecology.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> The Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/who.html |title=Who is the CCLE? |publisher=Cognitiveliberty.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and is a founding member of Technorealism,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.technorealism.org/faq.html |title=Technorealism FAQ |publisher=Technorealism.org |date=1998-03-12 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> as well as of the Advisory Board of The National Association for Media Literacy Education,<ref name="namle1"/> MeetUp.com <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meetup.com/about/ |title=About Meetup |publisher=Meetup.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> and HyperWords <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyperwords.net/about_us_adv.html |title=The Hyperwords Company |publisher=Hyperwords.net |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> He is the winner of the first Neil Postman Award for Career Achievement in Public Intellectual Activity, in 2004. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://media-ecology.org/awards/mea_recipients.html |title=Past MEA Award Recipients |publisher=Media-ecology.org |date=2001-02-26 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> == Themes == === General === Douglas Rushkoff’s philosophy developed from a techno-utopian view of new media to a more nuanced critique of cyberculture discourse and the impact of media on society. Viewing everything except for intention as media, he frequently explores the themes of how to make media interactive, how to help people (especially children) effectively analyze and question the media they consume, as well as how to cultivate intention and agency. He has theorized on such media as religion, culture, politics and money. === Technology and cyberculture === Up to the late-90s, Douglas Rushkoff’s philosophy towards technology could be characterized as media-deterministic. Cyberculture and new media were supposed to promote democracy and allow people to transcend the ordinary. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/issues/vol18/issue34/screens.rushkoff.html |title=Archives: 1998-1999 |publisher=The Austin Chronicle |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> In ''Cyberia'', Rushkoff captures the essence of mid-90s culture as being the fusion of rave psychedelia, [[chaos theory]] and early [[Computer networking|computer networks]]. The promise of the resulting “counter culture” was that media would change form being passive to active, that we would embrace the social over content, and that empowers the masses to create and react. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/cyberia-salem/cyberia |title=Cyberia Summary - Douglas Rushkoff - Magill Book Reviews |publisher=Enotes.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> This idea also comes up in the concept of the media virus, which Rushkoff details in the 1994 publication of Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture. This significant work adopts organic metaphors to show that media, like viruses, are mobile, easily duplicated and presented as non-threatening.<ref>Boyd, Andrew. "Truth is a Virus ." Culture Jamming 101 . 2002. Retrieved on May 3, 2009.</ref> Technologies can make our interaction with media an empowering experience if we learn to decode the capabilities offered to us by our media. Unfortunately, people often stay one step behind our media capabilities. Ideally, emerging media and technologies have the potential to enlighten, to aid grassroots movements, to offer an alternative to the traditional “top-down” media, to connect diverse groups and to promote the sharing of information. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1517/1432 |title=Barbrook |publisher=Firstmonday.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Rushkoff does not limit his writings to the effect of technology on adults, and in Playing the Future turns his attention to the generation of people growing up who understand the language of media like natives, guarded against coercion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spikemagazine.com/0297rush.php |title=Douglas Rushkoff : Children Of Chaos (Playing The Future) : Lost In Translation |publisher=Spikemagazine.com |date=1999-02-22 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> These “screenagers”, a term originated by Rushkoff,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/turnsofphrase/tp-scr1.htm |title=Screenager |publisher=World Wide Words |date=1998-01-10 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> have the chance to mediate the changing landscape more effectively than digital immigrants. With ''Coercion'' (1999), Rushkoff realistically examines the potential benefits and dangers inherent in cyberculture and analyzes market strategies that work to make people act on instinct (and buy!) rather than reflect rationally. The book wants readers to learn to “read” the media they consume and interpret what is really being communicated. === Religion === Nothing Sacred explores the medium of religion and intellectually deconstructs the Bible and the ways that religion fails to provide true connectivity and transformative experiences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wishtank.org/magazine/commons/douglas_rushkoff_interview |title=Douglas Rushkoff Interview // wishtank magazine |publisher=Wishtank.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> The book mainly wants readers to reflect on why things are a certain way and not attribute them to some predestined reality. === Currency === Most recently, Douglas Rushkoff has turned his critical lens to the medium of currency. One of the most important concepts that he coins and develops is the notion of social currency, or the degree to which certain content and media can facilitate and/or promote relationships and interactions between members of a community. Rushkoff mentions jokes, scandals, blogs, ambience, i.e. anything that would engender "water cooler" talk, as social currency. In his latest book, ''Life, Inc.'', Rushkoff takes a look at physical currency and the history of corporatism. Beginning with an overview of how money has been gradually centralized throughout time, and pondering the reasons and consequences of such a fact, he goes on to demonstrate how our society has become defined by and controlled by [[Organizational culture|corporate culture]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realitysandwich.com/beyond_life_inc_talking_douglas_rushkoff |title=Beyond Life Inc: Talking with Douglas Rushkoff |publisher=Reality Sandwich |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> == Bibliography == === Books === *2009. ''Life, Inc.: How the World Became A Corporation and How To Take It Back'' ISBN 9781400066896 *2005. ''Get Back in the Box: Innovation from the Inside Out'' ISBN 9780060758691 *2003. ''Open Source Democracy'' A Demos Essay *2003. ''Nothing Sacred:'' The Truth About Judaism ISBN 9781400051397 *1999. ''Coercion: Why We Listen to What "They" Say'' ISBN 9781573228299 *1996. ''Playing the Future: What We Can Learn From Digital Kids'' ISBN 9781573227643 *1995. ''Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture'' ISBN 9780345397744 *1994. ''[[Cyberia (book)|Cyberia: Life in the Trenches of Cyberspace]]'' ISBN 9781903083246 === Fiction works === *2002. ''Exit Strategy'' (aka Bull) ISBN 9781887128902 *1997. ''Ecstasy Club'' ISBN 9781573227025 ===Graphic Novels=== *2005-2008. ''[[Testament (comics)|Testament]]'' ISBN 9781401210632 *2004. ''Club Zero-G'' ISBN 9780972952934 === Documentaries === *2009 - 2010 ''Digital Nation, Life on the Virtual Frontier''. Web site and documentary *2004 ''The Persuaders''. This documentary examines the psychological techniques behind popular marketing and advertising trends, determines how these methods influence how we view ourselves and desires, and postulates on the future implications of these persuasive approaches at work. *2001 ''Merchants of Cool'', a groundbreaking, award-winning Frontline documentary which explores the people, marketing techniques and ideologies behind popular culture for teenagers. This video attempts to answer whether or not teen popular culture is reflective of its population or manufactured by big business and related groups. *2009 Life Inc. The Movie === Radio === *''The Media Squat'' (creator and host): freeform, [[bottom-up]], open source WFMU radio which examines similarly open source, bottom-up solutions to some of the problems engendered by our relentlessly top-down society. == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==External links== *[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/digitalnation/ Digital Nation] *[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/persuaders/ The Persuaders] *[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/ Merchants of Cool] *[http://rushkoff.com/books/life-incorporated/life-inc-movies/ Life, Inc.] *[http://www.wfmu.org/playlists/RK WFMU] *[http://news.google.com/archivesearch?as_q=&num=100&hl=en&btnG=Search+Archives&as_epq=douglas+rushkoff&as_oq=&as_eq=&ned=us&as_user_ldate=&as_user_hdate=&lr=&as_src=&as_price=p0&as_scoring=a Google News] *[http://books.google.com/books?num=100&hl=en&ned=us&lr=&q=%22douglas%20rushkoff%22&sa=N&tab=np Google Books] *[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?num=100&hl=en&ned=us&lr=&q=%22douglas%20rushkoff%22&sa=N&tab=ps Google Scholar] {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> |NAME = Douglas Rushkoff |SHORT DESCRIPTION = Writer, American media theorist |DATE OF BIRTH = 18 February 1961 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rushkoff, Douglas}} [[Category:American non-fiction writers]] [[Category:Princeton University alumni]] [[de:Douglas Rushkoff]] [[es:Douglas Rushkoff]]'