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'{{short description|Government buildings of the US}} {{more footnotes|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox building | name = United States Capitol Complex | image = Aerial view, United States Capitol building, Washington, D.C LCCN2010630477.tif | caption = Aerial view of the central portion of the United States Capitol Complex looking east (2007) | website = {{URL|https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus}} <br> {{URL|http://www.capitol.gov}} }} The '''United States Capitol Complex''' is a group of twenty buildings and facilities in [[Washington, D.C.]], that are used by the [[federal government of the United States]]. The buildings and grounds within the complex are managed and supervised by the [[Architect of the Capitol]]. ==Buildings and grounds== [[Image:CapitolComplexMap.jpg|thumb|Map of the United States Capitol Complex]] While the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] is the central feature of the complex, other parts of the Capitol Complex include the: *[[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] Office Buildings **[[Cannon House Office Building]] **[[Ford House Office Building]] **[[Longworth House Office Building]] **[[O'Neill House Office Building (2014)|O'Neill House Office Building]] **[[Rayburn House Office Building]] *[[United States Senate|Senate]] Office Buildings **[[Dirksen Senate Office Building]] **[[Hart Senate Office Building]] **[[Russell Senate Office Building]] **[[Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence]] * [[United States federal courts|United States Courts]] Buildings **[[United States Supreme Court Building|Supreme Court Building]] **[[Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building]] *[[Library of Congress]] Buildings **[[John Adams Building]] **[[Thomas Jefferson Building]] **[[James Madison Memorial Building]] *Parks **[[Upper Senate Park]] **[[Lower Senate Park]] **[[Spirit of Justice Park]] **[[Bartholdi Park]] *[[United States Botanic Garden]] *[[Capitol Power Plant]] *[[United States Capitol Visitor Center|Capitol Visitor Center]] *[[United States Capitol#Grounds|The Capitol Grounds]] In addition to the buildings listed above, several [[monument]]s, [[sculpture]]s, and other [[works of art]] are located in and around the Capitol Complex. These include the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] and the ''[[Statue of Freedom]]'' among many others. The westernmost part of the grounds is the Capitol Reflecting Pool, which reflects the Capitol and the [[Ulysses S. Grant Memorial]]. ==History== [[Image:Capitol1846.jpg|thumb|[[Daguerreotype]] of the Capitol, c. 1846]] Construction of the Capitol began in 1792. When built, it was the only existing building for the use by the nation's [[legislature]]. In addition to Congress, the building was also designed to house the [[Library of Congress]], the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]], the [[United States district court|district courts]], and other offices. Following the completion of the building and as the nation grew, so did the size of the Congress. The Capitol and its grounds were enlarged accordingly, and by 1892 the building had reached essentially its present size and appearance (with the exception of the east front extension 1958&ndash;1962 and courtyard infill areas 1991&ndash;1993). Even with the enlargements, Congress eventually grew too big for the building and new facilities had to be constructed to meet the needs of the government. With the moving of the Library of Congress into its [[Thomas Jefferson Building|own building]] in 1897, and with the construction of new office buildings for the House and Senate in the early 20th century, the Capitol Complex was born. Known simply as the "House Office Building" and "Senate Office Building" when they opened in 1908 and 1909, the [[Cannon House Office Building]] and [[Russell Senate Office Building]] became the first buildings solely for use as offices by the House of Representatives and the Senate. These new buildings were heated and provided with electricity by the new [[Capitol Power Plant]] which opened in 1910 and is still used today. [[Image:1923CapitolComplex.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of the United States Capitol Complex, c. 1923]] The 1930s was a decade of major construction within the growing Capitol Complex. In 1933 alone the [[United States Botanic Garden|U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory]], Director's residence, and [[Bartholdi Park]] were completed; the Senate Office Building's First Street wing, which had been omitted during construction for funding reasons, was added; and the Additional House Office Building (later named the [[Longworth House Office Building]]) was occupied. The Supreme Court at last found a permanent home when its [[United States Supreme Court Building|own building]] was completed in 1935. The last building constructed within the complex in this decade was the Library of Congress Annex, now named the [[John Adams Building]], which opened in 1939. Within twenty years, attention returned to the need for more Congressional office space; this led to the construction of a second building for the Senate (now named the [[Dirksen Senate Office Building]]), which was completed in 1958. The House's third building, the [[Rayburn House Office Building]], opened in 1965. [[File:Washington, D.C. - 2007 aerial view.jpg|thumb|Capitol Complex (in foreground, 2007) looking west toward the National Mall]] In the 1970s, two more buildings became available for the House: the former Congressional Hotel, the [[O'Neill House Office Building]] (demolished in 2002), and a larger building originally constructed for the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (now the [[Ford House Office Building]]). A third building for the Library of Congress, the [[James Madison Memorial Building]], opened in 1980 and the Senate's third building, the [[Hart Senate Office Building]], was occupied in 1982. The most recent large structure within the Capitol complex is the [[Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building]], which was opened in 1992. Renovations to the Botanic Garden Conservatory began in September 1997 and continued for four years until December 2001 when the building reopened. The Conservatory's aluminum framework, glazing, interior floors, doors, and lighting were replaced; all electrical, plumbing, and environmental control systems were upgraded, and air conditioning was added to the display halls. The newest addition to the Capitol Complex is the [[United States Capitol Visitor Center|Capitol Visitor Center]]. Despite many delays, the Center opened in December 2008, and includes an exhibition gallery, two theaters, a dining facility, and gift shops. The budget for construction of the center was $584 million. On January 6, 2021, the Capitol was [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|stormed]] by supporters of President Trump after a rally in front of [[The White House]]. A [[United States Capitol Police|Capitol Police]] Officer was wounded and was pronounced dead a day later at a nearby hospital. Additionally, one of the protesters was shot and later pronounced dead at a nearby hospital. A further three deaths from medical emergencies were reported while over a hundred injuries were reported by Capitol Police. ==References== {{Reflist}} Some text from this article came from the public domain webpages of the [[Architect of the Capitol]]: * [http://www.aoc.gov/cc/cc_history.cfm A Brief History of the U.S. Capitol Complex] * [http://www.aoc.gov/cvc/index.cfm The Capitol Visitor Center]{{Dead link|date=March 2021}} ==External links== {{Commons category|United States Capitol}} * [http://www.capitol.gov/ Architect's Virtual Capitol] {{United States Capitol Complex}} {{United States Congress}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|38|53|27|N|77|00|26|W|region:US-DC_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}} [[Category:Buildings of the United States government in Washington, D.C.|Capitol Complex]] [[Category:United States Capitol grounds|Complex]] [[Category:Capitol Hill]]'