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[ 0 => '{{Redirect|Flyswatter|the Eels song|Flyswatter (song)}}', 1 => 'A '''fly-killing device''' is used for [[pest control]] of flying insects, such as [[housefly|houseflies]], [[wasp]]s, [[moth]]s, [[gnat]]s, and [[mosquito]]s. ', 2 => '', 3 => '==Flyswatter==', 4 => '<!-- [[Image:Gewone vliegenmepper.jpg|thumb|A flyswatter]] -->', 5 => '[[File:fly-swatter.jpg|thumb|A typical flyswatter]]', 6 => '', 7 => 'A '''flyswatter''' (or '''fly swatter''') usually consists of a small rectangular or round sheet of some {{convert|10|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} across) of lightweight, flexible, vented material (usually thin metallic, rubber, or plastic [[mesh]]), attached to a lightweight wire or plastic handle about {{convert|30|to|60|cm|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} long. The venting or perforations minimize the disruption of air currents, which can be detected by the fly and allow it to escape, and also reduce [[air resistance]], making it easier to hit a fast-moving target such as a fly.', 8 => '', 9 => 'A flyswatter is ideally lightweight and [[stiffness|stiff]], allowing quick [[acceleration]] to overcome the fast [[reaction time]] of the fly, while also minimizing damage caused by hitting other objects. The flyswatter usually works by mechanically crushing the fly against a hard surface, after the user has waited for the fly to land somewhere. However, some skilled users can injure or stun an airborne insect in mid-flight by whipping the swatter through the air at an extreme speed.', 10 => '', 11 => '===History===', 12 => 'The abeyance of insects by use of short [[horsetail]] staffs and fans is ancient.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} The earliest flyswatters were in fact nothing more than some sort of striking surface attached to the end of a long stick. An early patent on a commercial flyswatter was issued in 1900 to [[Robert R. Montgomery]] who called it a fly-killer.', 13 => '<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US640790A/en|title=Fly-killer.|publisher=}}</ref> Montgomery sold his patent to [[John L. Bennett]], a wealthy inventor and an industrialist who made further improvements on the design.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/07/archives/john-l-bennett-beer-can-pioneer-inventor-diesalso-made-a-better-fly.html?sq=inventor%2520dies&scp=67&st=cse|title=JOHN L. BENNETT, BEER CAN PIONEER; Inventor Dies--Also Made a Better Fly Swatter|publisher=}}</ref>', 14 => '', 15 => 'However, the origin of the name "flyswatter" does not come from its inventors. In the summer of 1905, [[Kansas]] was plagued by an overabundance of flies, which as well as causing annoyance, aided in the spread of [[communicable disease]]. [[Samuel Crumbine|Dr. Samuel Crumbine]], a member of the Kansas board of health, wanted to raise public awareness of the threat of flies. He was inspired by a chant at a local [[Topeka]] [[softball]] game: "swat the ball". In a health bulletin published soon afterwards, he exhorted Kansans to "swat the fly". In response, a schoolteacher named Frank H. Rose created the "fly bat", a device consisting of a [[yardstick]] attached to a piece of screen. Crumbine had named the device now commonly known as the flyswatter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/insects/swatter/|title=The Invention of the Fly Swatter - Screening for Health: Insects & Disease Prevention|language=en-US|access-date=2016-09-22}}</ref>', 16 => '', 17 => '==Fly gun==', 18 => '[[Image:Fly Gun.JPG|thumb|A fly gun]]', 19 => '', 20 => 'The '''fly gun''' (or '''flygun'''), a derivative of the flyswatter, uses a spring-loaded plastic projectile to mechanically "swat" flies. Mounted on the projectile is a perforated circular disk which, according to advertising copy, "won't splat the fly". Several similar products are sold, mostly as [[toy]]s or [[novelty item]]s, although their supporters maintain that they work as well as traditional fly swatters.{{citation needed|date=June 2009}}', 21 => '', 22 => 'Another gun-like design has a pair of mesh sheets spring loaded to 'clap' together when a trigger is pulled, squashing the fly between them. In contrast to the traditional flyswatter, such a design can only be used on an insect in mid-air.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sam-turner.co.uk/gardening/stv-clap-a-fly-swat.html|title=STV Clap-A-fly Swat|website=www.sam-turner.co.uk}}</ref>', 23 => '', 24 => 'Another projectile fly killer is the [[Bug-a-Salt]], a miniaturized [[shotgun]] which shoots a spray of dry [[table salt]] using a spring-compressed air blast similar to a [[BB gun|BB rifle]]. It has an accurate range of about {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and the killed bugs remain whole for easy cleanup. The pneumatic salt-shot approach is claimed to be effective because the high speed, small-sized salt grains are apparently undetected by the targeted fly until it is too late to dodge them.<ref name="wsj">{{cite web|last=Reagan |first=Brad |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444657804578048483443945820?mod=WSJ_Ahed_LEADTop |title=In Latest Bid to Lord Over Flies, One Man Tries Salting Them Away - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=2012-10-14 |accessdate=2013-02-26}}</ref>', 25 => '{{-}}', 26 => '', 27 => '==Fly bottle==', 28 => '[[Image:3 fly-bottles.jpg|thumb|Three fly bottles from [[Central Europe]], beginning of the 20th century]]', 29 => '', 30 => 'A '''fly bottle''' or '''glass flytrap''' is a passive trap for flying insects. In the Far East, it is a large bottle of clear glass with a black metal top in which there is a hole. An odorous bait is placed in the bottom of the bottle in the form of pieces of meat. Flies enter the bottle in search of food and are then unable to escape because their [[phototaxis]] behavior leads them anywhere in the bottle except to the darker top where the entry hole is.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kyokai | first = Toho Bukkyo | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Eastern Buddhist | publisher = Eastern Buddhist Society | year = 1979 | location = Kyoto | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IPcXAAAAIAAJ | doi = | id = | isbn = | page = 36 }}</ref>', 31 => '', 32 => 'A European fly bottle is more conical, with small feet that raise it {{convert|1.25|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}}, with a trough about an {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} wide and deep that runs inside the bottle all around the central opening at the bottom of the container. In use, the bottle is stood on a plate and some sugar is sprinkled on the plate to attract the flies, which eventually fly up into the bottle, whose trough is filled with beer or vinegar, into which the flies fall and drown.<ref>{{cite book | last = Scott | first = John William Robertson | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Countryman | publisher = J.W. Robertson Scott | year = 1953 | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CY43AAAAMAAJ | doi = | id = | isbn =| page = 260 }}</ref> In the past, the trough was also sometimes filled with a dangerous mixture of milk, water, and [[Arsenic trioxide|arsenic]] or [[Mercury(II) chloride|mercury chloride]].<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Glass fly trap, late 19th century | work = Gathering the Jewels | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/small/item/GTJ31101/| format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref>', 33 => '', 34 => 'Variants of these bottles are the agricultural fly traps used to fight the [[Mediterranean fruit fly]] and the [[olive fly]], which have been in use since the 1930s. They are smaller, without feet, and the glass is thicker for rough outdoor usage, often involving suspension in a tree or bush. Modern versions of this device are often made of plastic, and can be purchased in some hardware stores. They can also be improvised from disposable plastic drink bottles.', 35 => '', 36 => '==Disposable fly traps==', 37 => ''''Disposable fly traps''' are small “use and throw away” fly traps. The traps are disposable plastic bags containing some attractant, generally made of flavoring agents that are non-toxic. Water and direct sunlight are used to activate the attractant, which emits a smell to lure the flies. Insects enter the trap and drown in the water inside.', 38 => '', 39 => '==Glue board==', 40 => 'A '''glue board''' is a capture device with a strong adhesive. A small card covered in sticky adhesive is situated in an enclosure so that when the flies come into contact with it, they remain stuck and die there. A reusable glue board may be renewed through the use of vegetable oil, and then removing the oil with [[dishwashing detergent]] and a water rinse. Alternatively, the card is disposed of and completely replaced periodically.', 41 => '', 42 => '==Flypaper==', 43 => '{{main|Flypaper}}', 44 => '[[Image:Fliegenfaenger.jpg|thumb|50px|A sticky fly ribbon]]', 45 => '', 46 => ''''Flypaper''' (also known as '''fly paper''', '''fly sticker''', '''fly strip''', '''fly ribbon''', or '''fly tape''') attracts flies to [[adhesive]] so that they can be trapped. The exposed adhesive strip makes it more stick-prone than an enclosed glue board. To avoid accidental entanglement with humans, the strips are often hung in relatively inaccessible spaces, such as near ceilings. One type of fly strip is packaged in a small cardboard tube with a pin on the top. It is used by pulling the pin off the top (usually covered with wax), removing the adhesive "fly strip" and using the pin to attach it to a ceiling, with the tube dangling below as a small weight. Flypaper is not reused, but is replaced when it loses effectiveness.', 47 => '', 48 => 'Flypaper is often impregnated with a slightly odorous chemical to attract more flies. The attractiveness of flypaper to other insects (such as mosquitos and [[Ceratopogonidae|biting midges]]) is sometimes enhanced by shining a small portable electric light on the sticky surface.', 49 => '', 50 => '==Bug vacuum==', 51 => 'A '''bug vacuum''' ('''bug vac''' or '''aspirator''')<ref name="HockAsp" /> is a type of small but powerful portable vacuum cleaner, usually with internal batteries. The motor starts quickly and generates strong suction, trapping the flying insect inside the device. The insect may be captured on an adhesive internal surface, or simply held inside the device until it [[dehydration|dehydrates]] and dies.', 52 => '', 53 => 'Some bug vacuums feature non-lethal designs which keep trapped insects inside, but do not otherwise harm them, allowing their later release. These devices are popular with amateur and professional [[entomologist]]s, and with persons who wish to avoid the killing of insects.<ref name=HockAsp>{{cite web|title=Aspirators|url=http://johnwhock.com/products/aspirators/|website=John W. Hock Company|accessdate=2015-01-31}}</ref>', 54 => '', 55 => '==Fan-based trap==', 56 => 'This design uses a continuously-running electric fan to suck in flying insects (especially mosquitos and gnats, which are weak fliers), which are then trapped by a fine mesh grid or bag. Unable to escape the constant airflow, the insects quickly dehydrate and die.<ref name="AMCA" /> Some variant designs use [[carbon dioxide]], [[ultraviolet light]], or chemical scent to attract insects to the trap.<ref name="AMCA" /><ref name=HowTraps>{{cite web|title=How Mosquito Traps Work|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306091706/http://www.mosquitotraps.biz/how-they-work.php|website=MosquitoTraps.biz|accessdate=2015-01-31}}</ref> Other designs rely on the natural carbon dioxide or scents emitted by people, pets, or livestock to attract pests, and simply collect flying insects as they wander close enough to be sucked in.<ref name=Skeeterbag>{{cite web|title=How it Works|url=http://skeeterbag.com/wordpress/how-it-works/|website=Skeeterbag mosquito trap kit|publisher=Skeeterbag|accessdate=2014-09-16}}</ref><ref name=AMCA>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://www.mosquito.org/faq|website=AMCA: American Mosquito Control Association|publisher=American Mosquito Control Association|accessdate=2014-09-16}}</ref> In addition, the continuous breeze produced by a common electric fan has been found to discourage mosquitos from landing and biting, even without trapping or killing the insects.<ref name=Broad>{{cite news|last1=Broad|first1=William J.|title=A Low-Tech Mosquito Deterrent|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/16/science/a-low-tech-mosquito-deterrent.html|accessdate=2014-09-16|work=New York Times|date=July 15, 2013}}</ref>', 57 => '', 58 => '==Bug zapper==', 59 => '{{main|Bug zapper}}', 60 => 'A [[bug zapper]] electric grid ('''fly zapper''') kills insects by [[electric shock|electrocution]] from [[high voltage]] on adjacent metallic grids. Bug zappers are generally small appliances intended for use in a fixed location, as distinguished from hand held electric flyswatters.', 61 => '', 62 => '==Electric flyswatter==', 63 => '[[File:flyswatter6.jpg|thumb|An electric flyswatter]]', 64 => '[[File:Flyswatter2.jpg|thumb|Closeup view of three layer grid: mesh and rods oppositely charged]]', 65 => '[[File:Flyswatter3.jpg|thumb|Closeup view of single layer grid: odd and even rods oppositely charged]]', 66 => '', 67 => ''''Electric flyswatters''' (sometimes called '''mosquito bats''', '''racket zappers''',<ref name=Miller>{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Elizabeth|title=Mosquito Racket zappers shock bugs with a wave of your hand|url=http://www.mosquitoreviews.com/racket-zapper.html|website=How to get rid of mosquitoes|publisher=MosquitoReviews.com|accessdate=2015-06-15}}</ref> or '''zap rackets''') are hand-held devices that resemble [[badminton|badminton rackets]] or [[tennis racket]]s, which became popular worldwide in the late 1990s.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} US Patent 5,519,963 was awarded to Taiwanese inventor Tsao-i Shih in 1996 for such a device.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electronic insect-killing swatter|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5519963.html|accessdate= 2012-05-28}}</ref> The handle contains a battery-powered high-voltage generator. The circuit is composed of an [[electronic oscillator]], a step-up [[transformer]] and a [[voltage multiplier]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Indoor Mosquito Bats Explained|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204030819/http://www.brighthubengineering.com/diy-electronics-devices/107500-indoor-mosquito-bats-explained|accessdate=2012-05-28}}</ref> similar to the circuit in an [[electroshock weapon]] or [[Electroshock weapon|stun gun]], but with much lower power.', 68 => '', 69 => 'The grid of the flyswatter is electrically charged to a voltage of between 500 and 2,750 [[volt]]s (V), activated by pressing and holding a button. When the electrically conductive body of a fly nearly bridges the gap between electrodes, a spark jumps through the fly. A [[capacitor]] attached to the electrodes discharges during the spark, and this initial discharge usually stuns or kills the fly. If the button is still pressed, the continuous current will roast and kill the fly. Many flyswatters have a three-layer grid to prevent people from touching both electrodes. The outermost grids or rods are at the same electrical potential, and are open enough to allow an insect to contact the inner charged grid.', 70 => '', 71 => 'Most electric flyswatters conform to electrical safety standards for humans:', 72 => '* a limit on the charge stored in the capacitor: a discharge of less than 45 [[coulomb|microcoulomb]]s (µC) is considered safe, even in the unlikely scenario that the current from a flyswatter would be flowing from one arm to the other arm, partly through the heart.<ref>Electrical Safety Standard [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] 61010-1</ref> This means that the capacitor of a 1000 V flyswatter should be less than 45 [[Farad|nanofarad]]s (nF). Due to this precaution for humans, the initial shock is usually inadequate to kill flies, but will stun them for long enough that they can be disposed of.', 73 => '* A limit on the current after the initial discharge: the maximal continuous current of most flyswatters is less than 5 [[ampere|milliamp]]s (mA). This current is safe, even when flowing from one arm to the other arm of a human.<ref>Electrical Safety Standard [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] 479-1</ref>', 74 => '', 75 => 'An advantage over conventional flyswatters is that the electrical models do not have to mechanically crush the fly against a hard surface to kill it, avoiding the smeared mess this can create.<ref name=ZapRacket>{{cite web|title=Lightweight Rechargeable Bug Zapper with Detachable Power Cord|url=http://zapracket.com/|website=Zap Racket|accessdate=2015-06-15}}</ref> Also, the electrical grid can be relatively open, reducing air resistance and a rush of air that often deflects smaller insects around conventional swatters. Because of this, electric swatters can also be very effective in killing airborne mosquitos and sandflies.', 76 => '', 77 => '==See also==', 78 => '{{commons category|Fly swatters}}', 79 => '{{wiktionary}}', 80 => '* [[Bug-a-Salt]]', 81 => '* [[Fly-whisk]]', 82 => '* [[Mosquito control]]', 83 => '* [[Venus flytrap]]', 84 => '* [[Sundew|Sundew plant]]', 85 => '* [[Pitcher plant]]', 86 => '* [[Carnivorous plant]]', 87 => '', 88 => '==References==', 89 => '{{Reflist|30em}}', 90 => '', 91 => '[[Category:Mechanical hand tools]]', 92 => '[[Category:Insect control]]', 93 => '[[Category:Pest trapping]]', 94 => '[[Category:Flies and humans]]', 95 => '', 96 => '[[es:Matamoscas]]' ]