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'{{About|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|other organisations with similar names|Jamaat-e-Islami (disambiguation)}} {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} {{refimprove|date= January 2013}} {{Infobox political party | party_name = The Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan | Facebook Add = http://www.facebook.com/jamaat.org | name_native = جماعتِ اسلامی | party_logo = [[Image:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan flag.PNG|150px]] | leader1_title = Ameer | leader1_name = [[Siraj ul Haq]]<ref name="ET: Siraj replaces Munawar">{{cite news|title=Sirajul Haq replaces Munawar Hassan as chief of Jamaat-e-Islami|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/689135/sirajul-haq-replaces-munawar-hassan-as-chief-of-jamaat-e-islami/|accessdate=30 March 2014|newspaper=The Express Tribune|date=30 March 2014}}</ref> | Facebook add = http://www.facebook.com/SyedMunawarHasan | leader2_title = General Secretary | leader2_name = [[Liaqat Baloch]] | leader3_title = Naib Ameer | leader3_name = [[Khurshid Ahmad (Islamic scholar)|Khurshid Ahmed]], <br/>Muhammad Aslam Saleemi, <br/>Muhammad Kamal. | colorcode = green | colors = Green, white, blue | foundation = {{start date|1941|8|26|df=y}} | founder = [[Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi]] | ideology = [[Islamism]]<br/>[[Social conservatism]]<br/>[[Islamic democracy]] | international = [[Muslim Brotherhood]] | position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] | seats1_title = [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] | seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|4|342|hex= #00AAE4}} | seats2_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK Assembly]] | seats2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|8|124|hex= #00AAE4}} | symbol = [[Balance]] | website = [http://jamaat.org/beta/site/index http://jamaat.org] | headquarters = [[Mansoorah, Lahore|Mansoorah]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan }} {{Islamism sidebar}} '''Jamaat-e-Islami''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu:]] جماعتِ اسلامی, JI) is a [[Social conservatism|socially conservative]], [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. Its objective is to make Pakistan an [[Islamic state]], governed by [[Sharia law]].<ref name="Haqqani (2010)"/>{{rp|page=122}} JI opposes concepts such as capitalism, liberalism, socialism and [[secularism]] as well as practices such as offering bank interest. It promotes [[Islamic democracy]] as part of its main [[Political aspects of Islam|agenda]]. JI is a [[vanguard party]]: its members form an ''elite'', with "affiliates" and then "sympathizers" beneath them. The party leader is called an ''[[Emir|ameer]]''.<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=70}} JI was founded in Lahore in 1941 (then part of British ruled India) by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, [[Abul Ala Maududi]].<ref>van der Veer P. and Munshi S. (eds.) [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pAm_YptXTPMC&pg=PA153&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6itSU_7dNovHkwWchICIAw&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia."] Psychology Press, 2004 p138. ISBN 0415331404, 9780415331401.</ref> In 1947, JI moved its operations to [[West Pakistan|West-Pakistan]] after [[Pakistan Movement|Independence]].<ref name="Guidere (2012)"/>{{rp|page=223}}(Members who remained in India, formed an independent organisation called [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]]). In 1971, during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], JI opposed the independence of Bangladesh. However, in 1975, it established a new branch, [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] in the new nation. The JI maintains close ties with other international Muslim groups.<ref name="Haqqani (2010)"/>{{rp|page=171}} ==History== Jamaat-e-Islami was founded on 26 August 1941, at Islamia Park, Lahore.<ref name="Guidere (2012)"/>{{rp|page=li}} It began as a [[Islam]]ist social and political movement. Seventy-five people attended the first meeting. JI began by volunteering in refugee camps; performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for [[Eid-ul-Azha]]. Its founder, [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1903 - 1971), who was an Islamist philosopher and political commentator, wrote about the role of Islam in South Asia.<ref name="Kepel (2006)">Kepel G. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&pg=PA441&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rYRTU_DpEY7HlAXW4oHwAQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam."] I.B.Tauris, 2006 p.34 ISBN 1845112571, 9781845112578.</ref> He was a key figure in the [[Pakistan Movement|movement]] for the independence of Pakistan. His thought was influenced by many factors including the [[Khilafat Movement]]; [[Mustafa Kemal Ataturk]]'s ascension at the end of the [[Ottoman Caliphate]]; and the impact of [[Indian Nationalism]], the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Hindu]]ism on [[Muslim]]s in India. In 1940, at the time of the [[Pakistan Resolution]], Maududi taught that Pakistan was destined to be an Islamic missionary nation. This was in comparison to scholars of the Indian Congress who promoted the formation of a sub-continent united against [[British Empire|British rule]]. To Maududi, a united sub-continent would be worse than British rule. He likened the Congress to [[Robert Clive]], and [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]], and Muslim followers of the Congress to collaborators like [[Mir Jafar]] and [[Mir Sadiq]]. He compared nationalism and communism to the [[Shuddhi]] movement. Maududi criticised [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first prime minister of India, alleging that he opposed religion, was an enemy of any division on basis of faith and planned to merge Islam into the Hindu faith. Maududi also criticised the nationalist, [[Husain Ahmad Madani]] for promoting unity through a combined governance and justice system or a majority based political system. The Joint Secretary of the All India Muslim League and expert in constitutional law and Islam, [[Zafar Ahmed Ansari]], supported Maududi's stance. === Maududi === [[File:Abul ala maududi.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Abul ala Maududi]] During the prime-ministership of [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]] (July 1946 - August 1947), JI argued for a separate voting system for different religious communities. Suhrawardy convened a session of the National Assembly at [[Dhaka]] and through an alliance with Republicans, his party passed a bill for a mixed voting system. In 1953, JI opposed the [[Ahmadiyya]], leading to the [[Lahore riots of 1953]] and the declaration of selective [[martial law]]. The military leader, [[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan]] had Maududi and [[Rahimuddin Khan]] arrested and sentenced to death for [[sedition]] (writing anti-Ahmadiyya pamphlets). Maududi preferred [[martyr]]dom over clemency. However, under public pressure, his death sentence was commuted to life in prison and eventually annulled. Many JI supporters were imprisoned during this time. The fight continued until the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956]], which JI supported, was adopted by [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]] . In 1958, JI formed an alliance with [[Abdul Qayyum Khan]] (Muslim League) and Chudhary Muhammad Ali (Nizam-e-Islami party). The alliance destabilised the presidency of [[Iskander Mirza]] (1956 - 1958) and Pakistan returned to martial law. The military ruler, the president [[Muhammad Ayub Khan]] (1958 - 1964), banned political parties and warned Maududi against continued political activism. JI supported the opposition party, the [[Pakistan Democratic Movement]] (PDM). In the 1964 - 1965 presidential elections, JI supported the opposition leader, [[Fatima Jinnah]]. In 1965, during the [[Indo-Pakistani war]], JI supported the government's call for [[jihad]], presenting patriotic speeches on [[Radio Pakistan]] and seeking support from Arab and Central Asian countries. The group resisted [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] and [[Maulana Bhashani]]'s socialist program of the time. JI's political platform for the [[Pakistani general election, 1970|1970 general election]], advocated political freedom of the provinces and Islamic law based on the Quran and Sunnah. There would be separation of the powers (judiciary and legislature); basic rights for minorities (such as equal employment opportunities and the ''Bonus Share Scheme'' allowing factory workers to own shares in their employers' companies); and a policy of strong relationships with the [[Muslim world]]. Just prior to the election, [[Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan]] left the alliance leaving JI to run against the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and the [[Awami League]]. JI won four seats in the national assembly and four in the provincial assembly. JI opposed the [[Awami League]] East Pakistani separatist movement.<ref name="Haqqani (2010)">Haqqani H. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&pg=PA171&dq=jamaat-e-islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=htRQU9DlIcSikgWrkoDIDQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jamaat-e-islami&f=false "Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military."] Carnegie Endowment, 2010 ISBN 0870032852, 9780870032851</ref>{{rp|page=100}} [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] organised the [[Al-Badar]] to fight the [[Mukti Bahini]] (Bengali liberation forces). In 1971, during the [[Bangladesh liberation war]], JI members may have collaborated with the Pakistani army in the killing and raping of Bengali civilians.<ref>Arefin S. [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/123751015/Muktijuddho-Ekattor---Punished-war-criminals-under-Dalal-law "Muktijuddho '71: Punished War Criminals Under Dalal Law."] Bangladesh Research and Publications.</ref><ref>[http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?page_id=14] Bangladesh Genocide Archive website. Accessed 9 March 2013.</ref><ref>Nabi N. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=F_OUc-TvGOIC&pg=PA108&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rYRTU_DpEY7HlAXW4oHwAQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAzgo#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "Bullets of '71: A Freedom Fighter's Story."] AuthorHouse, 2010 p.108 ISBN 1452043833, 9781452043838.</ref> In 1972, Maududi resigned citing poor health. In October 1972, the ''Majlis-e-Shoura'' (council) elected [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]] (1914 - 2009), the new leader of JI. === Tufail === [[File:Mian Tufail Muhammad.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Mian Tufail Muhammad]] Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1973 - 1977) attempted to suppress JI through the assassination of Nazir Ahmed and the imprisonment and victimisation of JI and [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] members. There were electoral irregularities at the 1975 elections with JI members being arrested in order to prevent them from lodging their nomination papers.<ref name="Haqqani (2010)"/>{{rp|page=120}} However, by 1976, JI had 2 million registrants. In 1977, Maududi, who had been arrested, called on Islamist parties to commence a campaign of [[civil disobedience]]. The [[Sunni]] led government of [[Saudi Arabia]] intervened to secure Maududi's release from prison warning of revolution in Pakistan. JI assisted the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] (PNA) to oust Bhutto and met with Zia-ul-Haq for ninety minutes on the night before Bhutto was hanged.<ref name="Haqqani (2010)"/>{{rp|page=139}} Initially, JI supported the president, [[General Zia-ul-Haq]] (1977 - 1987).<ref name="Haqqani (2010)"/>{{rp|page=123}} In turn, Zia's use of Islamist rhetoric gave JI importance in public life beyond the size of its membership.<ref name="Osella (2013)">Osella F. and Osella C. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA479&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6itSU_7dNovHkwWchICIAw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "Islamic Reform in South Asia."] Cambridge University Press, 2013 p479. ISBN 1107031753, 9781107031753.</ref> However, Zia failed to deliver timely elections and was dictatorial. When Zia banned [[student union]]s, [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] and pro-JI labor unions protested. However, JI did not participate in the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]'s [[Movement for the Restoration of Democracy]]. JI also supported Zia's [[Jihad]] against the [[Soviet War in Afghanistan]] and became part of the [[Peshawar seven]].<ref name="Guidere (2012)"/>{{rp|page=272}} Such conundrums caused tension in JI based on conflict between ideology and politics.<ref name="Kepel (2006)"/>{{rp|page=104}}<ref name="Osella (2013)"/> In 1987, Mian Tufail declined further service as head of JI for health reasons and [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] was elected.1111111111111111111111111111111232ddssfsywrqwwwwwwwwmusharaf pagal === Ahmad === In 1987, when Zia died, the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] formed the [[right-wing]] alliance, [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad]] (IJI).<ref name="Osella (2013)"/>{{rp|page=180}} In 1990 when [[Nawaz Sharif]] came to power, JI boycotted the cabinet on the basis that the Pakistan Peoples' Party and the Pakistan Muslim League were problematic to equal degrees. In the [[Pakistani general election, 1993|election of 1993]], JI won three seats. In this year, JI was a member of the newly formed All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) which promotes the independence of Jammu and Kashmir from India.<ref name="Guidere (2012)"/>{{rp|page=26}} Prior to this, JI had allegedly set up the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, a Kashmir liberation militia to oppose the Kashmir Liberation Front which fights for the complete independence of the Kashmir region.<ref name="Guidere (2012)"/>{{rp|page=127}} Ahmad left his position in the Senate in protest against corruption.<ref name="Adel (2012)">Adel G. H. et al (eds.) [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RS73Xn1Gjv8C&pg=PA67&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=B0tSU5OvEY3pkgWmroDYCA&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "Muslim Organisations in the Twentieth Century: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam."] EWI Press, 2012 p.67 ISBN 1908433094, 9781908433091.</ref> JI then boycotted the [[Pakistani general election, 1997|1997 election]] and therefore lost representation in parliament. However, the party remained politically active, for example, protesting the arrival of the Indian prime minister, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], in Lahore. [[File:911 fireman emerges from the smoke.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Fireman emerges from the smoke in Manhattan on 11 September 2001]] In 1999, [[Pervez Musharraf]] took power in a [[military coup]]. JI, at first, welcomed the general but then objected when Musharraf began to make secular reforms and then again in 2001, when Pakistan joined [[War on terrorism]], alleging Musharraf had betrayed the [[Taliban]]. JI condemned the events of 11 September 2001 but equally condemned the US when Afghanistan was entered.<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=69}} Some members of [[Al Quaida]], for example, [[Khalid Sheik Mohammed]], were arrested in Pakistan in homes owned by supporters of JI.<ref>Gannon K. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GPsnizjHBx4C&pg=PA158&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=B0tSU5OvEY3pkgWmroDYCA&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "I Is for Infidel: From Holy War to Holy Terror in Afghanistan."] PublicAffairs, 2006 p.158 ISBN 1586484524, 9781586484521.</ref><ref>Spencer R. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=xGE5YshINtMC&pg=PA244&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rYRTU_DpEY7HlAXW4oHwAQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBTgo#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "Onward Muslim Soldiers: How Jihad Still Threatens America and the West."] Regnery Publishing, 2003 p.244 ISBN 0895261006, 9780895261007.</ref> In 2002, JI made an alliance of religious parties called [[Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal]] (MMA) (United Council of Action) and won 53 seats, including most of those representing the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] Province.<ref name="Guidere (2012)">Guidere M. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA356&dq=jamaat+e+islami&hl=en&sa=X&ei=B0tSU5OvEY3pkgWmroDYCA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=jamaat%20e%20islami&f=false "Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism."] Scarecrow Press, 2012 p356 ISBN 0810879654, 9780810879652.</ref> JI continued its opposition to the War on terrorism, particularly the presence of American troops and agencies in Pakistan. JI also called for restoration of judiciary. [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] gave his resignation from the National Assembly when visiting the camp of victims of an attack in [[Lal Masjid]]. In 2006, JI opposed the [[Women's Protection Bill]] saying it did not need to be scrapped but instead, be applied in a fairer way and more and be more clearly understood by judges. Ahmed said, : "Those who oppose [these] laws are only trying to run away from Islam...These laws do not affect women adversely. Our system wants to protect women from unnecessary worry and save them the trouble of appearing in court."<ref name="Haqqani (2010)"/>{{rp|page=145}} Samia Raheel Qazi, MP and daughter of Ahmed stated, :"We have been against the bill from the start. The [[Hudood Ordinance]] was devised by a highly qualified group of [[Ulema]], and is beyond question". === Hassan === In 2008, JI and [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] again boycotted the [[Pakistani general election, 2008|elections]]. Ahmad declined reelection and [[Syed Munawar Hassan]] became ameer. === Siraj ul Haq === [[File:Siraj ul Haq 2014-04-01 01-08.jpeg|thumb|upright=1.2|Siraj ul Haq]] On 30 March 2014, [[Siraj ul Haq]] became ameer.<ref name="ET: Siraj replaces Munawar"/> He resigned from his role as senior minister of the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] Province. This coincided with a drone attack on [[Madrassa]], [[Bajour Agency]]. == Organizations == JI provides unions for doctors, teachers, lawyers, farmers, workers and women, for example, [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] (IJT) and Islami Jamaat-e-Talibaat (its female branch)<ref name="Guidere (2012)"/>{{rp|page=181}} a [[Students' union]] and [[Shabab e Milli]], a youth group. The party has a number of publications from affiliated agencies such as Idara Marif-e-Islami, Lahore, the Islamic Research Academy, Karachi, Idara Taleemi Tehqeeq, Lahore, the Mehran Academy, and the [[Institute of Regional Studies]]. The "Islami Nizamat-e-Taleem" led by [[Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed]], is an educational body that includes 63 Baithak schools. ''Rabita-ul-Madaris Al-Islamia'' supports 164 JI [[Madrasa]]s. JI also operates the "Hira Pakistan Project" and "Al Ghazali Trust". The Al-Khidmat Foundation is JI's humanitarian [[NGO]]. Its predecessor, organised in the mid 1990s was the Al-Khidmat Trust. The foundation administers schools, women's vocational centres, adult literacy programs, hospitals and mobile chemists and other welfare programs. In this respect, JI interacts with the general market.<ref name="Osella (2013)"/>{{rp|page=480}} == Leaders == * [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1940 - 1972) * [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]] (1972 - 1987) * [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]], (1987 - 2008) * [[Khurram Murad]] * [[Syed Munawar Hassan]] (2008 - 2014) * [[Liaqat Baloch]], qayyam * [[Khurshid Ahmad (Islamic scholar)]] * [[Mohammad Kamal]] * [[Siraj ul Haq]] (2014 - ) ==See also== * [[Israr Ahmed]] * [[Javed Ahmed Ghamdi]] * [[Sayed Ahmad Khan]] * [[Amin Ahsan Islahi]] * [[Allamah]] [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]] * [[Abdul Qader Molla]] * [[Motiur Rahman Nizami]] == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{Official website|http://jamaat.org}} {{en icon}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/ji.htm Profile: Jamaat-e-Islami & Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi] GlobalSecurity.org * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4470254.stm Bangladesh ruling party expels MP] [[BBC]], 25 November 2005 * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4320078.stm Pakistan rulers claim poll boost] [[BBC]], 7 October 2005 * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4156808.stm Who's afraid of the six-party alliance?] [[BBC]], 17 August 2005 * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4155474.stm Pakistan 'hate' paper crackdown] [[BBC]], 16 August 2005 * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/religion/Story/0,,1548826,00.html Radical links of UK's 'moderate' Muslim group] [[Martin Bright]], [[The Observer]], 14 August 2005 * [http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1993_rpt/house_repub_report.html Congressional Report: The New Islamist International](from [[Federation of American Scientists|FAS]] site) [[Bill McCollum]], US Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 1 February 1993. * [http://tanzeem.org Tanzeem-e-Islami (Tehreek-e-Khilafah)] {{Pakistani political parties}} {{IslamismSA}} {{Islamism}} {{Pakistan topics}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jamaat-E-Islami}} [[Category:Far-right political parties in Pakistan]] [[Category:Islam in Pakistan]] [[Category:Islamic organizations]] [[Category:Islamist groups]] [[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami|*Main]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1941]] [[Category:Right-wing populism]]'