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{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan<br/>Islamic Assembly of Pakistan
| logo = Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Logo.png
| logo_size = 150px
| colorcode = {{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}
| abbreviation = JIP
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1941|08|26}} in [[Islamia Park]], [[Lahore]], [[British India]] <br/> {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1947}} in Pakistan
| ideology = [[Islamism]]<br>[[Panislamism]]<br>[[Islamic revivalism]]<br>[[Social conservatism]]
| headquarters = [[Multan Road]], [[Mansoorah, Lahore|Mansoorah]], [[Lahore]]
| international = [[Muslim Brotherhood]]<br/> [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind|JI (Hind)]]<br/> [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|JI (Bangladesh)]]<br/> [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|JI (Kashmir)]]<br/>[[UK Islamic Mission]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.jamaat.org/}} {{in lang|ur}}
| country = Pakistan
| native_name = {{lang|ur|جماعت اسلامی پاکستان}}
| leader1_title = [[Emir|Ameer]]
| leader1_name = [[Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman]]
| leader2_title = [[Naib]] [[Emir|Ameer]]
| leader2_name = [[Liaqat Baloch]]<ref name="Family from Lahore always 'selected', we weren’t: Bilawal">{{Cite news|date=2021-03-23|title=Family from Lahore always 'selected', we weren't: Bilawal|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/808519-family-from-lahore-always-selected-we-weren-t-bilawal|access-date=2021-08-26|work=The News International (newspaper)}}</ref>
| secretary_general = [[Abdul Majeed Badini]]
| colors = {{colour box|#008000}}{{colour box|#FFFFFF}}{{colour box|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}} Green, white, blue
| founder = [[Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi]]
| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]
| student_wing = [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]]
| wing1_title = Labour wing
| wing1 = [[National Labour Federation (Pakistan)|National Labour Federation]]
| wing2_title = Welfare wing
| wing2 = [[Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan|Alkhidmat Foundation]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/865975-alkhidmat-spent-rs8-2bn-in-a-year-on-welfare|title=Alkhidmat spent Rs 8.2bn in a year on welfare|date=19 July 2021|access-date=17 September 2021|work=[[The News International]]}}</ref>
| youth_wing = [[JI Youth]]<ref name="ET: JI launches its youth wing">{{cite news|title=JI launches it youth wing|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1219955/|access-date=16 November 2015|work=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=16 November 2015}}</ref>
|womens_wing = Jamaat-e-Islami Women's Wing
| newspaper = [[Daily Jasarat]]
| seats1_title = [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|100|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats2_title = [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|336|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Balochistan|Balochistan Assembly]]
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|1|65|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats5_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK Assembly]]
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|0|128|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats6_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh|Sindh Assembly]]
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|2|168|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats7_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab|Punjab Assembly]]
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|0|371|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats8_title = [[Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly|GB Assembly]]
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|0|33|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats9_title = [[Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Azad Kashmir Assembly]]
| seats9 = {{Composition bar|0|49|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| flag = Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Flag.svg
| symbol = [[File:Balance-Scale.svg|150px]]
| national = [[Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/world/pakistan-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-against-govt-in-balochistans-pishin/2039570/ | title=Pakistan: Opposition alliance launches protest movement against govt in Balochistan's Pishin | date=13 April 2024 }}</ref>
}}
{{Islamism sidebar}}
[[File:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Logo.svg|thumb|right|The logo used on Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan's [[Facebook]] page.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1 |title=Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan |via=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>]]
'''Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan''' ('''JIP'''), is a Pakistani [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. It is the Pakistani successor to [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], which was founded in [[colonial India]] in 1941.<ref name="NG336"/> JIP is a "[[vanguard party]]", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an "[[Emir|ameer]]".<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=70}} Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with [[Deobandi]] and [[Barelvi]] (represented by [[Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F)|Jamiat Ulema-e Islam]] political party and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan]] party respectively).<ref name=roy-88>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Olivier|title=The Failure of Political Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88 88]|isbn=9780674291409 |quote=Islam in Pakistan is divided into three tendencies: the Jamaat, which is the Islamist party and which, although it does not have extensive popular roots, is politically influential; the 'deobandi' , administered by fundamentalists and reformist ulamas; and the Barelvi, which recruits from popular and Sufi Islamic circles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=bin Mohamed Osman |first1=Mohamed Nawab |title=The Ulama in Pakistani Politics |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=230–247 |issn=0085-6401 |doi=10.1080/00856400903049499 |s2cid=219698819 |ref={{sfnref|bin Mohamed Osman, The Ulama in Pakistani Politics|2009}}}}</ref>
[[Jamaat-e-Islami]] was founded in [[Islamia Park]], [[Lahore]], [[British India]] in 1941 by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, [[Abul Ala Maududi]], who was widely influenced by the [[Sharia]] based reign of the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Roy|title=Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State|date=2010|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781136950360}}</ref> At the time of the [[Indian independence movement]], Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami actively worked to [[opposition to the partition of India|oppose the partition of India]].<ref name="Oh2007"/><ref name="NG336"/><ref name="Gupta2016"/> In 1947, following the [[partition of India]], the Jamaat split into two organisations, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]] (the Indian wing).<ref>{{citation |last=Ahmad |first=Irfan |chapter=The Jewish hand: the response of the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind |editor1=Peter van der Veer |editor2=S. Munshi |title=Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAm_YptXTPMC&pg=PA138 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2004 |page=138 |isbn=9780415331401}}</ref>{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=223}} Other wings of Jamaat include [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]], founded in 1953, [[#Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir]] founded in 1974, and [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]], founded in 1975.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=171}}
Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan came under severe government repression in 1948, 1953, and 1963.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=97}} During the early years of the regime of General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]], Jamaat-e-Islami's position improved and it became seen as the "regime's ideological and political arm", with party members at times holding cabinet portfolios of information and broadcasting, production, and water, power and natural resources.<ref>Kepel, ''Jihad'', (2002), pp.98, 100, 101</ref>{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=138}}
In 1971, during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], JIP opposed the independence of Bangladesh.<ref>{{harvp|Schmid|2011|p=600}}; {{harvp|Tomsen|2011|p=240}}</ref> However, in 1975, it established Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh with Abbas Ali Khan as the first ameer.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=171}} Since the early 1980s, it has also developed close links with Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir and acted as the vanguard of the [[Kashmir insurgency|armed insurgency]] in that province.{{sfn|Jamal|2009|loc=Chapters 3–4}}{{sfn|Sirrs|2016|pp=157–161}}
==History==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Growth of JIP<ref name="growth-371">{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Richard C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVcUAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A-L |date=2004 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-865604-5}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan=1 colspan=1|Year
!rowspan=1 colspan=1|Members<br /> (''Arkan'')
!rowspan=1 colspan=1|Sympathizers and workers<br />(''Hum-Khayal'')
|-
|1941||75|| (unknown)
|-
|1951||659||2,913
|-
|1989||5,723||305,792
|-
|2003||16,033||4.5 million
|-
|2017||37000||(unknown)
|-
!colspan=3|<small>SOURCE: ''Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World'' (2004)</small><ref name=growth-371/>
|}
===Syed Abul A'la Maududi (1941–1972)===
Jamaat-e-Islami's founder and leader until 1972 was [[Abul A'la Maududi]], a widely read Islamist philosopher and political commentator, who wrote about the role of Islam in South Asia.<ref name=kepel-34 /> His thought was influenced by many factors including the [[Khilafat Movement]]; [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]'s ascension at the end of the [[Ottoman Caliphate]]; and the impact of [[Indian Nationalism]], the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Hindu]]ism on [[Muslims]] in India. He supported what he called "Islamization from above", through an Islamic state in which sovereignty would be exercised in the name of Allah and Islamic law (''[[sharia]]'') would be implemented. Maududi believed politics was "an integral, inseparable part of the Islamic faith, and that the Islamic state that Muslim political action seeks to build" would not only be an act of piety but would also solve the many (seemingly non-religious) social and economic problems that Muslims faced.<ref name=kepel-34/>{{sfnp|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994|p=7}}
[[File:Secreteriate Jamaat-e-Islami Punjab.jpg|thumb|Jamaat-e-Islami Headquarter in Lahore]]
Maududi opposed British rule but also opposed the Muslim nationalist movement (nationalism being un-Islamic) and their plan for a circumscribed "Muslim state". Maududi agitating instead for an "Islamic state" covering the whole of India<ref name=kepel-34>{{cite book|last1=Kepel|first1=Gilles|title=Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam|date=2002|publisher=Belknap Press|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&q=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA441|isbn=9781845112578|ref=GKJ2002}}</ref> – this despite the fact, Muslims made up only about one quarter of India's population.
Jamaat-e-Islami thus actively [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]], with its leader Maulana Abul A'la Maududi arguing that concept violated the Islamic doctrine of the [[ummah]].<ref name="Oh2007"/><ref name="NG336"/><ref name="Gupta2016">{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Shekhar |title=Why Zakir Naik is dangerous |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-zakir-naik-is-dangerous/20160718.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> The Jamaat-e-Islami saw the partition as creating a temporal border that would divide Muslims from one another.<ref name="Oh2007">{{cite book |last1=Oh |first1=Irene |title=The Rights of God: Islam, Human Rights, and Comparative Ethics |url=https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir |url-access=limited |date=2007 |publisher=[[Georgetown University Press]] |isbn=978-1-58901-463-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir/page/n52 45]|quote=In the debate over whether Muslims should establish their own state, separate from a Hindu India, Maududi initially argued against such a creation and asserted that the establishment of a political Muslim state defined by borders violated the idea of the universal ''umma''. Citizenship and national borders, which would characterize the new Muslim state, contradicted the notion that Muslims should not be separated by one another by these temporal boundaries. In this milieu, Maududi founded the organization Jama'at-i Islamic. ... The Jama'at for its first few years worked actively to prevent the partition, but once partition became inevitable, it established offices in both Pakistan and India.}}</ref><ref name="NG336">{{cite book |last1=Rasheed, Nighat |title=A critical study of the reformist trends in the Indian Muslim society during the nineteenth century |page=336 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/52379/13/13_chapter%207.pdf#page=74 |access-date=2 March 2020 |quote=The Jama'at -i-Islami was founded in 1941. Maulana Maududi being its founder strongly opposed the idea of creating Pakistan, a separate Muslim country, by dividing India, but surprisingly after the creation of Pakistan he migrated to Lahore. Again in the beginning he was opposed to and denounced the struggle for Kashmir as un-Islamic, for which he was imprisoned in 1950, but later on in 1965, he changed his views and endorsed the Kashmir war as Jihad. Maulana Maududi took an active part in demanding discriminative legislation and executive action against the Ahmadi sect leading to widespread rioting and violence in Pakistan. He was persecuted arrested and imprisoned for advocating his political ideas through his writings and speeches. During the- military regime from 1958 the Jama'at-iIslami was banned and was revived only in 1962, Maududi was briefly imprisoned. He refused to apologize for his actions or to request clemency from the government. He demanded his freedom to speak and accepted the punishment of death as the will of God. His fierce commitment to his ideals caused his supporters worldwide to rally for his release and the government acceded commuting his death sentence to a term of life imprisonment. Eventually the military government pardoned Maulana Maududi completely.}}</ref>
===Founding of JIP in colonial India===
{{Main|Jamaat-e-Islami}}
[[Jamaat-e-Islami]] was founded in [[colonial India]] on August 26, 1941 at [[Islamia Park]] in the city of [[Lahore]], before the [[Partition of India]].{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=li}} JIP began as an [[Islamism|Islamist]] social and political movement. Seventy-five people attended the first meeting and became the first members of the movement. Maulana [[Amin Ahsan Islahi]], Maulana [[Naeem Siddiqui]], Maulana Muhammad Manzoor Naumanai and Maulana [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]] (although he left after a few years)<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Sayyid Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi |url=https://abulhasanalinadwi.org/books/Biography.pdf}}</ref> were among the founders of Jamaat-e-Islami along with Syed Abul Ala Maududi.<ref>Edara Manshoraat, Mansora Lahore 1980, pp5-25</ref>
Maududi saw his group as a vanguard of Islamic revolution following the footsteps of early Muslims who gathered in Medina to found an Islamic state.<ref name=kepel-34 />{{sfnp|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994|p=7}} JIP was and is strictly and hierarchically organised in a pyramid-like structure, working toward the common goal of establishing an ideological Islamic society, particularly though educational and social work, under the leadership of its emirs (commanders or leaders).<ref name=growth-371 /> As a vanguard party, its fully-fledged members (''arkan'') are intended to be leaders and devoted to the party, but there is also a category of much more numerous sympathizers and workers (''karkun'').
The emir is obliged by the party constitution to consult an assembly called the ''shura''. The JIP also developed sub-organisations, such as those for women and students.<ref name="growth-371"/> JIP began by volunteering in refugee camps; performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for [[Eid-ul-Azha]].
JIP had a number of unique features. All members, including its founder Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah – the traditional act of converts to Islam – when they joined. This was a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic perspective, but to some implied that "the Jamaat stood before Muslim society as Islam before [[jahiliyah]]", (pre-Islamic ignorance).<ref>{{harvp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=110}}: "All members, including Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah when they joined, in a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic Perspective."</ref> After Pakistan was formed, it forbade Pakistanis to take an oath of allegiance to the state until it became Islamic, arguing that a Muslim could in clear conscience render allegiance only to God.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=42}}{{sfnp|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994|pp=119-120}}
===Pakistan===
;Creation and early years
Following the Partition of India, Maududi and JIP migrated from East Punjab to [[Lahore]] in Pakistan. There they volunteered to help the thousands of refugees pouring into the country from India<ref name=Adams-102>Adams, Charles J., "Mawdudi and the Islamic State," in John L. Esposito, ed., ''Voices of Resurgent Islam'', (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, p.102)</ref> – performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics; and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for [[Eid-ul-Azha]].
During the prime-ministership of [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]] (September 1956 – October 1957), JIP argued for a separate voting system for different religious communities. Suhrawardy convened a session of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] at [[Dhaka]] and through an alliance with Republicans, his party passed a bill for a mixed voting system.
In 1951, it ran candidates for office, but did not do well. JIP found it was more successful in promoting its cause in the streets.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=43}} The election also occasioned a split in the party with the JIP shura passing a resolution in support of the party withdrawing from politics but Maududi arguing for continued involvement. Maududi prevailed and several senior JIP leaders resigned in protest. All this strengthened Maududi's position still further and "a cult of personality began to grow up around him."{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=43}}
In 1953, JIP led "direct action" against the [[Ahmadiyya]], who the JIP believed should be declared non-Muslims. In March 1953, [[Lahore riots of 1953|riots in Lahore]] started leading to looting, arson and the killing of at least 200 Ahmadis and the declaration of selective [[martial law]]. The military leader, [[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan]] had Maududi arrested and [[Rahimuddin Khan]] sentenced him to death for [[sedition]] (writing anti-Ahmadiyya pamphlets). Many JIP supporters were imprisoned during this time.
The [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|1956 Constitution]] was adopted after [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956#Islamic provisions|accommodating]] many of the demands of the JIP. Maududi endorsed the constitution and claimed it a victory for Islam.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=44}} In 1958, JIP formed an alliance with [[Abdul Qayyum Khan]] (Muslim League) and [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]] ([[Nizam-e-Islam Party]]). The alliance destabilised the presidency of [[Iskander Mirza]] (1956–1958), and Pakistan returned to martial law. The military ruler, the president [[Ayub Khan|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] (1958–1964), had a modernising agenda and opposed the encroachment of religion into politics. He banned political parties and warned Maududi against continued religio-political activism. JIP offices were closed down, funds were confiscated and Maududi was imprisoned in 1964 and 1967.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=44}}
JIP supported the opposition party, the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM). In the 1964–1965 presidential elections, JIP supported the opposition leader, [[Fatima Jinnah]], despite its opposition to women in politics.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=44}}
In 1965, during the [[Indo-Pakistani war]], JIP supported the government's call for [[jihad]], presenting patriotic speeches on [[Radio Pakistan]] and seeking support from Arab and Central Asian countries. The group resisted [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] and [[Maulana Bhashani]]'s socialist program of the time.
By the end of 1969, the Jamaat-e-Islami was spearheading a major "campaign for the protection of ideology of Pakistan," which it believed was under threat from atheistic socialists and secularists.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=46}}
JIP participated in the [[1970 Pakistani general election|1970 general election]]. Its political platform advocated political freedom of the provinces and Islamic law based on the Quran and Sunnah. There would be separation of the powers (judiciary and legislature); basic rights for minorities (such as equal employment opportunities and the ''Bonus Share Scheme'' allowing factory workers to own shares in their employers' companies); and a policy of strong relationships with the [[Muslim world]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} Just prior to the election, [[Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan]] left the alliance leaving JIP to run against the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and the [[Awami League]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} The party had a disappointing showing when it won only four seats in the National Assembly and four in the provincial assemblies after fielding 151 candidates.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=45}}
[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] won the 1970 election campaign and was strongly opposed by JIP who believed he and his socialist ideology were a threat to Islam.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=69}}
;Division
JIP opposed the [[Awami League]] East Pakistani separatist movement.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=100}} [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] organised the [[Al-Badar]] to fight the [[Mukti Bahini]] (Bengali liberation forces). In 1971, during the [[Bangladesh liberation war]], JIP members may have collaborated with the Pakistani army.<ref>Arefin S. [http://freebanglaebooks.com/bangla-ebook/muktijuddho-71-punished-war-criminals-under-dalal-law/ "Muktijuddho '71: Punished War Criminals Under Dalal Law."] Bangladesh Research and Publications.</ref><ref>[http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?page_id=14] Bangladesh Genocide Archive website. Accessed 9 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nabi |first=Dr Nuran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_OUc-TvGOIC&dq=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA108 |title=Bullets of '71: A Freedom Fighter's Story |date=2010-08-27 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4520-4383-8}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=September 2016}}<!-- This is a personal narrative from a self-publisher (AuthorHouse), so not a reliable source. WP:HISTRS describes acceptable sources for history-related articles. Also, this shouldn't be in the lede because it isn't a summary of anything in the article. -->
In 1968, Maulana Maududi took leave from Emarat of the Jamaat and Maulana [[Naeem Siddiqui]] became the Ameer of Jamat e Islami for one year. In 1969, Maulana took Charge of the Jamaat again. In 1972, Maududi resigned citing poor health, and Maulana [[Naeem Siddiqui]] refused to become the Ameer of the Jamaat due to his research activities. Thus, in October 1972, the ''Majlis-e-Shoura'' (council) elected [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]] (1914–2009) as the new leader of JIP. Naeeem Siddiqui was chosen as the general secretary.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
===Mian Tufail Mohammad (1972–1987)===
After [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] (1973–1977) was elected, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami ([[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]]) burned effigies of him in Lahore and declared his election a "black day". In early 1973, the amir, of the JIP even appealed to the army to overthrow Bhutto's government because of "its inherent moral corruption."{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=96}}
JIP "spearheaded" the anti-Bhutto political movement under the religious banner of ''Nizam-i-Mustafa'' (Order of the Prophet). Bhutto attempted to suppress JIP through the imprisonment of JIP and Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba members. There were electoral irregularities at the 1975 elections with JIP members being arrested in order to prevent them from lodging their nomination papers.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=120}} However, by 1976, JIP had 2 million registrants.
In the [[1977 Pakistani general election|1977 election]], JIP won nine of the 36 seats won by the opposition [[Pakistan National Alliance]]. The opposition considered the election rigged (Bhutto's PPP won 155 out of 200 seats) and Maududi, who had been arrested, called on Islamist parties to commence a campaign of [[civil disobedience]]. The [[Sunni]]-led government of [[Saudi Arabia]] intervened to secure Maududi's release from prison warning of revolution in Pakistan. JIP assisted the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] (PNA) to oust Bhutto and met with Zia-ul-Haq for ninety minutes on the night before Bhutto was hanged.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=139}}
Initially, JIP supported [[General Zia-ul-Haq]] (1977–1987).{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=123}} In turn, Zia's use of Islamist rhetoric gave JIP importance in public life beyond the size of its membership.<ref name="Osella (2013)">{{citation |last=Iqtidar |first=Humeira |chapter=Secularism Beyond the State |editor1=Filippo Osella |editor2=Caroline Osella |title=Islamic Reform in South Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA479 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |page=479 |isbn=9781107031753}}</ref> According to journalist [[Owen Bennett-Jones]], JIP was the "only political party" to offer Zia "consistent support" and was rewarded with jobs for "tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers", giving Zia's Islamic agenda power "long after he died."<ref name=jones-16>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Owen Bennett|title=Pakistan : eye of the storm|date=2002|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|pages=16–7|isbn=9780300097603|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC&q=Tens+of+thousands+of+Jamaat+activists+and+sympathisers&pg=PA17|quote=... Zia rewarded the only political party to offer him consistent support, Jamaat-e-Islami. Tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers were given jobs in the judiciary, the civil service and other state institutions. These appointments meant Zia's Islamic agenda lived on long after he died.}}</ref>
However, Zia failed to deliver timely elections and distanced himself from the JIP. When Zia banned [[Students' union|student unions]], [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] and pro-JIP labour unions protested. However, JIP did not participate in the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]'s [[Movement for the Restoration of Democracy]]. JIP also supported Zia's [[Jihad]] against the [[Soviet–Afghan War]] and its sister party [[Jamiat-e Islami]] led by [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]] became part of the [[Peshawar Seven]] that received aid from Saudi Arabia, United States and other jihad supporters.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=272}} Such conundrums caused tension in JIP based on conflict between ideology and politics.<ref name="Osella (2013)"/><ref name=kepel-104>{{cite book|last1=Kepel|first1=Gilles|title=Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam|date=2002|publisher=Belknap Press|page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&q=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA441 |isbn=9781845112578|ref=GKJ2002}}</ref>
In 1987, Mian Tufail declined further service as head of JIP for health reasons and [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] was elected.
=== Qazi Hussain Ahmad (1987–2008) ===
In 1987, when Zia died, the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] formed the [[right-wing]] alliance, [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad]] (IJI).<ref>{{citation |last=Haniffa |first=Farzana |chapter=Piety as Politics amongst Muslim Women in Contemporary Sri Lanka |editor1=Filippo Osella |editor2=Caroline Osella |title=Islamic Reform in South Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |page=180 |isbn=9781107031753}}</ref> In 1990 when [[Nawaz Sharif]] came to power, JIP boycotted the cabinet on the basis that the Pakistan Peoples' Party and the Pakistan Muslim League were problematic to equal degrees.
In the [[1993 Pakistani general election|election of 1993]], JIP won three seats. In this year, JIP was a member of the newly formed All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) which promotes the independence of Jammu and Kashmir from India.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=26}} Prior to this, JIP had allegedly set up the [[Hizbul Mujahideen|Hizb-ul-Mujahideen]], a Kashmir liberation militia to oppose the [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front|Kashmir Liberation Front]] which fights for the complete independence of the Kashmir region.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=127}}
Ahmad left his position in the [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]] in protest against corruption.
=== Successful long march against Bhutto's government ===
On 20 July 1996, Qazi Hussain Ahmed announced to start protests against government alleging corruption. Qazi Hussain resigned from the Senate on 27 September and announced the start of a long march against [[Benazir Bhutto]]'s government. The protest started on 27 October 1996 by Jamaat-e-Islami and opposition parties. On 4 November 1996, Bhutto's government was dismissed by [[Farooq Leghari|President Leghari]] primarily because of corruption.<ref name="Adel (2012)">{{citation |last=Salim |first=Muhammad Said |chapter=India: Jamaat-e-Islami |editor1=Gholamali Haddad Adel |editor2=Mohammad Jafar Elmi |editor3=Hassan Taromi-Rad |title=Muslim Organisations in the Twentieth Century: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RS73Xn1Gjv8C&pg=PA67 |year=2012 |publisher=EWI Press |isbn=978-1-908433-09-1 |pages=67–}}</ref> JIP then boycotted the [[1997 Pakistani general election|1997 election]], and therefore, lost representation in [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]]. However, the party remained politically active, for example, protesting the arrival of the Indian Prime Minister, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[Lahore Declaration|in Lahore]].
In 1999, [[Pervez Musharraf]] took power in a [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military coup]]. JIP, at first, welcomed the general but then objected when Musharraf began to make secular reforms and then again in 2001, when Pakistan joined the [[war on terror]], alleging Musharraf had betrayed the [[Taliban]]. JIP condemned the [[September 11 attacks|events of 11 September 2001]], but equally condemned the US when Afghanistan [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|was invaded]].<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=69}} Some members of [[Al-Qaeda]], for example, [[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]], were arrested in Pakistan.<ref name="Gannon2006">{{citation |last=Gannon |first=Kathy |title=I is for Infidel: From Holy War to Holy Terror in Afghanistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPsnizjHBx4C&pg=PA158 |year=2006 |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1-58648-452-1 |pages=158–}}</ref><ref name="Spencer2003">{{citation |last=Spencer |first=Robert |title=Onward Muslim Soldiers: How Jihad Still Threatens America and the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGE5YshINtMC&pg=PA244 |year=2003 |publisher=Regnery Pub. |isbn=978-0-89526-100-7 |pages=244–}}</ref>
In the [[2002 Pakistani general election|2002 election]], JIP made an alliance of religious parties called [[Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal]] (MMA) ({{Literally|United Council of Action}}) and won 53 seats, including most of those representing the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=356}} JIP continued its opposition to the War on terrorism, particularly the presence of American troops and agencies in Pakistan. JIP also called for restoration of judiciary.
In 2006, JIP opposed the [[Women's Protection Bill]] saying it did not need to be scrapped but instead, be applied in a fairer way and be more clearly understood by judges. Ahmed said,
: "Those who oppose [these] laws are only trying to run away from Islam. ... These laws do not affect women adversely. Our system wants to protect women from unnecessary worry and save them the trouble of appearing in court."{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=145}}
Samia Raheel Qazi, MP and daughter of Ahmed stated,
:"We have been against the bill from the start. The [[Hudood Ordinance]] was devised by a highly qualified group of [[Ulema]], and is beyond question".
At least during the time of Ahmad, the position of JIP on revolutionary action was that it was not ready to turn to extra-legal action but that its objectives are definite (''qat'i'') but its methods are "open to interpretation and adaptation (''ijtihadi'')" based on the "exigencies of the moment".<ref>Based on interviews with a number of JIP leaders, especially Khalil Ahmadu'l-Hamidi by Seyyed [[Vali Reza Nasr]] (in {{harvnb|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=76}})</ref>
On 23 July 2007, [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] tendered his resignation from the National Assembly to protest against the [[Siege of Lal Masjid|Army operation]] at [[Lal Masjid, Islamabad|Lal Masjid]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-07-24 |title=Qazi tenders resignation |url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/257869/qazi-tenders-resignation |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan}}</ref>
===Sayyed Munawer Hassan (2008–2014)===
In 2008, JIP and [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] again boycotted the [[2008 Pakistani general election|elections]]. Ahmad declined to stand for re-election due to health issues, and [[Syed Munawar Hassan]] was elected as the ameer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=Syed Munawar Hasan – a socialist turned Islamic political leader |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2251036/syed-munawar-hasan-socialist-turned-islamic-political-leader |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>
===Siraj-ul-Haq (2014–2024)===
On 30 March 2014, [[Siraj-ul-Haq]], serving as senior minister in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government and the party's deputy chief, was elected as the new ameer. He replaced the incumbent Munawer Hasan and the party's general secretary, [[Liaqat Baloch]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-30 |title=Sirajul Haq elected as new JI chief |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1096635 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan}}</ref> 25,533 office bearers of the party out of a total of 31,311 voted in these elections. It was the first time that the party had voted out an ameer after just one term. He, therefore, resigned from his role as senior minister. This coincided with a drone attack on a [[Madrasa|madrassa]] in [[Bajaur District|Bajaur Agency]].
In 2016, Siraj-ul-Haq led funeral prayers for [[Mumtaz Qadri]], who had been executed for assassinating Punjab Governor [[Salmaan Taseer]] while serving as his bodyguard. Siraj-ul-Haq called for nationwide protests against the execution of Qadri.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Javed Aziz |date=2016-03-01 |title=JI chief leads funeral prayer in absentia for Mumtaz Qadri |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/102009-JI-chief-leads-funeral-prayer-in-absentia-for-Mumtaz-Qadri |work=[[The News International]] |location=Pakistan |access-date=2023-02-06}}</ref>
===Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman (2024-Present)===
[[Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman]] was elected the Ameer of Jamaat e Islami on 4 April 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheikh |first1=Adnan |date=4 April 2024 |title=Hafiz Naeem elected new Jamaat-i-Islami emir |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1825672/hafiz-naeem-elected-new-jamaat-i-islami-emir |work=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2024 |title=Hafiz Naeemur Rehman elected as Amir of Jamaat-e-Islami |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2461635/hafiz-naeemur-rehman-elected-as-amir-of-jamaat-e-islami |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>
== Organisations ==
JIP provides unions for doctors, teachers, lawyers, farmers, workers and women, for example, [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] (IJT), Jamiat Talaba Arabia and Islami Jamaat-e-Talibaat (its female branch){{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=181}} a [[Students' union]] and [[JI Youth Pakistan]], a youth group.
The party has a number of publications from affiliated agencies such as Idara Marif-e-Islami, Lahore, the Islamic Research Academy, Karachi, Idara Taleemi Tehqeeq, Lahore, the Mehran Academy, and the [[Institute of Regional Studies]]. Its print media publications number 22, including the daily ''[[Jasarat]]'', weekly ''Friday Special'', weekly ''Asia'', monthly ''Tarjumanul Quran'' and fortnightly ''Jihad-e-Kashmir'',<ref>''Journal of the International Relations and Affairs Group'', Volume V, Issue II, Issue 2, p. 250</ref> with ''Jasarat'' in particular having a circulation of 50,000.<ref>[[Praveen Swamy]], "Roads to perdition?: the politics and practice of Islamist terrorism in India" in K. Warikoo (ed.), ''Religion and Security in South and Central Asia'', Routledge, 2010, p. 64</ref>
The Islami Nizamat-e-Taleem, led by [[Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed]], is an educational body that includes 63 Baithak schools. ''Rabita-ul-Madaris Al-Islamia'' supports 164 JIP [[madrasa]]s. JIP also operates the [[Hira Schools (Pakistan)]] Project and Al Ghazali Trust. The foundation administers schools, women's vocational centres, adult literacy programs, hospitals and mobile chemists and other welfare programs. In this respect, JIP interacts with the general market.<ref>{{citation |last=Iqtidar |first=Humeira |chapter=Secularism Beyond the State |editor1=Filippo Osella |editor2=Caroline Osella |title=Islamic Reform in South Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA480 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |page=480 |isbn=9781107031753}}</ref>
In total, there are around 1000 registered madrasas affiliated with the JeI in Pakistan, the province of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] having most of them, with some 245 or nearly a quarter of the total.<ref>Masooda Bano, ''The Rational Believer: Choices and Decisions in the Madrasas of Pakistan'', Cornell University Press (2012), pp. 70-71</ref>
===Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir===
An independent wing of Jamaat-e-Islami in [[Azad Kashmir]] was started in 1974. According to journalist Arif Jamal, it was done to slow the spread of secular ideas in Azad Kashmir. It had its own ''amir'', Maulana Abdul Bari, who had previously participated in the [[First Kashmir War]] (1947) as well as the [[Operation Gibraltar]] (1965).<ref name=Jamal>
{{citation |last=Jamal |first=Arif |title=Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNO5MAAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Melville House |isbn=978-1-933633-59-6 |pages=108–109}}
</ref><ref name=Puri>
{{citation |last=Puri |first=Luv |title=Across the Line of Control: Inside Azad Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYVcuqYr5FIC |date=2012 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-80084-6 |pages=101–103}}
</ref>
The main activity of the Azad Kashmir wing is noted as the sponsorship of [[Kashmir insurgency|jihad]] in [[Indian-administered Kashmir]]. Bari said that he was called for a meeting with President [[Zia ul-Haq]] in 1980, and asked to make preparations. He travelled to the Kashmir Valley and eventually persuaded the leaders of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]]. However, despite having several groups of Islamist youth trained in militancy, the Kashmiri Jamaat was hesitant to take the plunge. Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] then used the pro-independence [[Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front]] (JKLF) to initiate operations in July 1988.<ref name=Riedel>
{{citation |last=Riedel |first=Bruce |title=Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3DQKuPzAXAC |year=2012 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8157-2283-0 |page=26}}
</ref><ref name=Sirrs>
{{citation |last=Sirrs |first=Owen L. |title=Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_S-TDAAAQBAJ |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-19609-9 |pages=157–159}}
</ref>{{sfn|Jamal|2009|pp=112–115}}
A year later, Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir sent operatives to Indian-administered Kashmir to bring all the Islamist groups under an umbrella group called [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] as a counter to the JKLF. Jointly with Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, it also persuaded the Kashmiri Jamaat to take charge of Hizbul Mujahideen by June 1990, and a Jamaat leader called [[Syed Salahuddin]] was appointed as its chief.{{sfn|Jamal|2009|pp=140–144}}
Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir also has a student wing called Islami Jamiat-i-Tulaba (IJT). It gained popularity after the founding of Hizbul Mujahideen.<ref name=Puri/> Many of its members are said to join the ranks of Hizbul Mujahideen in due course.{{sfn|Puri|2012|p=104}}
===Connections with terrorism===
Jama'ati was said to had close links to many banned outfits of Pakistan. The most notable connection was with the [[Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]]. This militant organisation grew as an offshoot of Jammat e Islami and was founded by [[Sufi Muhammad]] in 1992 after he left Jamaat-e-Islami.<ref name=satp>
{{cite web
| title = Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (Movement for the Enforcement of Islamic Laws)
| publisher = South Asia Terrorism Portal
| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/TNSM.htm
| access-date = 18 February 2009}}
</ref><ref name=jand>
{{cite news|last=Jan |first=Delawar |title=Nizam-e-Adl Regulation for Malakand, Kohistan announced |publisher=The News International |date=17 February 2009 |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372 |access-date=30 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616085917/http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372 |archive-date=16 June 2009 }}
</ref><ref name=nasirsa>
{{cite news
|last=Nasir
|first=Sohail Abdul
|title=Religious Organization TNSM Re-Emerges in Pakistan
|journal=Terrorism Focus
|volume=3
|issue=19
|publisher=[[The Jamestown Foundation]]
|date=17 May 2006
|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=740&tx_ttnews[backPid]=239&no_cache=1
|access-date=9 February 2009
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120850/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=497&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1
|archive-date= 3 September 2014 }}</ref>
When the founder was imprisoned on 15 January 2002, [[Maulana Fazlullah]], his son-in-law, assumed leadership of the group. In the aftermath of the 2007 [[siege of Lal Masjid]], Fazlullah's forces and [[Baitullah Mehsud]]'s [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) formed an alliance. Fazlullah and his army reportedly received orders from Mehsud.<ref name=rehmatk>
{{cite news
| last = Rehmat
| first = Kamran
| title = Swat: Pakistan's lost paradise
| publisher = [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]
| location = Islamabad
| date = 27 January 2009
| url = http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2009/01/200912512351598892.html
| access-date = 3 February 2009}}
</ref>
After the death of [[Hakimullah Mehsud]] in a drone attack, Fazlullah was appointed as the new "Amir" (Chief) of the [[Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan]] on 7 November 2013.<ref name=reuters071113>{{cite news|last=Mujtaba |first=Haji |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-idUSBRE9A60OR20131107 |title=No more peace talks, 'Mullah Radio' tells Pakistan |work=Reuters|date=7 November 2013 |access-date=8 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Bajoria/><ref name="jamestown-black">{{cite news|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=986#.VTP_1fzF-ZM|title=The Black-Turbaned Brigade: The Rise of TNSM in Pakistan|author=Hassan Abbas|publisher=Jamestown Foundation|date=12 April 2006|access-date=19 April 2015}}</ref> In a May 2010 interview, U.S. Gen. [[David Petraeus]] described the TTP's relationship with other militant groups as difficult to decipher: "There is clearly a symbiotic relationship between all of these different organizations: al-Qaeda, the Pakistani Taliban, the Afghan Taliban, TNSM [Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]. And it's very difficult to parse and to try to distinguish between them. They support each other, they coordinate with each other, sometimes they compete with each other, [and] sometimes they even fight each other. But at the end of the day, there is quite a relationship between them."
<ref name=Bajoria>{{cite web| last = Bajoria| first = Jayshree| title = Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists| publisher = Council on Foreign Relations| date = 6 February 2008| url = http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1%26hide%3D1%26id%3D13611%26filter%3D456| access-date = 30 March 2009| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090514060717/http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1&hide=1&id=13611&filter=456| archive-date = 14 May 2009}}</ref><ref name=gall2009327>{{cite news | author =[[Carlotta Gall]], Ismail Khan, [[Pir Zubair Shah]] and Taimoor Shah| title = Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of U.S. Influx |work=[[The New York Times]]| date = 26 March 2009| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html| access-date =27 March 2009}}</ref>
According to another source, TNSM and Jamaat-e-Islami (JIP) seem to have been locked in a turf war in the [[Malakand District]] of Pakistan, and the Jamaat-Ulema-e-Islam, JIP, and TNSM are in conflict with each other in the tribal areas for power and influence.<ref name=mapping>{{cite web|title=Tehreek Nifaz-e-Shariat Mohammadi|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/411|website=Mapping Militant Organizations|publisher=Stanford University|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>
== List of Emirs ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: Sirajul Haq re-elected Jamaat-e-Islami chief |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-sirajul-haq-re-elected-jamaat-e-islami-chief/1424883 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=aa.com.tr}}</ref>
! Term
|- align=center
| 1
| [[Abul A'la Maududi]]
| 1941–1972
|- align=center
| 2
| [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]]
| 1972–1987
|- align=center
| 3
| [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]]
| 1987–2009
|- align=center
| 4
| [[Munawar Hasan|Syed Munawar Hassan]]
| 2009–2014
|- align=center
| 5
| [[Siraj-ul-Haq]]
| 2014–2024
|- align=center
| 6
| [[Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman]]
| 2024–present
|- align=center
|}
== Leaders ==
* [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1940–1972)
*[[Naeem Siddiqui]]
* [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]] (1972–1987)
* [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] (1987–2008)
* [[Muhammad Athar Qureshi]]
* [[Syed Munawar Hassan]] (2008–2014)
* [[Siraj-ul-Haq]] (2014–2024)
* [[Mushtaq Ahmad Khan]]
* [[Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (Pakistani senator)|Muhammad Ibrahim Khan]]
* [[Khurram Murad]]
* [[Liaqat Baloch]]
* [[Khurshid Ahmad (scholar)|Khurshid Ahmad]]
* [[Abdul Ghaffar Aziz]]<ref>{{cite news |date=6 October 2020 |title=JI leader buried|work=[[The News International]] |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/725316-ji-leader-buried}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-05 |title=JI Vice-Amir Abdul Ghaffar Aziz passes away |url=http://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2142586 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[Samaa TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 June 2019 |title=JI chief slams govt for inducting an 'IMF agent' |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/413247/ji-chief-slams-govt-for-inducting-an-imf-agent/ |access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman]] (2024–present)
* [[Naimatullah Khan]]
==See also==
* [[Naeem Siddiqui]]
* [[Israr Ahmed]]
* [[Sayed Ahmad Khan]]
* [[Amin Ahsan Islahi]]
* [[Allamah]] [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]]
* [[Abdul Qader Molla]]
* [[Motiur Rahman Nizami]]
* [[Merajuddin Khan]]
* [[List of Islamic political parties]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Guidere |first=M. |title=Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA356 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780810879652 |ref={{sfnref|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012}}}}
* {{citation |editor-last=Schmid |editor-first=Alex |title=The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research |year=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-41157-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PXpFxKRsHgC }}
* {{citation |last=Tomsen |first=Peter |title=The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers |year=2011 |publisher=Public Affairs |isbn=978-1-58648-763-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=86w4DgAAQBAJ }}
* {{citation |last1=Nasr |first1=Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr |author-link=Vali Reza Nasr |title=The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: the Jamaat-i Islami of Pakistan |date=1994 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=9780520083691 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LWepMdh7OkC |ref={{sfnref|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Nasr |first1=Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr |author-link=Vali Reza Nasr |title=Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, New York |isbn=9780195357110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC |ref={{sfnref|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Haqqani |first1=Husain |author-link=Husain Haqqani |title=Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military |date=2005 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |url=http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20%281%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013162307/http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20(1).pdf |archive-date=13 October 2017 |url-status=dead |ref={{sfnref|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005}}}}
==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.jamaat.org}}
*[https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1 Jamaat-e-Islami] on [[Facebook]]
*[https://twitter.com/JIPOfficial?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor Jamaat-e-Islami] on [[Twitter]]
*[https://www.instagram.com/jipofficial/?hl=en Jamaat-e-Islami] on [[Instagram]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4470254.stm Bangladesh ruling party expels MP] [[BBC]], 25 November 2005
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4320078.stm Pakistan rulers claim poll boost] [[BBC]], 7 October 2005
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4156808.stm Who's afraid of the six-party alliance?] [[BBC]], 17 August 2005
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4155474.stm Pakistan 'hate' paper crackdown] [[BBC]], 16 August 2005
*[https://www.theguardian.com/religion/Story/0,,1548826,00.html Radical links of UK's 'moderate' Muslim group] [[Martin Bright]], [[The Observer]], 14 August 2005
*[https://fas.org/irp/congress/1993_rpt/house_repub_report.html Congressional Report: The New Islamist International](from [[Federation of American Scientists|FAS]] site) [[Bill McCollum]], US Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 1 February 1993.
*[https://readmaududi.com/ (Read Maududi)]
{{Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)}}
{{Pakistani political parties}}
{{IslamismSA}}
{{Islamism}}
{{Pakistan topics}}{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamaat-E-Islami}}
[[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:1940s in Islam]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Anti-capitalist organizations]]
[[Category:Islamic organisations based in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Islamic political parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{About|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|other organisations with similar names|Jamaat-e-Islami (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan<br/>Islamic Assembly of Pakistan
| logo = Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Logo.png
| logo_size = 150px
| colorcode = {{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}
| abbreviation = JIP
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1941|08|26}} in [[Islamia Park]], [[Lahore]], [[British India]] <br/> {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1947}} in Pakistan
| ideology = [[Islamism]]<br>[[Panislamism]]<br>[[Islamic revivalism]]<br>[[Social conservatism]]<br>[[Antiliberalism]]<br>[[Anticapitalism]]<br>[[Anticommunism]]<br>[[Antizionism]]
| headquarters = [[Multan Road]], [[Mansoorah, Lahore|Mansoorah]], [[Lahore]]
| international = [[Muslim Brotherhood]]<br/> [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind|JI (Hind)]]<br/> [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|JI (Bangladesh)]]<br/> [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|JI (Kashmir)]]<br/>[[UK Islamic Mission]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.jamaat.org/}} {{in lang|ur}}
| country = Pakistan
| native_name = {{lang|ur|جماعت اسلامی پاکستان}}
| leader1_title = [[Emir|Ameer]]
| leader1_name = [[Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman]]
| leader2_title = [[Naib]] [[Emir|Ameer]]
| leader2_name = [[Liaqat Baloch]]<ref name="Family from Lahore always 'selected', we weren’t: Bilawal">{{Cite news|date=2021-03-23|title=Family from Lahore always 'selected', we weren't: Bilawal|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/808519-family-from-lahore-always-selected-we-weren-t-bilawal|access-date=2021-08-26|work=The News International (newspaper)}}</ref>
| secretary_general = [[Abdul Majeed Badini]]
| colors = {{colour box|#008000}}{{colour box|#FFFFFF}}{{colour box|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}} Green, white, blue
| founder = [[Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi]]
| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] to [[Far-right]]
| student_wing = [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]]
| wing1_title = Labour wing
| wing1 = [[National Labour Federation (Pakistan)|National Labour Federation]]
| wing2_title = Welfare wing
| wing2 = [[Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan|Alkhidmat Foundation]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/865975-alkhidmat-spent-rs8-2bn-in-a-year-on-welfare|title=Alkhidmat spent Rs 8.2bn in a year on welfare|date=19 July 2021|access-date=17 September 2021|work=[[The News International]]}}</ref>
| youth_wing = [[JI Youth]]<ref name="ET: JI launches its youth wing">{{cite news|title=JI launches it youth wing|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1219955/|access-date=16 November 2015|work=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=16 November 2015}}</ref>
|womens_wing = Jamaat-e-Islami Women's Wing
| newspaper = [[Daily Jasarat]]
| seats1_title = [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|100|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats2_title = [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|336|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Balochistan|Balochistan Assembly]]
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|1|65|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats5_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK Assembly]]
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|0|128|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats6_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh|Sindh Assembly]]
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|2|168|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats7_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab|Punjab Assembly]]
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|0|371|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats8_title = [[Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly|GB Assembly]]
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|0|33|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| seats9_title = [[Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Azad Kashmir Assembly]]
| seats9 = {{Composition bar|0|49|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}}
| flag = Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Flag.svg
| symbol = [[File:Balance-Scale.svg|150px]]
| national = [[Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/world/pakistan-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-against-govt-in-balochistans-pishin/2039570/ | title=Pakistan: Opposition alliance launches protest movement against govt in Balochistan's Pishin | date=13 April 2024 }}</ref>
}}
{{Islamism sidebar}}
[[File:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Logo.svg|thumb|right|The logo used on Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan's [[Facebook]] page.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1 |title=Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan |via=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>]]
'''Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan''' ('''JIP'''), is a Pakistani [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. The aim of this political party is to make Pakistan an [[Islamic state]], governed by [[Sharia law]], through a gradual legal, and political process. It opposes capitalism, liberalism, socialism and secularism as well as economic practices such as offering bank interest. It is the Pakistani successor to [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], which was founded in [[colonial India]] in 1941.<ref name="NG336"/> JIP is a "[[vanguard party]]", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an "[[Emir|ameer]]".<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=70}} Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with [[Deobandi]] and [[Barelvi]] (represented by [[Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F)|Jamiat Ulema-e Islam]] political party and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan]] party respectively).<ref name=roy-88>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Olivier|title=The Failure of Political Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88 88]|isbn=9780674291409 |quote=Islam in Pakistan is divided into three tendencies: the Jamaat, which is the Islamist party and which, although it does not have extensive popular roots, is politically influential; the 'deobandi' , administered by fundamentalists and reformist ulamas; and the Barelvi, which recruits from popular and Sufi Islamic circles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=bin Mohamed Osman |first1=Mohamed Nawab |title=The Ulama in Pakistani Politics |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=230–247 |issn=0085-6401 |doi=10.1080/00856400903049499 |s2cid=219698819 |ref={{sfnref|bin Mohamed Osman, The Ulama in Pakistani Politics|2009}}}}</ref>
[[Jamaat-e-Islami]] was founded in [[Islamia Park]], [[Lahore]], [[British India]] in 1941 by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, [[Abul Ala Maududi]], who was widely influenced by the [[Sharia]] based reign of the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Roy|title=Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State|date=2010|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781136950360}}</ref> At the time of the [[Indian independence movement]], Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami actively worked to [[opposition to the partition of India|oppose the partition of India]].<ref name="Oh2007"/><ref name="NG336"/><ref name="Gupta2016"/> In 1947, following the [[partition of India]], the Jamaat split into two organisations, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]] (the Indian wing).<ref>{{citation |last=Ahmad |first=Irfan |chapter=The Jewish hand: the response of the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind |editor1=Peter van der Veer |editor2=S. Munshi |title=Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAm_YptXTPMC&pg=PA138 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2004 |page=138 |isbn=9780415331401}}</ref>{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=223}} Other wings of Jamaat include [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]], founded in 1953, [[#Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir]] founded in 1974, and [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]], founded in 1975.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=171}}
Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan came under severe government repression in 1948, 1953, and 1963.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=97}} During the early years of the regime of General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]], Jamaat-e-Islami's position improved and it became seen as the "regime's ideological and political arm", with party members at times holding cabinet portfolios of information and broadcasting, production, and water, power and natural resources.<ref>Kepel, ''Jihad'', (2002), pp.98, 100, 101</ref>{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=138}}
In 1971, during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], JIP opposed the independence of Bangladesh.<ref>{{harvp|Schmid|2011|p=600}}; {{harvp|Tomsen|2011|p=240}}</ref> However, in 1975, it established Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh with Abbas Ali Khan as the first ameer.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=171}} Since the early 1980s, it has also developed close links with Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir and acted as the vanguard of the [[Kashmir insurgency|armed insurgency]] in that province.{{sfn|Jamal|2009|loc=Chapters 3–4}}{{sfn|Sirrs|2016|pp=157–161}}
==History==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Growth of JIP<ref name="growth-371">{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Richard C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVcUAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A-L |date=2004 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-865604-5}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan=1 colspan=1|Year
!rowspan=1 colspan=1|Members<br /> (''Arkan'')
!rowspan=1 colspan=1|Sympathizers and workers<br />(''Hum-Khayal'')
|-
|1941||75|| (unknown)
|-
|1951||659||2,913
|-
|1989||5,723||305,792
|-
|2003||16,033||4.5 million
|-
|2017||37000||(unknown)
|-
!colspan=3|<small>SOURCE: ''Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World'' (2004)</small><ref name=growth-371/>
|}
===Syed Abul A'la Maududi (1941–1972)===
Jamaat-e-Islami's founder and leader until 1972 was [[Abul A'la Maududi]], a widely read Islamist philosopher and political commentator, who wrote about the role of Islam in South Asia.<ref name=kepel-34 /> His thought was influenced by many factors including the [[Khilafat Movement]]; [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]'s ascension at the end of the [[Ottoman Caliphate]]; and the impact of [[Indian Nationalism]], the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Hindu]]ism on [[Muslims]] in India. He supported what he called "Islamization from above", through an Islamic state in which sovereignty would be exercised in the name of Allah and Islamic law (''[[sharia]]'') would be implemented. Maududi believed politics was "an integral, inseparable part of the Islamic faith, and that the Islamic state that Muslim political action seeks to build" would not only be an act of piety but would also solve the many (seemingly non-religious) social and economic problems that Muslims faced.<ref name=kepel-34/>{{sfnp|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994|p=7}}
[[File:Secreteriate Jamaat-e-Islami Punjab.jpg|thumb|Jamaat-e-Islami Headquarter in Lahore]]
Maududi opposed British rule but also opposed the Muslim nationalist movement (nationalism being un-Islamic) and their plan for a circumscribed "Muslim state". Maududi agitating instead for an "Islamic state" covering the whole of India<ref name=kepel-34>{{cite book|last1=Kepel|first1=Gilles|title=Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam|date=2002|publisher=Belknap Press|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&q=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA441|isbn=9781845112578|ref=GKJ2002}}</ref> – this despite the fact, Muslims made up only about one quarter of India's population.
Jamaat-e-Islami thus actively [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]], with its leader Maulana Abul A'la Maududi arguing that concept violated the Islamic doctrine of the [[ummah]].<ref name="Oh2007"/><ref name="NG336"/><ref name="Gupta2016">{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Shekhar |title=Why Zakir Naik is dangerous |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-zakir-naik-is-dangerous/20160718.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> The Jamaat-e-Islami saw the partition as creating a temporal border that would divide Muslims from one another.<ref name="Oh2007">{{cite book |last1=Oh |first1=Irene |title=The Rights of God: Islam, Human Rights, and Comparative Ethics |url=https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir |url-access=limited |date=2007 |publisher=[[Georgetown University Press]] |isbn=978-1-58901-463-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir/page/n52 45]|quote=In the debate over whether Muslims should establish their own state, separate from a Hindu India, Maududi initially argued against such a creation and asserted that the establishment of a political Muslim state defined by borders violated the idea of the universal ''umma''. Citizenship and national borders, which would characterize the new Muslim state, contradicted the notion that Muslims should not be separated by one another by these temporal boundaries. In this milieu, Maududi founded the organization Jama'at-i Islamic. ... The Jama'at for its first few years worked actively to prevent the partition, but once partition became inevitable, it established offices in both Pakistan and India.}}</ref><ref name="NG336">{{cite book |last1=Rasheed, Nighat |title=A critical study of the reformist trends in the Indian Muslim society during the nineteenth century |page=336 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/52379/13/13_chapter%207.pdf#page=74 |access-date=2 March 2020 |quote=The Jama'at -i-Islami was founded in 1941. Maulana Maududi being its founder strongly opposed the idea of creating Pakistan, a separate Muslim country, by dividing India, but surprisingly after the creation of Pakistan he migrated to Lahore. Again in the beginning he was opposed to and denounced the struggle for Kashmir as un-Islamic, for which he was imprisoned in 1950, but later on in 1965, he changed his views and endorsed the Kashmir war as Jihad. Maulana Maududi took an active part in demanding discriminative legislation and executive action against the Ahmadi sect leading to widespread rioting and violence in Pakistan. He was persecuted arrested and imprisoned for advocating his political ideas through his writings and speeches. During the- military regime from 1958 the Jama'at-iIslami was banned and was revived only in 1962, Maududi was briefly imprisoned. He refused to apologize for his actions or to request clemency from the government. He demanded his freedom to speak and accepted the punishment of death as the will of God. His fierce commitment to his ideals caused his supporters worldwide to rally for his release and the government acceded commuting his death sentence to a term of life imprisonment. Eventually the military government pardoned Maulana Maududi completely.}}</ref>
===Founding of JIP in colonial India===
{{Main|Jamaat-e-Islami}}
[[Jamaat-e-Islami]] was founded in [[colonial India]] on August 26, 1941 at [[Islamia Park]] in the city of [[Lahore]], before the [[Partition of India]].{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=li}} JIP began as an [[Islamism|Islamist]] social and political movement. Seventy-five people attended the first meeting and became the first members of the movement. Maulana [[Amin Ahsan Islahi]], Maulana [[Naeem Siddiqui]], Maulana Muhammad Manzoor Naumanai and Maulana [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]] (although he left after a few years)<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Sayyid Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi |url=https://abulhasanalinadwi.org/books/Biography.pdf}}</ref> were among the founders of Jamaat-e-Islami along with Syed Abul Ala Maududi.<ref>Edara Manshoraat, Mansora Lahore 1980, pp5-25</ref>
Maududi saw his group as a vanguard of Islamic revolution following the footsteps of early Muslims who gathered in Medina to found an Islamic state.<ref name=kepel-34 />{{sfnp|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994|p=7}} JIP was and is strictly and hierarchically organised in a pyramid-like structure, working toward the common goal of establishing an ideological Islamic society, particularly though educational and social work, under the leadership of its emirs (commanders or leaders).<ref name=growth-371 /> As a vanguard party, its fully-fledged members (''arkan'') are intended to be leaders and devoted to the party, but there is also a category of much more numerous sympathizers and workers (''karkun'').
The emir is obliged by the party constitution to consult an assembly called the ''shura''. The JIP also developed sub-organisations, such as those for women and students.<ref name="growth-371"/> JIP began by volunteering in refugee camps; performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for [[Eid-ul-Azha]].
JIP had a number of unique features. All members, including its founder Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah – the traditional act of converts to Islam – when they joined. This was a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic perspective, but to some implied that "the Jamaat stood before Muslim society as Islam before [[jahiliyah]]", (pre-Islamic ignorance).<ref>{{harvp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=110}}: "All members, including Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah when they joined, in a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic Perspective."</ref> After Pakistan was formed, it forbade Pakistanis to take an oath of allegiance to the state until it became Islamic, arguing that a Muslim could in clear conscience render allegiance only to God.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=42}}{{sfnp|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994|pp=119-120}}
===Pakistan===
;Creation and early years
Following the Partition of India, Maududi and JIP migrated from East Punjab to [[Lahore]] in Pakistan. There they volunteered to help the thousands of refugees pouring into the country from India<ref name=Adams-102>Adams, Charles J., "Mawdudi and the Islamic State," in John L. Esposito, ed., ''Voices of Resurgent Islam'', (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, p.102)</ref> – performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics; and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for [[Eid-ul-Azha]].
During the prime-ministership of [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]] (September 1956 – October 1957), JIP argued for a separate voting system for different religious communities. Suhrawardy convened a session of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] at [[Dhaka]] and through an alliance with Republicans, his party passed a bill for a mixed voting system.
In 1951, it ran candidates for office, but did not do well. JIP found it was more successful in promoting its cause in the streets.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=43}} The election also occasioned a split in the party with the JIP shura passing a resolution in support of the party withdrawing from politics but Maududi arguing for continued involvement. Maududi prevailed and several senior JIP leaders resigned in protest. All this strengthened Maududi's position still further and "a cult of personality began to grow up around him."{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=43}}
In 1953, JIP led "direct action" against the [[Ahmadiyya]], who the JIP believed should be declared non-Muslims. In March 1953, [[Lahore riots of 1953|riots in Lahore]] started leading to looting, arson and the killing of at least 200 Ahmadis and the declaration of selective [[martial law]]. The military leader, [[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan]] had Maududi arrested and [[Rahimuddin Khan]] sentenced him to death for [[sedition]] (writing anti-Ahmadiyya pamphlets). Many JIP supporters were imprisoned during this time.
The [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|1956 Constitution]] was adopted after [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956#Islamic provisions|accommodating]] many of the demands of the JIP. Maududi endorsed the constitution and claimed it a victory for Islam.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=44}} In 1958, JIP formed an alliance with [[Abdul Qayyum Khan]] (Muslim League) and [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]] ([[Nizam-e-Islam Party]]). The alliance destabilised the presidency of [[Iskander Mirza]] (1956–1958), and Pakistan returned to martial law. The military ruler, the president [[Ayub Khan|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] (1958–1964), had a modernising agenda and opposed the encroachment of religion into politics. He banned political parties and warned Maududi against continued religio-political activism. JIP offices were closed down, funds were confiscated and Maududi was imprisoned in 1964 and 1967.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=44}}
JIP supported the opposition party, the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM). In the 1964–1965 presidential elections, JIP supported the opposition leader, [[Fatima Jinnah]], despite its opposition to women in politics.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=44}}
In 1965, during the [[Indo-Pakistani war]], JIP supported the government's call for [[jihad]], presenting patriotic speeches on [[Radio Pakistan]] and seeking support from Arab and Central Asian countries. The group resisted [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] and [[Maulana Bhashani]]'s socialist program of the time.
By the end of 1969, the Jamaat-e-Islami was spearheading a major "campaign for the protection of ideology of Pakistan," which it believed was under threat from atheistic socialists and secularists.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=46}}
JIP participated in the [[1970 Pakistani general election|1970 general election]]. Its political platform advocated political freedom of the provinces and Islamic law based on the Quran and Sunnah. There would be separation of the powers (judiciary and legislature); basic rights for minorities (such as equal employment opportunities and the ''Bonus Share Scheme'' allowing factory workers to own shares in their employers' companies); and a policy of strong relationships with the [[Muslim world]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} Just prior to the election, [[Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan]] left the alliance leaving JIP to run against the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and the [[Awami League]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} The party had a disappointing showing when it won only four seats in the National Assembly and four in the provincial assemblies after fielding 151 candidates.{{sfnp|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=45}}
[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] won the 1970 election campaign and was strongly opposed by JIP who believed he and his socialist ideology were a threat to Islam.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=69}}
;Division
JIP opposed the [[Awami League]] East Pakistani separatist movement.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=100}} [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] organised the [[Al-Badar]] to fight the [[Mukti Bahini]] (Bengali liberation forces). In 1971, during the [[Bangladesh liberation war]], JIP members may have collaborated with the Pakistani army.<ref>Arefin S. [http://freebanglaebooks.com/bangla-ebook/muktijuddho-71-punished-war-criminals-under-dalal-law/ "Muktijuddho '71: Punished War Criminals Under Dalal Law."] Bangladesh Research and Publications.</ref><ref>[http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?page_id=14] Bangladesh Genocide Archive website. Accessed 9 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nabi |first=Dr Nuran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_OUc-TvGOIC&dq=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA108 |title=Bullets of '71: A Freedom Fighter's Story |date=2010-08-27 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4520-4383-8}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=September 2016}}<!-- This is a personal narrative from a self-publisher (AuthorHouse), so not a reliable source. WP:HISTRS describes acceptable sources for history-related articles. Also, this shouldn't be in the lede because it isn't a summary of anything in the article. -->
In 1968, Maulana Maududi took leave from Emarat of the Jamaat and Maulana [[Naeem Siddiqui]] became the Ameer of Jamat e Islami for one year. In 1969, Maulana took Charge of the Jamaat again. In 1972, Maududi resigned citing poor health, and Maulana [[Naeem Siddiqui]] refused to become the Ameer of the Jamaat due to his research activities. Thus, in October 1972, the ''Majlis-e-Shoura'' (council) elected [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]] (1914–2009) as the new leader of JIP. Naeeem Siddiqui was chosen as the general secretary.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
===Mian Tufail Mohammad (1972–1987)===
After [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] (1973–1977) was elected, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami ([[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]]) burned effigies of him in Lahore and declared his election a "black day". In early 1973, the amir, of the JIP even appealed to the army to overthrow Bhutto's government because of "its inherent moral corruption."{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=96}}
JIP "spearheaded" the anti-Bhutto political movement under the religious banner of ''Nizam-i-Mustafa'' (Order of the Prophet). Bhutto attempted to suppress JIP through the imprisonment of JIP and Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba members. There were electoral irregularities at the 1975 elections with JIP members being arrested in order to prevent them from lodging their nomination papers.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=120}} However, by 1976, JIP had 2 million registrants.
In the [[1977 Pakistani general election|1977 election]], JIP won nine of the 36 seats won by the opposition [[Pakistan National Alliance]]. The opposition considered the election rigged (Bhutto's PPP won 155 out of 200 seats) and Maududi, who had been arrested, called on Islamist parties to commence a campaign of [[civil disobedience]]. The [[Sunni]]-led government of [[Saudi Arabia]] intervened to secure Maududi's release from prison warning of revolution in Pakistan. JIP assisted the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] (PNA) to oust Bhutto and met with Zia-ul-Haq for ninety minutes on the night before Bhutto was hanged.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=139}}
Initially, JIP supported [[General Zia-ul-Haq]] (1977–1987).{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=123}} In turn, Zia's use of Islamist rhetoric gave JIP importance in public life beyond the size of its membership.<ref name="Osella (2013)">{{citation |last=Iqtidar |first=Humeira |chapter=Secularism Beyond the State |editor1=Filippo Osella |editor2=Caroline Osella |title=Islamic Reform in South Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA479 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |page=479 |isbn=9781107031753}}</ref> According to journalist [[Owen Bennett-Jones]], JIP was the "only political party" to offer Zia "consistent support" and was rewarded with jobs for "tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers", giving Zia's Islamic agenda power "long after he died."<ref name=jones-16>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Owen Bennett|title=Pakistan : eye of the storm|date=2002|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|pages=16–7|isbn=9780300097603|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC&q=Tens+of+thousands+of+Jamaat+activists+and+sympathisers&pg=PA17|quote=... Zia rewarded the only political party to offer him consistent support, Jamaat-e-Islami. Tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers were given jobs in the judiciary, the civil service and other state institutions. These appointments meant Zia's Islamic agenda lived on long after he died.}}</ref>
However, Zia failed to deliver timely elections and distanced himself from the JIP. When Zia banned [[Students' union|student unions]], [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] and pro-JIP labour unions protested. However, JIP did not participate in the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]'s [[Movement for the Restoration of Democracy]]. JIP also supported Zia's [[Jihad]] against the [[Soviet–Afghan War]] and its sister party [[Jamiat-e Islami]] led by [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]] became part of the [[Peshawar Seven]] that received aid from Saudi Arabia, United States and other jihad supporters.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=272}} Such conundrums caused tension in JIP based on conflict between ideology and politics.<ref name="Osella (2013)"/><ref name=kepel-104>{{cite book|last1=Kepel|first1=Gilles|title=Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam|date=2002|publisher=Belknap Press|page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&q=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA441 |isbn=9781845112578|ref=GKJ2002}}</ref>
In 1987, Mian Tufail declined further service as head of JIP for health reasons and [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] was elected.
=== Qazi Hussain Ahmad (1987–2008) ===
In 1987, when Zia died, the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] formed the [[right-wing]] alliance, [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad]] (IJI).<ref>{{citation |last=Haniffa |first=Farzana |chapter=Piety as Politics amongst Muslim Women in Contemporary Sri Lanka |editor1=Filippo Osella |editor2=Caroline Osella |title=Islamic Reform in South Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |page=180 |isbn=9781107031753}}</ref> In 1990 when [[Nawaz Sharif]] came to power, JIP boycotted the cabinet on the basis that the Pakistan Peoples' Party and the Pakistan Muslim League were problematic to equal degrees.
In the [[1993 Pakistani general election|election of 1993]], JIP won three seats. In this year, JIP was a member of the newly formed All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) which promotes the independence of Jammu and Kashmir from India.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=26}} Prior to this, JIP had allegedly set up the [[Hizbul Mujahideen|Hizb-ul-Mujahideen]], a Kashmir liberation militia to oppose the [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front|Kashmir Liberation Front]] which fights for the complete independence of the Kashmir region.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=127}}
Ahmad left his position in the [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]] in protest against corruption.
=== Successful long march against Bhutto's government ===
On 20 July 1996, Qazi Hussain Ahmed announced to start protests against government alleging corruption. Qazi Hussain resigned from the Senate on 27 September and announced the start of a long march against [[Benazir Bhutto]]'s government. The protest started on 27 October 1996 by Jamaat-e-Islami and opposition parties. On 4 November 1996, Bhutto's government was dismissed by [[Farooq Leghari|President Leghari]] primarily because of corruption.<ref name="Adel (2012)">{{citation |last=Salim |first=Muhammad Said |chapter=India: Jamaat-e-Islami |editor1=Gholamali Haddad Adel |editor2=Mohammad Jafar Elmi |editor3=Hassan Taromi-Rad |title=Muslim Organisations in the Twentieth Century: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RS73Xn1Gjv8C&pg=PA67 |year=2012 |publisher=EWI Press |isbn=978-1-908433-09-1 |pages=67–}}</ref> JIP then boycotted the [[1997 Pakistani general election|1997 election]], and therefore, lost representation in [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]]. However, the party remained politically active, for example, protesting the arrival of the Indian Prime Minister, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[Lahore Declaration|in Lahore]].
In 1999, [[Pervez Musharraf]] took power in a [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military coup]]. JIP, at first, welcomed the general but then objected when Musharraf began to make secular reforms and then again in 2001, when Pakistan joined the [[war on terror]], alleging Musharraf had betrayed the [[Taliban]]. JIP condemned the [[September 11 attacks|events of 11 September 2001]], but equally condemned the US when Afghanistan [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|was invaded]].<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=69}} Some members of [[Al-Qaeda]], for example, [[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]], were arrested in Pakistan.<ref name="Gannon2006">{{citation |last=Gannon |first=Kathy |title=I is for Infidel: From Holy War to Holy Terror in Afghanistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPsnizjHBx4C&pg=PA158 |year=2006 |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1-58648-452-1 |pages=158–}}</ref><ref name="Spencer2003">{{citation |last=Spencer |first=Robert |title=Onward Muslim Soldiers: How Jihad Still Threatens America and the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGE5YshINtMC&pg=PA244 |year=2003 |publisher=Regnery Pub. |isbn=978-0-89526-100-7 |pages=244–}}</ref>
In the [[2002 Pakistani general election|2002 election]], JIP made an alliance of religious parties called [[Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal]] (MMA) ({{Literally|United Council of Action}}) and won 53 seats, including most of those representing the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province.{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=356}} JIP continued its opposition to the War on terrorism, particularly the presence of American troops and agencies in Pakistan. JIP also called for restoration of judiciary.
In 2006, JIP opposed the [[Women's Protection Bill]] saying it did not need to be scrapped but instead, be applied in a fairer way and be more clearly understood by judges. Ahmed said,
: "Those who oppose [these] laws are only trying to run away from Islam. ... These laws do not affect women adversely. Our system wants to protect women from unnecessary worry and save them the trouble of appearing in court."{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=145}}
Samia Raheel Qazi, MP and daughter of Ahmed stated,
:"We have been against the bill from the start. The [[Hudood Ordinance]] was devised by a highly qualified group of [[Ulema]], and is beyond question".
At least during the time of Ahmad, the position of JIP on revolutionary action was that it was not ready to turn to extra-legal action but that its objectives are definite (''qat'i'') but its methods are "open to interpretation and adaptation (''ijtihadi'')" based on the "exigencies of the moment".<ref>Based on interviews with a number of JIP leaders, especially Khalil Ahmadu'l-Hamidi by Seyyed [[Vali Reza Nasr]] (in {{harvnb|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996|p=76}})</ref>
On 23 July 2007, [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] tendered his resignation from the National Assembly to protest against the [[Siege of Lal Masjid|Army operation]] at [[Lal Masjid, Islamabad|Lal Masjid]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-07-24 |title=Qazi tenders resignation |url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/257869/qazi-tenders-resignation |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan}}</ref>
===Sayyed Munawer Hassan (2008–2014)===
In 2008, JIP and [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] again boycotted the [[2008 Pakistani general election|elections]]. Ahmad declined to stand for re-election due to health issues, and [[Syed Munawar Hassan]] was elected as the ameer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=Syed Munawar Hasan – a socialist turned Islamic political leader |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2251036/syed-munawar-hasan-socialist-turned-islamic-political-leader |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>
===Siraj-ul-Haq (2014–2024)===
On 30 March 2014, [[Siraj-ul-Haq]], serving as senior minister in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government and the party's deputy chief, was elected as the new ameer. He replaced the incumbent Munawer Hasan and the party's general secretary, [[Liaqat Baloch]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-30 |title=Sirajul Haq elected as new JI chief |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1096635 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan}}</ref> 25,533 office bearers of the party out of a total of 31,311 voted in these elections. It was the first time that the party had voted out an ameer after just one term. He, therefore, resigned from his role as senior minister. This coincided with a drone attack on a [[Madrasa|madrassa]] in [[Bajaur District|Bajaur Agency]].
In 2016, Siraj-ul-Haq led funeral prayers for [[Mumtaz Qadri]], who had been executed for assassinating Punjab Governor [[Salmaan Taseer]] while serving as his bodyguard. Siraj-ul-Haq called for nationwide protests against the execution of Qadri.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Javed Aziz |date=2016-03-01 |title=JI chief leads funeral prayer in absentia for Mumtaz Qadri |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/102009-JI-chief-leads-funeral-prayer-in-absentia-for-Mumtaz-Qadri |work=[[The News International]] |location=Pakistan |access-date=2023-02-06}}</ref>
===Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman (2024-Present)===
[[Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman]] was elected the Ameer of Jamaat e Islami on 4 April 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheikh |first1=Adnan |date=4 April 2024 |title=Hafiz Naeem elected new Jamaat-i-Islami emir |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1825672/hafiz-naeem-elected-new-jamaat-i-islami-emir |work=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2024 |title=Hafiz Naeemur Rehman elected as Amir of Jamaat-e-Islami |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2461635/hafiz-naeemur-rehman-elected-as-amir-of-jamaat-e-islami |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>
== Organisations ==
JIP provides unions for doctors, teachers, lawyers, farmers, workers and women, for example, [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]] (IJT), Jamiat Talaba Arabia and Islami Jamaat-e-Talibaat (its female branch){{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=181}} a [[Students' union]] and [[JI Youth Pakistan]], a youth group.
The party has a number of publications from affiliated agencies such as Idara Marif-e-Islami, Lahore, the Islamic Research Academy, Karachi, Idara Taleemi Tehqeeq, Lahore, the Mehran Academy, and the [[Institute of Regional Studies]]. Its print media publications number 22, including the daily ''[[Jasarat]]'', weekly ''Friday Special'', weekly ''Asia'', monthly ''Tarjumanul Quran'' and fortnightly ''Jihad-e-Kashmir'',<ref>''Journal of the International Relations and Affairs Group'', Volume V, Issue II, Issue 2, p. 250</ref> with ''Jasarat'' in particular having a circulation of 50,000.<ref>[[Praveen Swamy]], "Roads to perdition?: the politics and practice of Islamist terrorism in India" in K. Warikoo (ed.), ''Religion and Security in South and Central Asia'', Routledge, 2010, p. 64</ref>
The Islami Nizamat-e-Taleem, led by [[Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed]], is an educational body that includes 63 Baithak schools. ''Rabita-ul-Madaris Al-Islamia'' supports 164 JIP [[madrasa]]s. JIP also operates the [[Hira Schools (Pakistan)]] Project and Al Ghazali Trust. The foundation administers schools, women's vocational centres, adult literacy programs, hospitals and mobile chemists and other welfare programs. In this respect, JIP interacts with the general market.<ref>{{citation |last=Iqtidar |first=Humeira |chapter=Secularism Beyond the State |editor1=Filippo Osella |editor2=Caroline Osella |title=Islamic Reform in South Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA480 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |page=480 |isbn=9781107031753}}</ref>
In total, there are around 1000 registered madrasas affiliated with the JeI in Pakistan, the province of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] having most of them, with some 245 or nearly a quarter of the total.<ref>Masooda Bano, ''The Rational Believer: Choices and Decisions in the Madrasas of Pakistan'', Cornell University Press (2012), pp. 70-71</ref>
===Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir===
An independent wing of Jamaat-e-Islami in [[Azad Kashmir]] was started in 1974. According to journalist Arif Jamal, it was done to slow the spread of secular ideas in Azad Kashmir. It had its own ''amir'', Maulana Abdul Bari, who had previously participated in the [[First Kashmir War]] (1947) as well as the [[Operation Gibraltar]] (1965).<ref name=Jamal>
{{citation |last=Jamal |first=Arif |title=Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNO5MAAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Melville House |isbn=978-1-933633-59-6 |pages=108–109}}
</ref><ref name=Puri>
{{citation |last=Puri |first=Luv |title=Across the Line of Control: Inside Azad Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYVcuqYr5FIC |date=2012 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-80084-6 |pages=101–103}}
</ref>
The main activity of the Azad Kashmir wing is noted as the sponsorship of [[Kashmir insurgency|jihad]] in [[Indian-administered Kashmir]]. Bari said that he was called for a meeting with President [[Zia ul-Haq]] in 1980, and asked to make preparations. He travelled to the Kashmir Valley and eventually persuaded the leaders of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]]. However, despite having several groups of Islamist youth trained in militancy, the Kashmiri Jamaat was hesitant to take the plunge. Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] then used the pro-independence [[Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front]] (JKLF) to initiate operations in July 1988.<ref name=Riedel>
{{citation |last=Riedel |first=Bruce |title=Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3DQKuPzAXAC |year=2012 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8157-2283-0 |page=26}}
</ref><ref name=Sirrs>
{{citation |last=Sirrs |first=Owen L. |title=Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_S-TDAAAQBAJ |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-19609-9 |pages=157–159}}
</ref>{{sfn|Jamal|2009|pp=112–115}}
A year later, Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir sent operatives to Indian-administered Kashmir to bring all the Islamist groups under an umbrella group called [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] as a counter to the JKLF. Jointly with Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, it also persuaded the Kashmiri Jamaat to take charge of Hizbul Mujahideen by June 1990, and a Jamaat leader called [[Syed Salahuddin]] was appointed as its chief.{{sfn|Jamal|2009|pp=140–144}}
Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir also has a student wing called Islami Jamiat-i-Tulaba (IJT). It gained popularity after the founding of Hizbul Mujahideen.<ref name=Puri/> Many of its members are said to join the ranks of Hizbul Mujahideen in due course.{{sfn|Puri|2012|p=104}}
===Connections with terrorism===
Jama'ati was said to had close links to many banned outfits of Pakistan. The most notable connection was with the [[Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]]. This militant organisation grew as an offshoot of Jammat e Islami and was founded by [[Sufi Muhammad]] in 1992 after he left Jamaat-e-Islami.<ref name=satp>
{{cite web
| title = Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (Movement for the Enforcement of Islamic Laws)
| publisher = South Asia Terrorism Portal
| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/TNSM.htm
| access-date = 18 February 2009}}
</ref><ref name=jand>
{{cite news|last=Jan |first=Delawar |title=Nizam-e-Adl Regulation for Malakand, Kohistan announced |publisher=The News International |date=17 February 2009 |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372 |access-date=30 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616085917/http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372 |archive-date=16 June 2009 }}
</ref><ref name=nasirsa>
{{cite news
|last=Nasir
|first=Sohail Abdul
|title=Religious Organization TNSM Re-Emerges in Pakistan
|journal=Terrorism Focus
|volume=3
|issue=19
|publisher=[[The Jamestown Foundation]]
|date=17 May 2006
|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=740&tx_ttnews[backPid]=239&no_cache=1
|access-date=9 February 2009
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120850/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=497&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1
|archive-date= 3 September 2014 }}</ref>
When the founder was imprisoned on 15 January 2002, [[Maulana Fazlullah]], his son-in-law, assumed leadership of the group. In the aftermath of the 2007 [[siege of Lal Masjid]], Fazlullah's forces and [[Baitullah Mehsud]]'s [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) formed an alliance. Fazlullah and his army reportedly received orders from Mehsud.<ref name=rehmatk>
{{cite news
| last = Rehmat
| first = Kamran
| title = Swat: Pakistan's lost paradise
| publisher = [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]
| location = Islamabad
| date = 27 January 2009
| url = http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2009/01/200912512351598892.html
| access-date = 3 February 2009}}
</ref>
After the death of [[Hakimullah Mehsud]] in a drone attack, Fazlullah was appointed as the new "Amir" (Chief) of the [[Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan]] on 7 November 2013.<ref name=reuters071113>{{cite news|last=Mujtaba |first=Haji |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-idUSBRE9A60OR20131107 |title=No more peace talks, 'Mullah Radio' tells Pakistan |work=Reuters|date=7 November 2013 |access-date=8 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Bajoria/><ref name="jamestown-black">{{cite news|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=986#.VTP_1fzF-ZM|title=The Black-Turbaned Brigade: The Rise of TNSM in Pakistan|author=Hassan Abbas|publisher=Jamestown Foundation|date=12 April 2006|access-date=19 April 2015}}</ref> In a May 2010 interview, U.S. Gen. [[David Petraeus]] described the TTP's relationship with other militant groups as difficult to decipher: "There is clearly a symbiotic relationship between all of these different organizations: al-Qaeda, the Pakistani Taliban, the Afghan Taliban, TNSM [Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]. And it's very difficult to parse and to try to distinguish between them. They support each other, they coordinate with each other, sometimes they compete with each other, [and] sometimes they even fight each other. But at the end of the day, there is quite a relationship between them."
<ref name=Bajoria>{{cite web| last = Bajoria| first = Jayshree| title = Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists| publisher = Council on Foreign Relations| date = 6 February 2008| url = http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1%26hide%3D1%26id%3D13611%26filter%3D456| access-date = 30 March 2009| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090514060717/http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1&hide=1&id=13611&filter=456| archive-date = 14 May 2009}}</ref><ref name=gall2009327>{{cite news | author =[[Carlotta Gall]], Ismail Khan, [[Pir Zubair Shah]] and Taimoor Shah| title = Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of U.S. Influx |work=[[The New York Times]]| date = 26 March 2009| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html| access-date =27 March 2009}}</ref>
According to another source, TNSM and Jamaat-e-Islami (JIP) seem to have been locked in a turf war in the [[Malakand District]] of Pakistan, and the Jamaat-Ulema-e-Islam, JIP, and TNSM are in conflict with each other in the tribal areas for power and influence.<ref name=mapping>{{cite web|title=Tehreek Nifaz-e-Shariat Mohammadi|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/411|website=Mapping Militant Organizations|publisher=Stanford University|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>
== List of Emirs ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: Sirajul Haq re-elected Jamaat-e-Islami chief |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-sirajul-haq-re-elected-jamaat-e-islami-chief/1424883 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=aa.com.tr}}</ref>
! Term
|- align=center
| 1
| [[Abul A'la Maududi]]
| 1941–1972
|- align=center
| 2
| [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]]
| 1972–1987
|- align=center
| 3
| [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]]
| 1987–2009
|- align=center
| 4
| [[Munawar Hasan|Syed Munawar Hassan]]
| 2009–2014
|- align=center
| 5
| [[Siraj-ul-Haq]]
| 2014–2024
|- align=center
| 6
| [[Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman]]
| 2024–present
|- align=center
|}
== Leaders ==
* [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1940–1972)
*[[Naeem Siddiqui]]
* [[Mian Tufail Mohammad]] (1972–1987)
* [[Qazi Hussain Ahmad]] (1987–2008)
* [[Muhammad Athar Qureshi]]
* [[Syed Munawar Hassan]] (2008–2014)
* [[Siraj-ul-Haq]] (2014–2024)
* [[Mushtaq Ahmad Khan]]
* [[Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (Pakistani senator)|Muhammad Ibrahim Khan]]
* [[Khurram Murad]]
* [[Liaqat Baloch]]
* [[Khurshid Ahmad (scholar)|Khurshid Ahmad]]
* [[Abdul Ghaffar Aziz]]<ref>{{cite news |date=6 October 2020 |title=JI leader buried|work=[[The News International]] |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/725316-ji-leader-buried}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-05 |title=JI Vice-Amir Abdul Ghaffar Aziz passes away |url=http://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2142586 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[Samaa TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 June 2019 |title=JI chief slams govt for inducting an 'IMF agent' |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/413247/ji-chief-slams-govt-for-inducting-an-imf-agent/ |access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman]] (2024–present)
* [[Naimatullah Khan]]
==See also==
* [[Naeem Siddiqui]]
* [[Israr Ahmed]]
* [[Sayed Ahmad Khan]]
* [[Amin Ahsan Islahi]]
* [[Allamah]] [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]]
* [[Abdul Qader Molla]]
* [[Motiur Rahman Nizami]]
* [[Merajuddin Khan]]
* [[List of Islamic political parties]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Guidere |first=M. |title=Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA356 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780810879652 |ref={{sfnref|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012}}}}
* {{citation |editor-last=Schmid |editor-first=Alex |title=The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research |year=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-41157-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PXpFxKRsHgC }}
* {{citation |last=Tomsen |first=Peter |title=The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers |year=2011 |publisher=Public Affairs |isbn=978-1-58648-763-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=86w4DgAAQBAJ }}
* {{citation |last1=Nasr |first1=Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr |author-link=Vali Reza Nasr |title=The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: the Jamaat-i Islami of Pakistan |date=1994 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=9780520083691 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LWepMdh7OkC |ref={{sfnref|Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution|1994}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Nasr |first1=Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr |author-link=Vali Reza Nasr |title=Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, New York |isbn=9780195357110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC |ref={{sfnref|Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism|1996}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Haqqani |first1=Husain |author-link=Husain Haqqani |title=Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military |date=2005 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |url=http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20%281%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013162307/http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20(1).pdf |archive-date=13 October 2017 |url-status=dead |ref={{sfnref|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005}}}}
==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.jamaat.org}}
*[https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1 Jamaat-e-Islami] on [[Facebook]]
*[https://twitter.com/JIPOfficial?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor Jamaat-e-Islami] on [[Twitter]]
*[https://www.instagram.com/jipofficial/?hl=en Jamaat-e-Islami] on [[Instagram]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4470254.stm Bangladesh ruling party expels MP] [[BBC]], 25 November 2005
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4320078.stm Pakistan rulers claim poll boost] [[BBC]], 7 October 2005
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4156808.stm Who's afraid of the six-party alliance?] [[BBC]], 17 August 2005
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4155474.stm Pakistan 'hate' paper crackdown] [[BBC]], 16 August 2005
*[https://www.theguardian.com/religion/Story/0,,1548826,00.html Radical links of UK's 'moderate' Muslim group] [[Martin Bright]], [[The Observer]], 14 August 2005
*[https://fas.org/irp/congress/1993_rpt/house_repub_report.html Congressional Report: The New Islamist International](from [[Federation of American Scientists|FAS]] site) [[Bill McCollum]], US Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 1 February 1993.
*[https://readmaududi.com/ (Read Maududi)]
{{Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)}}
{{Pakistani political parties}}
{{IslamismSA}}
{{Islamism}}
{{Pakistan topics}}{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamaat-E-Islami}}
[[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:1940s in Islam]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Anti-capitalist organizations]]
[[Category:Islamic organisations based in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Islamic political parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
| abbreviation = JIP
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1941|08|26}} in [[Islamia Park]], [[Lahore]], [[British India]] <br/> {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1947}} in Pakistan
-| ideology = [[Islamism]]<br>[[Panislamism]]<br>[[Islamic revivalism]]<br>[[Social conservatism]]
+| ideology = [[Islamism]]<br>[[Panislamism]]<br>[[Islamic revivalism]]<br>[[Social conservatism]]<br>[[Antiliberalism]]<br>[[Anticapitalism]]<br>[[Anticommunism]]<br>[[Antizionism]]
| headquarters = [[Multan Road]], [[Mansoorah, Lahore|Mansoorah]], [[Lahore]]
| international = [[Muslim Brotherhood]]<br/> [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind|JI (Hind)]]<br/> [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|JI (Bangladesh)]]<br/> [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|JI (Kashmir)]]<br/>[[UK Islamic Mission]]
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@
| colors = {{colour box|#008000}}{{colour box|#FFFFFF}}{{colour box|{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan}}}} Green, white, blue
| founder = [[Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi]]
-| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]
+| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] to [[Far-right]]
| student_wing = [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]]
| wing1_title = Labour wing
@@ -53,5 +53,5 @@
{{Islamism sidebar}}
[[File:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Logo.svg|thumb|right|The logo used on Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan's [[Facebook]] page.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1 |title=Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan |via=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>]]
-'''Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan''' ('''JIP'''), is a Pakistani [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. It is the Pakistani successor to [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], which was founded in [[colonial India]] in 1941.<ref name="NG336"/> JIP is a "[[vanguard party]]", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an "[[Emir|ameer]]".<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=70}} Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with [[Deobandi]] and [[Barelvi]] (represented by [[Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F)|Jamiat Ulema-e Islam]] political party and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan]] party respectively).<ref name=roy-88>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Olivier|title=The Failure of Political Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88 88]|isbn=9780674291409 |quote=Islam in Pakistan is divided into three tendencies: the Jamaat, which is the Islamist party and which, although it does not have extensive popular roots, is politically influential; the 'deobandi' , administered by fundamentalists and reformist ulamas; and the Barelvi, which recruits from popular and Sufi Islamic circles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=bin Mohamed Osman |first1=Mohamed Nawab |title=The Ulama in Pakistani Politics |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=230–247 |issn=0085-6401 |doi=10.1080/00856400903049499 |s2cid=219698819 |ref={{sfnref|bin Mohamed Osman, The Ulama in Pakistani Politics|2009}}}}</ref>
+'''Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan''' ('''JIP'''), is a Pakistani [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. The aim of this political party is to make Pakistan an [[Islamic state]], governed by [[Sharia law]], through a gradual legal, and political process. It opposes capitalism, liberalism, socialism and secularism as well as economic practices such as offering bank interest. It is the Pakistani successor to [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], which was founded in [[colonial India]] in 1941.<ref name="NG336"/> JIP is a "[[vanguard party]]", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an "[[Emir|ameer]]".<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=70}} Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with [[Deobandi]] and [[Barelvi]] (represented by [[Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F)|Jamiat Ulema-e Islam]] political party and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan]] party respectively).<ref name=roy-88>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Olivier|title=The Failure of Political Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88 88]|isbn=9780674291409 |quote=Islam in Pakistan is divided into three tendencies: the Jamaat, which is the Islamist party and which, although it does not have extensive popular roots, is politically influential; the 'deobandi' , administered by fundamentalists and reformist ulamas; and the Barelvi, which recruits from popular and Sufi Islamic circles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=bin Mohamed Osman |first1=Mohamed Nawab |title=The Ulama in Pakistani Politics |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=230–247 |issn=0085-6401 |doi=10.1080/00856400903049499 |s2cid=219698819 |ref={{sfnref|bin Mohamed Osman, The Ulama in Pakistani Politics|2009}}}}</ref>
[[Jamaat-e-Islami]] was founded in [[Islamia Park]], [[Lahore]], [[British India]] in 1941 by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, [[Abul Ala Maududi]], who was widely influenced by the [[Sharia]] based reign of the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Roy|title=Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State|date=2010|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781136950360}}</ref> At the time of the [[Indian independence movement]], Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami actively worked to [[opposition to the partition of India|oppose the partition of India]].<ref name="Oh2007"/><ref name="NG336"/><ref name="Gupta2016"/> In 1947, following the [[partition of India]], the Jamaat split into two organisations, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]] (the Indian wing).<ref>{{citation |last=Ahmad |first=Irfan |chapter=The Jewish hand: the response of the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind |editor1=Peter van der Veer |editor2=S. Munshi |title=Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAm_YptXTPMC&pg=PA138 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2004 |page=138 |isbn=9780415331401}}</ref>{{sfnp|Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism|2012|p=223}} Other wings of Jamaat include [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]], founded in 1953, [[#Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir]] founded in 1974, and [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]], founded in 1975.{{sfnp|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005|p=171}}
' |
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0 => '| ideology = [[Islamism]]<br>[[Panislamism]]<br>[[Islamic revivalism]]<br>[[Social conservatism]]<br>[[Antiliberalism]]<br>[[Anticapitalism]]<br>[[Anticommunism]]<br>[[Antizionism]]',
1 => '| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] to [[Far-right]]',
2 => ''''Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan''' ('''JIP'''), is a Pakistani [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. The aim of this political party is to make Pakistan an [[Islamic state]], governed by [[Sharia law]], through a gradual legal, and political process. It opposes capitalism, liberalism, socialism and secularism as well as economic practices such as offering bank interest. It is the Pakistani successor to [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], which was founded in [[colonial India]] in 1941.<ref name="NG336"/> JIP is a "[[vanguard party]]", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an "[[Emir|ameer]]".<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=70}} Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with [[Deobandi]] and [[Barelvi]] (represented by [[Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F)|Jamiat Ulema-e Islam]] political party and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan]] party respectively).<ref name=roy-88>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Olivier|title=The Failure of Political Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88 88]|isbn=9780674291409 |quote=Islam in Pakistan is divided into three tendencies: the Jamaat, which is the Islamist party and which, although it does not have extensive popular roots, is politically influential; the 'deobandi' , administered by fundamentalists and reformist ulamas; and the Barelvi, which recruits from popular and Sufi Islamic circles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=bin Mohamed Osman |first1=Mohamed Nawab |title=The Ulama in Pakistani Politics |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=230–247 |issn=0085-6401 |doi=10.1080/00856400903049499 |s2cid=219698819 |ref={{sfnref|bin Mohamed Osman, The Ulama in Pakistani Politics|2009}}}}</ref>'
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
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1 => '| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]',
2 => ''''Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan''' ('''JIP'''), is a Pakistani [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. It is the Pakistani successor to [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], which was founded in [[colonial India]] in 1941.<ref name="NG336"/> JIP is a "[[vanguard party]]", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an "[[Emir|ameer]]".<ref name="Adel (2012)"/>{{rp|page=70}} Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with [[Deobandi]] and [[Barelvi]] (represented by [[Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F)|Jamiat Ulema-e Islam]] political party and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan]] party respectively).<ref name=roy-88>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Olivier|title=The Failure of Political Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88 88]|isbn=9780674291409 |quote=Islam in Pakistan is divided into three tendencies: the Jamaat, which is the Islamist party and which, although it does not have extensive popular roots, is politically influential; the 'deobandi' , administered by fundamentalists and reformist ulamas; and the Barelvi, which recruits from popular and Sufi Islamic circles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=bin Mohamed Osman |first1=Mohamed Nawab |title=The Ulama in Pakistani Politics |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=230–247 |issn=0085-6401 |doi=10.1080/00856400903049499 |s2cid=219698819 |ref={{sfnref|bin Mohamed Osman, The Ulama in Pakistani Politics|2009}}}}</ref>'
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2 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4320078.stm',
3 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4156808.stm',
4 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4155474.stm',
5 => 'http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20(1).pdf',
6 => 'https://fas.org/irp/congress/1993_rpt/house_repub_report.html',
7 => 'http://freebanglaebooks.com/bangla-ebook/muktijuddho-71-punished-war-criminals-under-dalal-law/',
8 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/religion/Story/0,,1548826,00.html',
9 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=pAm_YptXTPMC&pg=PA138',
10 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA479',
11 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA180',
12 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA480',
13 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA356',
14 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC',
15 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=RS73Xn1Gjv8C&pg=PA67',
16 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=GPsnizjHBx4C&pg=PA158',
17 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=xGE5YshINtMC&pg=PA244',
18 => 'https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir',
19 => 'https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir/page/n52',
20 => 'https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/52379/13/13_chapter%207.pdf#page=74',
21 => 'https://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-zakir-naik-is-dangerous/20160718.htm',
22 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=_PXpFxKRsHgC',
23 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=86w4DgAAQBAJ',
24 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=5LWepMdh7OkC',
25 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&q=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA441',
26 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC&q=Tens+of+thousands+of+Jamaat+activists+and+sympathisers&pg=PA17',
27 => 'https://dailytimes.com.pk/413247/ji-chief-slams-govt-for-inducting-an-imf-agent/',
28 => 'https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/725316-ji-leader-buried',
29 => 'https://abulhasanalinadwi.org/books/Biography.pdf',
30 => 'https://www.dawn.com/news/1219955/',
31 => 'https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/808519-family-from-lahore-always-selected-we-weren-t-bilawal',
32 => 'http://www.jamaat.org/',
33 => 'https://readmaududi.com/',
34 => 'https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/865975-alkhidmat-spent-rs8-2bn-in-a-year-on-welfare',
35 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=TNO5MAAACAAJ',
36 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=kYVcuqYr5FIC',
37 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=w3DQKuPzAXAC',
38 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=_S-TDAAAQBAJ',
39 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20171013162307/http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20(1).pdf',
40 => 'http://www.jamaat.org/',
41 => 'https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1',
42 => 'https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo',
43 => 'https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88',
44 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219698819',
45 => 'http://beta.dawn.com/news/257869/qazi-tenders-resignation',
46 => 'http://tribune.com.pk/story/2251036/syed-munawar-hasan-socialist-turned-islamic-political-leader',
47 => 'http://www.dawn.com/news/1096635',
48 => 'https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-sirajul-haq-re-elected-jamaat-e-islami-chief/1424883',
49 => 'http://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2142586',
50 => 'https://twitter.com/JIPOfficial?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor',
51 => 'https://www.instagram.com/jipofficial/?hl=en',
52 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=OVcUAQAAIAAJ',
53 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=F_OUc-TvGOIC&dq=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA108',
54 => 'https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/102009-JI-chief-leads-funeral-prayer-in-absentia-for-Mumtaz-Qadri',
55 => 'https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856400903049499',
56 => 'http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/TNSM.htm',
57 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090616085917/http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372',
58 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120850/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=497&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1',
59 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090514060717/http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=/bios/13611/jayshree_bajoria?groupby%3D1&hide=1&id=13611&filter=456',
60 => 'http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372',
61 => 'http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=740&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=239&no_cache=1',
62 => 'http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=986#.VTP_1fzF-ZM',
63 => 'http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2009/01/200912512351598892.html',
64 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-idUSBRE9A60OR20131107',
65 => 'http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=/bios/13611/jayshree_bajoria?groupby%3D1%26hide%3D1%26id%3D13611%26filter%3D456',
66 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html',
67 => 'https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/411',
68 => 'https://www.dawn.com/news/1825672/hafiz-naeem-elected-new-jamaat-i-islami-emir',
69 => 'https://tribune.com.pk/story/2461635/hafiz-naeemur-rehman-elected-as-amir-of-jamaat-e-islami',
70 => 'https://theprint.in/world/pakistan-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-against-govt-in-balochistans-pishin/2039570/',
71 => 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0085-6401',
72 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475103#identifiers',
73 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/50144814357370475692',
74 => 'http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007296998205171',
75 => 'https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cemaat-i-islami'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. For other organisations with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jamaat-e-Islami (disambiguation)">Jamaat-e-Islami (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in Pakistan</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #078edf; border-bottom:2px solid #078edf; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan<br />Islamic Assembly of Pakistan</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname"><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">جماعت اسلامی پاکستان</span></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.png/150px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.png/225px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="402" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">JIP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majeed_Badini" title="Abdul Majeed Badini">Abdul Majeed Badini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Ameer</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Naeem_ur_Rehman" title="Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman">Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Naib" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib">Naib</a> <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Ameer</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liaqat_Baloch" title="Liaqat Baloch">Liaqat Baloch</a><sup id="cite_ref-Family_from_Lahore_always_'selected',_we_weren’t:_Bilawal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Family_from_Lahore_always_'selected',_we_weren’t:_Bilawal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Abul_A%27la_Maududi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi">Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">26 August 1941<span class="noprint"><br />(83 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1941-08-26</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Islamia_Park" title="Islamia Park">Islamia Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> <br /> 1947<span class="noprint"><br />(77 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1947</span>)</span> in Pakistan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Multan_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Multan Road">Multan Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mansoorah,_Lahore" title="Mansoorah, Lahore">Mansoorah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Daily_Jasarat" title="Daily Jasarat">Daily Jasarat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/JI_Youth" title="JI Youth">JI Youth</a><sup id="cite_ref-ET:_JI_launches_its_youth_wing_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET:_JI_launches_its_youth_wing-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_wing" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Jamaat-e-Islami Women's Wing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Labour wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Federation_(Pakistan)" title="National Labour Federation (Pakistan)">National Labour Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Welfare wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alkhidmat_Foundation_Pakistan" title="Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan">Alkhidmat Foundation</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Panislamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Panislamism">Panislamism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_revivalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic revivalism">Islamic revivalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Antiliberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiliberalism">Antiliberalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anticapitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticapitalism">Anticapitalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anticommunism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticommunism">Anticommunism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Antizionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Antizionism">Antizionism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">Far-right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tehreek_Tahafuz_Ayin" title="Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin">Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Hind">JI (Hind)</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">JI (Bangladesh)</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Kashmir" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir">JI (Kashmir)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/UK_Islamic_Mission" title="UK Islamic Mission">UK Islamic Mission</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#078edf; color:black;"> </span> Green, white, blue</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 336</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan">Balochistan Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 65</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 128</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Sindh" title="Provincial Assembly of Sindh">Sindh Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 168</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Assembly of Punjab">Punjab Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 371</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly">GB Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Azad Kashmir Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 49</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #078edf; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance-Scale.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Balance-Scale.svg/150px-Balance-Scale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Balance-Scale.svg/225px-Balance-Scale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Balance-Scale.svg/300px-Balance-Scale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Flag.svg/180px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Flag.svg/270px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Flag.svg/360px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaat.org/">www<wbr />.jamaat<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Urdu)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #078edf;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics of Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;font-size:88%; line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamism" title="Category:Islamism">a series</a> on</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:230%;"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Fundamentals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamism" title="History of Islamism">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Politics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_secularism" title="Islam and secularism">Secularism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">International propagation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region">Salafism by country/region</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement">Deobandi movement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Principlism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Principlism in Iran">Shia Islamism</a><br /></li></ul>
<a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy in Islam</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Takfir" title="Takfir">Takfir</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_governance" title="Islamic governance">Islamic governance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Islamic liberalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_monarchy" title="Islamic monarchy">Islamic monarchy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_knowledge" title="Islamization of knowledge">of knowledge</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_Islam" title="Political Islam">Political Islam</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">aspects</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">Shura</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Influences</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Scholastic</b>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dawat-e-Islami" title="Dawat-e-Islami">Dawat-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nur_movement" title="Nur movement">Nurcu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">International propagation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region">by country/region</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<p><b>Political</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salafist_Call" title="Salafist Call">Salafist Call</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salafist_Front" title="Salafist Front">Salafist Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Labbaik_Pakistan" title="Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan">Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">List of Islamic political parties</a></li></ul>
<p><b>Militant</b>
</p>
<ul><li>Militant Islamism based in
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East">MENA region</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">South Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caliphate_or_the_Supreme_Imamate_(book)" title="The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)">The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rashid_Rida" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rashid Rida">Rashīd Rīďha 1922</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam" title="The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam">Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal 1930s</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam" title="The Principles of State and Government in Islam">Principles of State and Government</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Asad 1961</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Milestones_(book)" title="Milestones (book)"><i>Ma'alim fi al-Tariq</i> ("Milestones")</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb 1965</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government:_Governance_of_the_Jurist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist"><i>Islamic Government: <br />Governance of the Jurist</i> ("Velayat-e faqih")</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini 1970</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Heads of state</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zia_ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia ul-Haq">Zia ul-Haq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">House of Saud</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">House of Thani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key ideologues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_al-Masri" title="Abu Hamza al-Masri">Abu Hamza al-Masri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jam%C4%81l_al-D%C4%ABn_al-Afgh%C4%81n%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī">Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rached_Ghannouchi" title="Rached Ghannouchi">Rached Ghannouchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi" title="Safwat Hegazi">Safwat Hegazi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Necip_Faz%C4%B1l_K%C4%B1sak%C3%BCrek" title="Necip Fazıl Kısakürek">Necip Fazıl Kısakürek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Nadwi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Hasan Nadwi">Abul Hasan Nadwi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani" title="Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani">Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ramadan" title="Tariq Ramadan">Tariq Ramadan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Abu_Rashta" title="Ata Abu Rashta">Ata Abu Rashta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Navvab_Safavi" title="Navvab Safavi">Navvab Safavi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Ali Shariati</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Al-Turabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Al-Turabi">Hassan Al-Turabi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Criticism of Islamism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism of Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberal and reform movements within Islam</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_Europe" title="Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe">in Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_North_America" title="Liberal and progressive Islam in North America">in North America</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Abu_al-Fadl" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaled Abu al-Fadl">Khaled Abu al-Fadl</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Farag_Foda" title="Farag Foda">Farag Foda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdelwahab_Meddeb" title="Abdelwahab Meddeb">Abdelwahab Meddeb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Namazie" title="Maryam Namazie">Maryam Namazie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maajid_Nawaaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Maajid Nawaaz">Maajid Nawaaz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Harris (author)">Sam Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Roy_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivier Roy (professor)">Olivier Roy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bassam_Tibi" title="Bassam Tibi">Bassam Tibi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sa%27id_al-Ashmawi" title="Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi">Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Kepel" title="Gilles Kepel">Gilles Kepel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Maher" title="Shiraz Maher">Shiraz Maher</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Ranstorp" title="Magnus Ranstorp">Magnus Ranstorp</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_modernity" title="Islam and modernity">Islam and modernity</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Modernism">Modernism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Islam and other religions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.svg/220px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.svg/330px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.svg/440px-Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="229" /></a><figcaption>The logo used on Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure>
<p><b>Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</b> (<b>JIP</b>), is a Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> political party. The aim of this political party is to make Pakistan an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a>, governed by <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">Sharia law</a>, through a gradual legal, and political process. It opposes capitalism, liberalism, socialism and secularism as well as economic practices such as offering bank interest. It is the Pakistani successor to <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a>, which was founded in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial India</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-NG336_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG336-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JIP is a "<a href="/wiki/Vanguard_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard party">vanguard party</a>", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an "<a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">ameer</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Adel_(2012)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adel_(2012)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 70">: 70 </span></sup> Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a> (represented by <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e_Islam_(F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F)">Jamiat Ulema-e Islam</a> political party and <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan</a> party respectively).<sup id="cite_ref-roy-88_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy-88-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Islamia_Park" title="Islamia Park">Islamia Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> in 1941 by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Abul_Ala_Maududi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Ala Maududi">Abul Ala Maududi</a>, who was widely influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> based reign of the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>, Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami actively worked to <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">oppose the partition of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oh2007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oh2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NG336_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG336-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gupta2016_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, following the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, the Jamaat split into two organisations, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Hind">Jamaat-e-Islami Hind</a> (the Indian wing).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012223_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012223-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other wings of Jamaat include <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Kashmir" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir">Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir</a>, founded in 1953, <a href="#Jamaat-e-Islami_Azad_Kashmir">Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir</a> founded in 1974, and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a>, founded in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005171_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005171-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan came under severe government repression in 1948, 1953, and 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199697_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199697-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early years of the regime of General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>, Jamaat-e-Islami's position improved and it became seen as the "regime's ideological and political arm", with party members at times holding cabinet portfolios of information and broadcasting, production, and water, power and natural resources.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005138_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005138-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1971, during the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>, JIP opposed the independence of Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1975, it established Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh with Abbas Ali Khan as the first ameer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005171_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005171-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the early 1980s, it has also developed close links with Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir and acted as the vanguard of the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir insurgency">armed insurgency</a> in that province.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamal2009Chapters_3–4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamal2009Chapters_3–4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESirrs2016157–161_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESirrs2016157–161-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Syed_Abul_A'la_Maududi_(1941–1972)"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Syed Abul A'la Maududi (1941–1972)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Founding_of_JIP_in_colonial_India"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Founding of JIP in colonial India</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pakistan"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pakistan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Mian_Tufail_Mohammad_(1972–1987)"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Mian Tufail Mohammad (1972–1987)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad_(1987–2008)"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Qazi Hussain Ahmad (1987–2008)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Successful_long_march_against_Bhutto's_government"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Successful long march against Bhutto's government</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sayyed_Munawer_Hassan_(2008–2014)"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Sayyed Munawer Hassan (2008–2014)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Siraj-ul-Haq_(2014–2024)"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Siraj-ul-Haq (2014–2024)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Hafiz_Naeem_Ur_Rehman_(2024-Present)"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman (2024-Present)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Organisations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Organisations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Jamaat-e-Islami_Azad_Kashmir"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Connections_with_terrorism"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Connections with terrorism</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#List_of_Emirs"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">List of Emirs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Leaders"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Leaders</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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</div>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Growth of JIP<sup id="cite_ref-growth-371_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-growth-371-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Year
</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Members<br /> (<i>Arkan</i>)
</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sympathizers and workers<br />(<i>Hum-Khayal</i>)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1941</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>(unknown)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951</td>
<td>659</td>
<td>2,913
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1989</td>
<td>5,723</td>
<td>305,792
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2003</td>
<td>16,033</td>
<td>4.5 million
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2017</td>
<td>37000</td>
<td>(unknown)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><small>SOURCE: <i>Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World</i> (2004)</small><sup id="cite_ref-growth-371_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-growth-371-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syed_Abul_A'la_Maududi_(1941–1972)"><span id="Syed_Abul_A.27la_Maududi_.281941.E2.80.931972.29"></span>Syed Abul A'la Maududi (1941–1972)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Jamaat-e-Islami's founder and leader until 1972 was <a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a>, a widely read Islamist philosopher and political commentator, who wrote about the role of Islam in South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-kepel-34_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kepel-34-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His thought was influenced by many factors including the <a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>'s ascension at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman Caliphate</a>; and the impact of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Nationalism">Indian Nationalism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hinduism</a> on <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in India. He supported what he called "Islamization from above", through an Islamic state in which sovereignty would be exercised in the name of Allah and Islamic law (<i><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a></i>) would be implemented. Maududi believed politics was "an integral, inseparable part of the Islamic faith, and that the Islamic state that Muslim political action seeks to build" would not only be an act of piety but would also solve the many (seemingly non-religious) social and economic problems that Muslims faced.<sup id="cite_ref-kepel-34_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kepel-34-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution19947_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution19947-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secreteriate_Jamaat-e-Islami_Punjab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Secreteriate_Jamaat-e-Islami_Punjab.jpg/220px-Secreteriate_Jamaat-e-Islami_Punjab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Secreteriate_Jamaat-e-Islami_Punjab.jpg/330px-Secreteriate_Jamaat-e-Islami_Punjab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Secreteriate_Jamaat-e-Islami_Punjab.jpg/440px-Secreteriate_Jamaat-e-Islami_Punjab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Jamaat-e-Islami Headquarter in Lahore</figcaption></figure>
<p>Maududi opposed British rule but also opposed the Muslim nationalist movement (nationalism being un-Islamic) and their plan for a circumscribed "Muslim state". Maududi agitating instead for an "Islamic state" covering the whole of India<sup id="cite_ref-kepel-34_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kepel-34-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – this despite the fact, Muslims made up only about one quarter of India's population.
</p><p>Jamaat-e-Islami thus actively <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">opposed the partition of India</a>, with its leader Maulana Abul A'la Maududi arguing that concept violated the Islamic doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">ummah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oh2007_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oh2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NG336_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG336-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gupta2016_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jamaat-e-Islami saw the partition as creating a temporal border that would divide Muslims from one another.<sup id="cite_ref-Oh2007_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oh2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NG336_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG336-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_JIP_in_colonial_India">Founding of JIP in colonial India</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial India</a> on August 26, 1941 at <a href="/wiki/Islamia_Park" title="Islamia Park">Islamia Park</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, before the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012li_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012li-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JIP began as an <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> social and political movement. Seventy-five people attended the first meeting and became the first members of the movement. Maulana <a href="/wiki/Amin_Ahsan_Islahi" title="Amin Ahsan Islahi">Amin Ahsan Islahi</a>, Maulana <a href="/wiki/Naeem_Siddiqui" title="Naeem Siddiqui">Naeem Siddiqui</a>, Maulana Muhammad Manzoor Naumanai and Maulana <a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Ali_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi">Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi</a> (although he left after a few years)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were among the founders of Jamaat-e-Islami along with Syed Abul Ala Maududi.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Maududi saw his group as a vanguard of Islamic revolution following the footsteps of early Muslims who gathered in Medina to found an Islamic state.<sup id="cite_ref-kepel-34_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kepel-34-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution19947_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution19947-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JIP was and is strictly and hierarchically organised in a pyramid-like structure, working toward the common goal of establishing an ideological Islamic society, particularly though educational and social work, under the leadership of its emirs (commanders or leaders).<sup id="cite_ref-growth-371_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-growth-371-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a vanguard party, its fully-fledged members (<i>arkan</i>) are intended to be leaders and devoted to the party, but there is also a category of much more numerous sympathizers and workers (<i>karkun</i>).
</p><p>The emir is obliged by the party constitution to consult an assembly called the <i>shura</i>. The JIP also developed sub-organisations, such as those for women and students.<sup id="cite_ref-growth-371_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-growth-371-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JIP began by volunteering in refugee camps; performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for <a href="/wiki/Eid-ul-Azha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid-ul-Azha">Eid-ul-Azha</a>.
</p><p>JIP had a number of unique features. All members, including its founder Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah – the traditional act of converts to Islam – when they joined. This was a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic perspective, but to some implied that "the Jamaat stood before Muslim society as Islam before <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahiliyah">jahiliyah</a>", (pre-Islamic ignorance).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Pakistan was formed, it forbade Pakistanis to take an oath of allegiance to the state until it became Islamic, arguing that a Muslim could in clear conscience render allegiance only to God.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199642_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199642-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution1994119–120_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution1994119–120-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<dl><dt>Creation and early years</dt></dl>
<p>Following the Partition of India, Maududi and JIP migrated from East Punjab to <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> in Pakistan. There they volunteered to help the thousands of refugees pouring into the country from India<sup id="cite_ref-Adams-102_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams-102-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics; and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for <a href="/wiki/Eid-ul-Azha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid-ul-Azha">Eid-ul-Azha</a>.
</p><p>During the prime-ministership of <a href="/wiki/Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" title="Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy">Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy</a> (September 1956 – October 1957), JIP argued for a separate voting system for different religious communities. Suhrawardy convened a session of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> and through an alliance with Republicans, his party passed a bill for a mixed voting system.
</p><p>In 1951, it ran candidates for office, but did not do well. JIP found it was more successful in promoting its cause in the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199643_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199643-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election also occasioned a split in the party with the JIP shura passing a resolution in support of the party withdrawing from politics but Maududi arguing for continued involvement. Maududi prevailed and several senior JIP leaders resigned in protest. All this strengthened Maududi's position still further and "a cult of personality began to grow up around him."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199643_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199643-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1953, JIP led "direct action" against the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a>, who the JIP believed should be declared non-Muslims. In March 1953, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_riots_of_1953" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore riots of 1953">riots in Lahore</a> started leading to looting, arson and the killing of at least 200 Ahmadis and the declaration of selective <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>. The military leader, <a href="/wiki/Azam_Khan_(general)" title="Azam Khan (general)">Azam Khan</a> had Maududi arrested and <a href="/wiki/Rahimuddin_Khan" title="Rahimuddin Khan">Rahimuddin Khan</a> sentenced him to death for <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> (writing anti-Ahmadiyya pamphlets). Many JIP supporters were imprisoned during this time.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">1956 Constitution</a> was adopted after <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956#Islamic_provisions" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">accommodating</a> many of the demands of the JIP. Maududi endorsed the constitution and claimed it a victory for Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, JIP formed an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Abdul Qayyum Khan">Abdul Qayyum Khan</a> (Muslim League) and <a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Muhammad_Ali" title="Chaudhry Muhammad Ali">Chaudhry Muhammad Ali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nizam-e-Islam_Party" title="Nizam-e-Islam Party">Nizam-e-Islam Party</a>). The alliance destabilised the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a> (1956–1958), and Pakistan returned to martial law. The military ruler, the president <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Muhammad Ayub Khan</a> (1958–1964), had a modernising agenda and opposed the encroachment of religion into politics. He banned political parties and warned Maududi against continued religio-political activism. JIP offices were closed down, funds were confiscated and Maududi was imprisoned in 1964 and 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>JIP supported the opposition party, the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM). In the 1964–1965 presidential elections, JIP supported the opposition leader, <a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Fatima Jinnah</a>, despite its opposition to women in politics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1965, during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani war">Indo-Pakistani war</a>, JIP supported the government's call for <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>, presenting patriotic speeches on <a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">Radio Pakistan</a> and seeking support from Arab and Central Asian countries. The group resisted <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Bhashani" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Bhashani">Maulana Bhashani</a>'s socialist program of the time.
</p><p>By the end of 1969, the Jamaat-e-Islami was spearheading a major "campaign for the protection of ideology of Pakistan," which it believed was under threat from atheistic socialists and secularists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200546_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200546-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>JIP participated in the <a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">1970 general election</a>. Its political platform advocated political freedom of the provinces and Islamic law based on the Quran and Sunnah. There would be separation of the powers (judiciary and legislature); basic rights for minorities (such as equal employment opportunities and the <i>Bonus Share Scheme</i> allowing factory workers to own shares in their employers' companies); and a policy of strong relationships with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Just prior to the election, <a href="/wiki/Nawabzada_Nasrullah_Khan" title="Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan">Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan</a> left the alliance leaving JIP to run against the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">Pakistan Peoples Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The party had a disappointing showing when it won only four seats in the National Assembly and four in the provincial assemblies after fielding 151 candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199645_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199645-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> won the 1970 election campaign and was strongly opposed by JIP who believed he and his socialist ideology were a threat to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200569_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200569-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<dl><dt>Division</dt></dl>
<p>JIP opposed the <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> East Pakistani separatist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005100_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005100-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a> organised the <a href="/wiki/Al-Badar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Badar">Al-Badar</a> to fight the <a href="/wiki/Mukti_Bahini" title="Mukti Bahini">Mukti Bahini</a> (Bengali liberation forces). In 1971, during the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_liberation_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh liberation war">Bangladesh liberation war</a>, JIP members may have collaborated with the Pakistani army.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (September 2016)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In 1968, Maulana Maududi took leave from Emarat of the Jamaat and Maulana <a href="/wiki/Naeem_Siddiqui" title="Naeem Siddiqui">Naeem Siddiqui</a> became the Ameer of Jamat e Islami for one year. In 1969, Maulana took Charge of the Jamaat again. In 1972, Maududi resigned citing poor health, and Maulana <a href="/wiki/Naeem_Siddiqui" title="Naeem Siddiqui">Naeem Siddiqui</a> refused to become the Ameer of the Jamaat due to his research activities. Thus, in October 1972, the <i>Majlis-e-Shoura</i> (council) elected <a href="/wiki/Mian_Tufail_Mohammad" title="Mian Tufail Mohammad">Mian Tufail Mohammad</a> (1914–2009) as the new leader of JIP. Naeeem Siddiqui was chosen as the general secretary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mian_Tufail_Mohammad_(1972–1987)"><span id="Mian_Tufail_Mohammad_.281972.E2.80.931987.29"></span>Mian Tufail Mohammad (1972–1987)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>After <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> (1973–1977) was elected, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami (<a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a>) burned effigies of him in Lahore and declared his election a "black day". In early 1973, the amir, of the JIP even appealed to the army to overthrow Bhutto's government because of "its inherent moral corruption."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200596_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200596-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>JIP "spearheaded" the anti-Bhutto political movement under the religious banner of <i>Nizam-i-Mustafa</i> (Order of the Prophet). Bhutto attempted to suppress JIP through the imprisonment of JIP and Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba members. There were electoral irregularities at the 1975 elections with JIP members being arrested in order to prevent them from lodging their nomination papers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005120_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005120-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by 1976, JIP had 2 million registrants.
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_election" title="1977 Pakistani general election">1977 election</a>, JIP won nine of the 36 seats won by the opposition <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Alliance" title="Pakistan National Alliance">Pakistan National Alliance</a>. The opposition considered the election rigged (Bhutto's PPP won 155 out of 200 seats) and Maududi, who had been arrested, called on Islamist parties to commence a campaign of <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>-led government of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> intervened to secure Maududi's release from prison warning of revolution in Pakistan. JIP assisted the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Alliance" title="Pakistan National Alliance">Pakistan National Alliance</a> (PNA) to oust Bhutto and met with Zia-ul-Haq for ninety minutes on the night before Bhutto was hanged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005139_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005139-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Initially, JIP supported <a href="/wiki/General_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="General Zia-ul-Haq">General Zia-ul-Haq</a> (1977–1987).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005123_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005123-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In turn, Zia's use of Islamist rhetoric gave JIP importance in public life beyond the size of its membership.<sup id="cite_ref-Osella_(2013)_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osella_(2013)-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to journalist <a href="/wiki/Owen_Bennett-Jones" title="Owen Bennett-Jones">Owen Bennett-Jones</a>, JIP was the "only political party" to offer Zia "consistent support" and was rewarded with jobs for "tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers", giving Zia's Islamic agenda power "long after he died."<sup id="cite_ref-jones-16_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-16-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>However, Zia failed to deliver timely elections and distanced himself from the JIP. When Zia banned <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">student unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a> and pro-JIP labour unions protested. However, JIP did not participate in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">Pakistan Peoples Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Restoration_of_Democracy" title="Movement for the Restoration of Democracy">Movement for the Restoration of Democracy</a>. JIP also supported Zia's <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> and its sister party <a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-e Islami</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani" title="Burhanuddin Rabbani">Burhanuddin Rabbani</a> became part of the <a href="/wiki/Peshawar_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Peshawar Seven">Peshawar Seven</a> that received aid from Saudi Arabia, United States and other jihad supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012272_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012272-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such conundrums caused tension in JIP based on conflict between ideology and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Osella_(2013)_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osella_(2013)-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kepel-104_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kepel-104-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1987, Mian Tufail declined further service as head of JIP for health reasons and <a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a> was elected.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad_(1987–2008)"><span id="Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad_.281987.E2.80.932008.29"></span>Qazi Hussain Ahmad (1987–2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In 1987, when Zia died, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League" title="Pakistan Muslim League">Pakistan Muslim League</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> alliance, <a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamhoori_Ittehad" title="Islami Jamhoori Ittehad">Islami Jamhoori Ittehad</a> (IJI).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990 when <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> came to power, JIP boycotted the cabinet on the basis that the Pakistan Peoples' Party and the Pakistan Muslim League were problematic to equal degrees.
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">election of 1993</a>, JIP won three seats. In this year, JIP was a member of the newly formed All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) which promotes the independence of Jammu and Kashmir from India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism201226_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism201226-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, JIP had allegedly set up the <a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizb-ul-Mujahideen</a>, a Kashmir liberation militia to oppose the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Kashmir_Liberation_Front" title="Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front">Kashmir Liberation Front</a> which fights for the complete independence of the Kashmir region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012127_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012127-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ahmad left his position in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a> in protest against corruption.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successful_long_march_against_Bhutto's_government"><span id="Successful_long_march_against_Bhutto.27s_government"></span>Successful long march against Bhutto's government</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>On 20 July 1996, Qazi Hussain Ahmed announced to start protests against government alleging corruption. Qazi Hussain resigned from the Senate on 27 September and announced the start of a long march against <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>'s government. The protest started on 27 October 1996 by Jamaat-e-Islami and opposition parties. On 4 November 1996, Bhutto's government was dismissed by <a href="/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">President Leghari</a> primarily because of corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-Adel_(2012)_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adel_(2012)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JIP then boycotted the <a href="/wiki/1997_Pakistani_general_election" title="1997 Pakistani general election">1997 election</a>, and therefore, lost representation in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a>. However, the party remained politically active, for example, protesting the arrival of the Indian Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Declaration" title="Lahore Declaration">in Lahore</a>.
</p><p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> took power in a <a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">military coup</a>. JIP, at first, welcomed the general but then objected when Musharraf began to make secular reforms and then again in 2001, when Pakistan joined the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a>, alleging Musharraf had betrayed the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>. JIP condemned the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">events of 11 September 2001</a>, but equally condemned the US when Afghanistan <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">was invaded</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adel_(2012)_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adel_(2012)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 69">: 69 </span></sup> Some members of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>, for example, <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a>, were arrested in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Gannon2006_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gannon2006-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spencer2003_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer2003-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_election" title="2002 Pakistani general election">2002 election</a>, JIP made an alliance of religious parties called <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Majlis-e-Amal" title="Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal">Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal</a> (MMA) (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">United Council of Action</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and won 53 seats, including most of those representing the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> province.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012356_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012356-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JIP continued its opposition to the War on terrorism, particularly the presence of American troops and agencies in Pakistan. JIP also called for restoration of judiciary.
</p><p>In 2006, JIP opposed the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">Women's Protection Bill</a> saying it did not need to be scrapped but instead, be applied in a fairer way and be more clearly understood by judges. Ahmed said,
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<dl><dd>"Those who oppose [these] laws are only trying to run away from Islam. ... These laws do not affect women adversely. Our system wants to protect women from unnecessary worry and save them the trouble of appearing in court."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005145_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005145-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>
<p>Samia Raheel Qazi, MP and daughter of Ahmed stated,
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<dl><dd>"We have been against the bill from the start. The <a href="/wiki/Hudood_Ordinance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudood Ordinance">Hudood Ordinance</a> was devised by a highly qualified group of <a href="/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema">Ulema</a>, and is beyond question".</dd></dl>
<p>At least during the time of Ahmad, the position of JIP on revolutionary action was that it was not ready to turn to extra-legal action but that its objectives are definite (<i>qat'i</i>) but its methods are "open to interpretation and adaptation (<i>ijtihadi</i>)" based on the "exigencies of the moment".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 July 2007, <a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a> tendered his resignation from the National Assembly to protest against the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lal_Masjid" title="Siege of Lal Masjid">Army operation</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lal_Masjid,_Islamabad" title="Lal Masjid, Islamabad">Lal Masjid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sayyed_Munawer_Hassan_(2008–2014)"><span id="Sayyed_Munawer_Hassan_.282008.E2.80.932014.29"></span>Sayyed Munawer Hassan (2008–2014)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In 2008, JIP and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf</a> again boycotted the <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">elections</a>. Ahmad declined to stand for re-election due to health issues, and <a href="/wiki/Syed_Munawar_Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Munawar Hassan">Syed Munawar Hassan</a> was elected as the ameer.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siraj-ul-Haq_(2014–2024)"><span id="Siraj-ul-Haq_.282014.E2.80.932024.29"></span>Siraj-ul-Haq (2014–2024)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>On 30 March 2014, <a href="/wiki/Siraj-ul-Haq" title="Siraj-ul-Haq">Siraj-ul-Haq</a>, serving as senior minister in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government and the party's deputy chief, was elected as the new ameer. He replaced the incumbent Munawer Hasan and the party's general secretary, <a href="/wiki/Liaqat_Baloch" title="Liaqat Baloch">Liaqat Baloch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 25,533 office bearers of the party out of a total of 31,311 voted in these elections. It was the first time that the party had voted out an ameer after just one term. He, therefore, resigned from his role as senior minister. This coincided with a drone attack on a <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrassa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bajaur_District" title="Bajaur District">Bajaur Agency</a>.
</p><p>In 2016, Siraj-ul-Haq led funeral prayers for <a href="/wiki/Mumtaz_Qadri" title="Mumtaz Qadri">Mumtaz Qadri</a>, who had been executed for assassinating Punjab Governor <a href="/wiki/Salmaan_Taseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmaan Taseer">Salmaan Taseer</a> while serving as his bodyguard. Siraj-ul-Haq called for nationwide protests against the execution of Qadri.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hafiz_Naeem_Ur_Rehman_(2024-Present)"><span id="Hafiz_Naeem_Ur_Rehman_.282024-Present.29"></span>Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman (2024-Present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Naeem_Ur_Rehman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman">Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman</a> was elected the Ameer of Jamaat e Islami on 4 April 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisations">Organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>JIP provides unions for doctors, teachers, lawyers, farmers, workers and women, for example, <a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a> (IJT), Jamiat Talaba Arabia and Islami Jamaat-e-Talibaat (its female branch)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012181_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012181-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">Students' union</a> and <a href="/wiki/JI_Youth_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="JI Youth Pakistan">JI Youth Pakistan</a>, a youth group.
</p><p>The party has a number of publications from affiliated agencies such as Idara Marif-e-Islami, Lahore, the Islamic Research Academy, Karachi, Idara Taleemi Tehqeeq, Lahore, the Mehran Academy, and the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Regional_Studies" title="Institute of Regional Studies">Institute of Regional Studies</a>. Its print media publications number 22, including the daily <i><a href="/wiki/Jasarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasarat">Jasarat</a></i>, weekly <i>Friday Special</i>, weekly <i>Asia</i>, monthly <i>Tarjumanul Quran</i> and fortnightly <i>Jihad-e-Kashmir</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <i>Jasarat</i> in particular having a circulation of 50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The Islami Nizamat-e-Taleem, led by <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghafoor_Ahmed" title="Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed">Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed</a>, is an educational body that includes 63 Baithak schools. <i>Rabita-ul-Madaris Al-Islamia</i> supports 164 JIP <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasas</a>. JIP also operates the <a href="/wiki/Hira_Schools_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hira Schools (Pakistan)">Hira Schools (Pakistan)</a> Project and Al Ghazali Trust. The foundation administers schools, women's vocational centres, adult literacy programs, hospitals and mobile chemists and other welfare programs. In this respect, JIP interacts with the general market.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In total, there are around 1000 registered madrasas affiliated with the JeI in Pakistan, the province of <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> having most of them, with some 245 or nearly a quarter of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jamaat-e-Islami_Azad_Kashmir">Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>An independent wing of Jamaat-e-Islami in <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a> was started in 1974. According to journalist Arif Jamal, it was done to slow the spread of secular ideas in Azad Kashmir. It had its own <i>amir</i>, Maulana Abdul Bari, who had previously participated in the <a href="/wiki/First_Kashmir_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Kashmir War">First Kashmir War</a> (1947) as well as the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gibraltar" title="Operation Gibraltar">Operation Gibraltar</a> (1965).<sup id="cite_ref-Jamal_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jamal-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Puri_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puri-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The main activity of the Azad Kashmir wing is noted as the sponsorship of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir insurgency">jihad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian-administered_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian-administered Kashmir">Indian-administered Kashmir</a>. Bari said that he was called for a meeting with President <a href="/wiki/Zia_ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia ul-Haq">Zia ul-Haq</a> in 1980, and asked to make preparations. He travelled to the Kashmir Valley and eventually persuaded the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Kashmir" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir">Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir</a>. However, despite having several groups of Islamist youth trained in militancy, the Kashmiri Jamaat was hesitant to take the plunge. Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">ISI</a> then used the pro-independence <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Liberation_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front">Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front</a> (JKLF) to initiate operations in July 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Riedel_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riedel-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sirrs_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sirrs-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamal2009112–115_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamal2009112–115-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
A year later, Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir sent operatives to Indian-administered Kashmir to bring all the Islamist groups under an umbrella group called <a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a> as a counter to the JKLF. Jointly with Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, it also persuaded the Kashmiri Jamaat to take charge of Hizbul Mujahideen by June 1990, and a Jamaat leader called <a href="/wiki/Syed_Salahuddin" title="Syed Salahuddin">Syed Salahuddin</a> was appointed as its chief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamal2009140–144_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamal2009140–144-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir also has a student wing called Islami Jamiat-i-Tulaba (IJT). It gained popularity after the founding of Hizbul Mujahideen.<sup id="cite_ref-Puri_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puri-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of its members are said to join the ranks of Hizbul Mujahideen in due course.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuri2012104_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuri2012104-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connections_with_terrorism">Connections with terrorism</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Jama'ati was said to had close links to many banned outfits of Pakistan. The most notable connection was with the <a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi" title="Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi">Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi</a>. This militant organisation grew as an offshoot of Jammat e Islami and was founded by <a href="/wiki/Sufi_Muhammad" title="Sufi Muhammad">Sufi Muhammad</a> in 1992 after he left Jamaat-e-Islami.<sup id="cite_ref-satp_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satp-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jand_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jand-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasirsa_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasirsa-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
When the founder was imprisoned on 15 January 2002, <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Fazlullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Fazlullah">Maulana Fazlullah</a>, his son-in-law, assumed leadership of the group. In the aftermath of the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lal_Masjid" title="Siege of Lal Masjid">siege of Lal Masjid</a>, Fazlullah's forces and <a href="/wiki/Baitullah_Mehsud" title="Baitullah Mehsud">Baitullah Mehsud</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</a> (TTP) formed an alliance. Fazlullah and his army reportedly received orders from Mehsud.<sup id="cite_ref-rehmatk_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rehmatk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
After the death of <a href="/wiki/Hakimullah_Mehsud" title="Hakimullah Mehsud">Hakimullah Mehsud</a> in a drone attack, Fazlullah was appointed as the new "Amir" (Chief) of the <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-e-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a> on 7 November 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters071113_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters071113-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bajoria_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bajoria-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jamestown-black_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jamestown-black-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a May 2010 interview, U.S. Gen. <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a> described the TTP's relationship with other militant groups as difficult to decipher: "There is clearly a symbiotic relationship between all of these different organizations: al-Qaeda, the Pakistani Taliban, the Afghan Taliban, TNSM [Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]. And it's very difficult to parse and to try to distinguish between them. They support each other, they coordinate with each other, sometimes they compete with each other, [and] sometimes they even fight each other. But at the end of the day, there is quite a relationship between them."
<sup id="cite_ref-Bajoria_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bajoria-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gall2009327_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gall2009327-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>According to another source, TNSM and Jamaat-e-Islami (JIP) seem to have been locked in a turf war in the <a href="/wiki/Malakand_District" title="Malakand District">Malakand District</a> of Pakistan, and the Jamaat-Ulema-e-Islam, JIP, and TNSM are in conflict with each other in the tribal areas for power and influence.<sup id="cite_ref-mapping_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapping-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Emirs">List of Emirs</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<table class="wikitable sortable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>No.
</th>
<th>Name<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<th>Term
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<tr align="center">
<td>1
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a>
</td>
<td>1941–1972
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>2
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Mian_Tufail_Mohammad" title="Mian Tufail Mohammad">Mian Tufail Mohammad</a>
</td>
<td>1972–1987
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>3
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a>
</td>
<td>1987–2009
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>4
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Munawar_Hasan" title="Munawar Hasan">Syed Munawar Hassan</a>
</td>
<td>2009–2014
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>5
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Siraj-ul-Haq" title="Siraj-ul-Haq">Siraj-ul-Haq</a>
</td>
<td>2014–2024
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>6
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Naeem_Ur_Rehman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman">Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman</a>
</td>
<td>2024–present
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leaders">Leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a> (1940–1972)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naeem_Siddiqui" title="Naeem Siddiqui">Naeem Siddiqui</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Tufail_Mohammad" title="Mian Tufail Mohammad">Mian Tufail Mohammad</a> (1972–1987)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a> (1987–2008)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Athar_Qureshi" title="Muhammad Athar Qureshi">Muhammad Athar Qureshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Munawar_Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Munawar Hassan">Syed Munawar Hassan</a> (2008–2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Siraj-ul-Haq" title="Siraj-ul-Haq">Siraj-ul-Haq</a> (2014–2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mushtaq_Ahmad_Khan" title="Mushtaq Ahmad Khan">Mushtaq Ahmad Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Khan_(Pakistani_senator)" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (Pakistani senator)">Muhammad Ibrahim Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khurram_Murad" title="Khurram Murad">Khurram Murad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liaqat_Baloch" title="Liaqat Baloch">Liaqat Baloch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khurshid_Ahmad_(scholar)" title="Khurshid Ahmad (scholar)">Khurshid Ahmad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Aziz" title="Abdul Ghaffar Aziz">Abdul Ghaffar Aziz</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Naeem_ur_Rehman" title="Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman">Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman</a> (2024–present)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naimatullah_Khan" title="Naimatullah Khan">Naimatullah Khan</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naeem_Siddiqui" title="Naeem Siddiqui">Naeem Siddiqui</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Israr_Ahmed" title="Israr Ahmed">Israr Ahmed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Ahmad_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayed Ahmad Khan">Sayed Ahmad Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amin_Ahsan_Islahi" title="Amin Ahsan Islahi">Amin Ahsan Islahi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allamah" title="Allamah">Allamah</a> <a href="/wiki/Delwar_Hossain_Sayeedi" title="Delwar Hossain Sayeedi">Delwar Hossain Sayeedi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qader_Molla" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Qader Molla">Abdul Qader Molla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Motiur_Rahman_Nizami" title="Motiur Rahman Nizami">Motiur Rahman Nizami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Merajuddin_Khan" title="Merajuddin Khan">Merajuddin Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">List of Islamic political parties</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-ET:_JI_launches_its_youth_wing-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ET:_JI_launches_its_youth_wing_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1219955/">"JI launches it youth wing"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. Pakistan. 16 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=JI+launches+it+youth+wing&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1219955%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/865975-alkhidmat-spent-rs8-2bn-in-a-year-on-welfare">"Alkhidmat spent Rs 8.2bn in a year on welfare"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_News_International" title="The News International">The News International</a></i>. 19 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+International&rft.atitle=Alkhidmat+spent+Rs+8.2bn+in+a+year+on+welfare&rft.date=2021-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F865975-alkhidmat-spent-rs8-2bn-in-a-year-on-welfare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/world/pakistan-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-against-govt-in-balochistans-pishin/2039570/">"Pakistan: Opposition alliance launches protest movement against govt in Balochistan's Pishin"</a>. 13 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Opposition+alliance+launches+protest+movement+against+govt+in+Balochistan%27s+Pishin&rft.date=2024-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fworld%2Fpakistan-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-against-govt-in-balochistans-pishin%2F2039570%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1"><i>Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</i></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FJIPOfficial1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NG336-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NG336_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG336_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG336_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG336_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasheed,_Nighat" class="citation book cs1">Rasheed, Nighat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/52379/13/13_chapter%207.pdf#page=74"><i>A critical study of the reformist trends in the Indian Muslim society during the nineteenth century</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 336<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>The Jama'at -i-Islami was founded in 1941. Maulana Maududi being its founder strongly opposed the idea of creating Pakistan, a separate Muslim country, by dividing India, but surprisingly after the creation of Pakistan he migrated to Lahore. Again in the beginning he was opposed to and denounced the struggle for Kashmir as un-Islamic, for which he was imprisoned in 1950, but later on in 1965, he changed his views and endorsed the Kashmir war as Jihad. Maulana Maududi took an active part in demanding discriminative legislation and executive action against the Ahmadi sect leading to widespread rioting and violence in Pakistan. He was persecuted arrested and imprisoned for advocating his political ideas through his writings and speeches. During the- military regime from 1958 the Jama'at-iIslami was banned and was revived only in 1962, Maududi was briefly imprisoned. He refused to apologize for his actions or to request clemency from the government. He demanded his freedom to speak and accepted the punishment of death as the will of God. His fierce commitment to his ideals caused his supporters worldwide to rally for his release and the government acceded commuting his death sentence to a term of life imprisonment. Eventually the military government pardoned Maulana Maududi completely.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+critical+study+of+the+reformist+trends+in+the+Indian+Muslim+society+during+the+nineteenth+century&rft.pages=336&rft.au=Rasheed%2C+Nighat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F10603%2F52379%2F13%2F13_chapter%25207.pdf%23page%3D74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Adel_(2012)-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adel_(2012)_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adel_(2012)_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adel_(2012)_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalim2012" class="citation cs2">Salim, Muhammad Said (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RS73Xn1Gjv8C&pg=PA67">"India: Jamaat-e-Islami"</a>, in Gholamali Haddad Adel; Mohammad Jafar Elmi; Hassan Taromi-Rad (eds.), <i>Muslim Organisations in the Twentieth Century: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam</i>, EWI Press, pp. 67–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908433-09-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908433-09-1"><bdi>978-1-908433-09-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India%3A+Jamaat-e-Islami&rft.btitle=Muslim+Organisations+in+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+Selected+Entries+from+Encyclopaedia+of+the+World+of+Islam&rft.pages=67-&rft.pub=EWI+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-908433-09-1&rft.aulast=Salim&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Said&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRS73Xn1Gjv8C%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-roy-88-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roy-88_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1994" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Olivier (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo"><i>The Failure of Political Islam</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/88">88</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674291409" title="Special:BookSources/9780674291409"><bdi>9780674291409</bdi></a>. <q>Islam in Pakistan is divided into three tendencies: the Jamaat, which is the Islamist party and which, although it does not have extensive popular roots, is politically influential; the 'deobandi' , administered by fundamentalists and reformist ulamas; and the Barelvi, which recruits from popular and Sufi Islamic circles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Failure+of+Political+Islam&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780674291409&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffailureofpolitic00royo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbin_Mohamed_Osman,_The_Ulama_in_Pakistani_Politics2009" class="citation journal cs1">bin Mohamed Osman, Mohamed Nawab (2009). "The Ulama in Pakistani Politics". <i>South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (2): 230–247. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856400903049499">10.1080/00856400903049499</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0085-6401">0085-6401</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219698819">219698819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asia%3A+Journal+of+South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Ulama+in+Pakistani+Politics&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=230-247&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219698819%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0085-6401&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00856400903049499&rft.aulast=bin+Mohamed+Osman&rft.aufirst=Mohamed+Nawab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Roy (2010). <i>Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136950360" title="Special:BookSources/9781136950360"><bdi>9781136950360</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mawlana+Mawdudi+and+Political+Islam%3A+Authority+and+the+Islamic+State&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781136950360&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Oh2007-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oh2007_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oh2007_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oh2007_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOh2007" class="citation book cs1">Oh, Irene (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir"><i>The Rights of God: Islam, Human Rights, and Comparative Ethics</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Press" title="Georgetown University Press">Georgetown University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rightsgod00ohir/page/n52">45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58901-463-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58901-463-3"><bdi>978-1-58901-463-3</bdi></a>. <q>In the debate over whether Muslims should establish their own state, separate from a Hindu India, Maududi initially argued against such a creation and asserted that the establishment of a political Muslim state defined by borders violated the idea of the universal <i>umma</i>. Citizenship and national borders, which would characterize the new Muslim state, contradicted the notion that Muslims should not be separated by one another by these temporal boundaries. In this milieu, Maududi founded the organization Jama'at-i Islamic. ... The Jama'at for its first few years worked actively to prevent the partition, but once partition became inevitable, it established offices in both Pakistan and India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rights+of+God%3A+Islam%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Comparative+Ethics&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58901-463-3&rft.aulast=Oh&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frightsgod00ohir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Gupta2016-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gupta2016_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gupta2016_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta" class="citation web cs1">Gupta, Shekhar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-zakir-naik-is-dangerous/20160718.htm">"Why Zakir Naik is dangerous"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Zakir+Naik+is+dangerous&rft.pub=Rediff&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Shekhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2Fcolumn%2Fwhy-zakir-naik-is-dangerous%2F20160718.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2004" class="citation cs2">Ahmad, Irfan (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pAm_YptXTPMC&pg=PA138">"The Jewish hand: the response of the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind"</a>, in Peter van der Veer; S. Munshi (eds.), <i>Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia</i>, Psychology Press, p. 138, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415331401" title="Special:BookSources/9780415331401"><bdi>9780415331401</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+hand%3A+the+response+of+the+Jamaat-e-Islami+Hind&rft.btitle=Media%2C+War%2C+and+Terrorism%3A+Responses+from+the+Middle+East+and+Asia&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780415331401&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpAm_YptXTPMC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012223-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012223_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012">Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism (2012)</a>, p. 223.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005171-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005171_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005171_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 171.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199697-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199697_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996">Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism (1996)</a>, p. 97.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kepel, <i>Jihad</i>, (2002), pp.98, 100, 101</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005138-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005138_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 138.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmid2011">Schmid (2011)</a>, p. 600; <a href="#CITEREFTomsen2011">Tomsen (2011)</a>, p. 240</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamal2009Chapters_3–4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamal2009Chapters_3–4_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJamal2009">Jamal 2009</a>, Chapters 3–4.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESirrs2016157–161-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESirrs2016157–161_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSirrs2016">Sirrs 2016</a>, pp. 157–161.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-growth-371-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-growth-371_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-growth-371_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-growth-371_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-growth-371_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2004" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Richard C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVcUAQAAIAAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A-L</i></a>. Macmillan Reference USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865604-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865604-5"><bdi>978-0-02-865604-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam+and+the+Muslim+World%3A+A-L&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865604-5&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOVcUAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-kepel-34-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kepel-34_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kepel-34_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kepel-34_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kepel-34_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="GKJ2002" class="citation book cs1">Kepel, Gilles (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&q=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA441"><i>Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam</i></a>. Belknap Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845112578" title="Special:BookSources/9781845112578"><bdi>9781845112578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jihad%3A+on+the+Trail+of+Political+Islam&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781845112578&rft.aulast=Kepel&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOLvTNk75hUoC%26q%3Djamaat%2Be%2Bislami%26pg%3DPA441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution19947-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution19947_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution19947_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution1994">Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution (1994)</a>, p. 7.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012li-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012li_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012">Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism (2012)</a>, p. li.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abulhasanalinadwi.org/books/Biography.pdf">"Biography of Sayyid Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Sayyid+Abul+Hasan+Ali+Nadwi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabulhasanalinadwi.org%2Fbooks%2FBiography.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edara Manshoraat, Mansora Lahore 1980, pp5-25</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996">Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism (1996)</a>, p. 110: "All members, including Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah when they joined, in a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic Perspective."</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199642-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199642_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996">Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism (1996)</a>, p. 42.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution1994119–120-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution1994119–120_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution1994">Nasr, Vanguard of Islamic Revolution (1994)</a>, pp. 119–120.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Adams-102-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adams-102_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, Charles J., "Mawdudi and the Islamic State," in John L. Esposito, ed., <i>Voices of Resurgent Islam</i>, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, p.102)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199643-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199643_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199643_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996">Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism (1996)</a>, p. 43.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199644_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996">Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism (1996)</a>, p. 44.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200546-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200546_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 46.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199645-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism199645_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996">Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism (1996)</a>, p. 45.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200569-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200569_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 69.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005100-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005100_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 100.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arefin S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freebanglaebooks.com/bangla-ebook/muktijuddho-71-punished-war-criminals-under-dalal-law/">"Muktijuddho '71: Punished War Criminals Under Dalal Law."</a> Bangladesh Research and Publications.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?page_id=14">[1]</a> Bangladesh Genocide Archive website. Accessed 9 March 2013.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNabi2010" class="citation book cs1">Nabi, Dr Nuran (27 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F_OUc-TvGOIC&dq=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA108"><i>Bullets of '71: A Freedom Fighter's Story</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4520-4383-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4520-4383-8"><bdi>978-1-4520-4383-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bullets+of+%2771%3A+A+Freedom+Fighter%27s+Story&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4520-4383-8&rft.aulast=Nabi&rft.aufirst=Dr+Nuran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF_OUc-TvGOIC%26dq%3Djamaat%2Be%2Bislami%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200596-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military200596_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 96.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005120-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005120_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 120.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005139-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005139_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 139.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005123-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005123_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 123.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Osella_(2013)-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Osella_(2013)_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osella_(2013)_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIqtidar2013" class="citation cs2">Iqtidar, Humeira (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA479">"Secularism Beyond the State"</a>, in Filippo Osella; Caroline Osella (eds.), <i>Islamic Reform in South Asia</i>, Cambridge University Press, p. 479, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107031753" title="Special:BookSources/9781107031753"><bdi>9781107031753</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Secularism+Beyond+the+State&rft.btitle=Islamic+Reform+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107031753&rft.aulast=Iqtidar&rft.aufirst=Humeira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DipU-cTz5_JYC%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-jones-16-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jones-16_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Owen Bennett (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC&q=Tens+of+thousands+of+Jamaat+activists+and+sympathisers&pg=PA17"><i>Pakistan : eye of the storm</i></a>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 16–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300097603" title="Special:BookSources/9780300097603"><bdi>9780300097603</bdi></a>. <q>... Zia rewarded the only political party to offer him consistent support, Jamaat-e-Islami. Tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers were given jobs in the judiciary, the civil service and other state institutions. These appointments meant Zia's Islamic agenda lived on long after he died.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan+%3A+eye+of+the+storm&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=16-7&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780300097603&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Owen+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt8iYEgPYG_EC%26q%3DTens%2Bof%2Bthousands%2Bof%2BJamaat%2Bactivists%2Band%2Bsympathisers%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012272-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012272_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012">Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism (2012)</a>, p. 272.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-kepel-104-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kepel-104_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="GKJ2002" class="citation book cs1">Kepel, Gilles (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&q=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA441"><i>Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam</i></a>. Belknap Press. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845112578" title="Special:BookSources/9781845112578"><bdi>9781845112578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jihad%3A+on+the+Trail+of+Political+Islam&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781845112578&rft.aulast=Kepel&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOLvTNk75hUoC%26q%3Djamaat%2Be%2Bislami%26pg%3DPA441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaniffa2013" class="citation cs2">Haniffa, Farzana (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA180">"Piety as Politics amongst Muslim Women in Contemporary Sri Lanka"</a>, in Filippo Osella; Caroline Osella (eds.), <i>Islamic Reform in South Asia</i>, Cambridge University Press, p. 180, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107031753" title="Special:BookSources/9781107031753"><bdi>9781107031753</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Piety+as+Politics+amongst+Muslim+Women+in+Contemporary+Sri+Lanka&rft.btitle=Islamic+Reform+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107031753&rft.aulast=Haniffa&rft.aufirst=Farzana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DipU-cTz5_JYC%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism201226-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism201226_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012">Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism (2012)</a>, p. 26.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012127-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012127_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012">Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism (2012)</a>, p. 127.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gannon2006-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gannon2006_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGannon2006" class="citation cs2">Gannon, Kathy (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GPsnizjHBx4C&pg=PA158"><i>I is for Infidel: From Holy War to Holy Terror in Afghanistan</i></a>, PublicAffairs, pp. 158–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-452-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-452-1"><bdi>978-1-58648-452-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+is+for+Infidel%3A+From+Holy+War+to+Holy+Terror+in+Afghanistan&rft.pages=158-&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-452-1&rft.aulast=Gannon&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGPsnizjHBx4C%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Spencer2003-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spencer2003_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2003" class="citation cs2">Spencer, Robert (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xGE5YshINtMC&pg=PA244"><i>Onward Muslim Soldiers: How Jihad Still Threatens America and the West</i></a>, Regnery Pub., pp. 244–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-100-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-100-7"><bdi>978-0-89526-100-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onward+Muslim+Soldiers%3A+How+Jihad+Still+Threatens+America+and+the+West&rft.pages=244-&rft.pub=Regnery+Pub.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-89526-100-7&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxGE5YshINtMC%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012356-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012356_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012">Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism (2012)</a>, p. 356.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005145-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005145_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005">Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military (2005)</a>, p. 145.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on interviews with a number of JIP leaders, especially Khalil Ahmadu'l-Hamidi by Seyyed <a href="/wiki/Vali_Reza_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Vali Reza Nasr">Vali Reza Nasr</a> (in <a href="#CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996">Nasr, Mawdudi and Islamic Revivalism 1996</a>, p. 76)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.dawn.com/news/257869/qazi-tenders-resignation">"Qazi tenders resignation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a></i>. Pakistan. 24 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Qazi+tenders+resignation&rft.date=2007-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F257869%2Fqazi-tenders-resignation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/2251036/syed-munawar-hasan-socialist-turned-islamic-political-leader">"Syed Munawar Hasan – a socialist turned Islamic political leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Express_Tribune" title="The Express Tribune">The Express Tribune</a></i>. 26 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Syed+Munawar+Hasan+%E2%80%93+a+socialist+turned+Islamic+political+leader&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F2251036%2Fsyed-munawar-hasan-socialist-turned-islamic-political-leader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1096635">"Sirajul Haq elected as new JI chief"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a></i>. Pakistan. 30 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Sirajul+Haq+elected+as+new+JI+chief&rft.date=2014-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1096635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2016" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Javed Aziz (1 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/102009-JI-chief-leads-funeral-prayer-in-absentia-for-Mumtaz-Qadri">"JI chief leads funeral prayer in absentia for Mumtaz Qadri"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_News_International" title="The News International">The News International</a></i>. Pakistan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+International&rft.atitle=JI+chief+leads+funeral+prayer+in+absentia+for+Mumtaz+Qadri&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Javed+Aziz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F102009-JI-chief-leads-funeral-prayer-in-absentia-for-Mumtaz-Qadri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheikh2024" class="citation news cs1">Sheikh, Adnan (4 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1825672/hafiz-naeem-elected-new-jamaat-i-islami-emir">"Hafiz Naeem elected new Jamaat-i-Islami emir"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. Pakistan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Hafiz+Naeem+elected+new+Jamaat-i-Islami+emir&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft.aulast=Sheikh&rft.aufirst=Adnan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1825672%2Fhafiz-naeem-elected-new-jamaat-i-islami-emir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/2461635/hafiz-naeemur-rehman-elected-as-amir-of-jamaat-e-islami">"Hafiz Naeemur Rehman elected as Amir of Jamaat-e-Islami"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Express_Tribune" title="The Express Tribune">The Express Tribune</a></i>. 4 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hafiz+Naeemur+Rehman+elected+as+Amir+of+Jamaat-e-Islami&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F2461635%2Fhafiz-naeemur-rehman-elected-as-amir-of-jamaat-e-islami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012181-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012181_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012">Guidere, Islamic Fundamentalism (2012)</a>, p. 181.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Journal of the International Relations and Affairs Group</i>, Volume V, Issue II, Issue 2, p. 250</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praveen_Swamy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praveen Swamy (page does not exist)">Praveen Swamy</a>, "Roads to perdition?: the politics and practice of Islamist terrorism in India" in K. Warikoo (ed.), <i>Religion and Security in South and Central Asia</i>, Routledge, 2010, p. 64</span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIqtidar2013" class="citation cs2">Iqtidar, Humeira (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU-cTz5_JYC&pg=PA480">"Secularism Beyond the State"</a>, in Filippo Osella; Caroline Osella (eds.), <i>Islamic Reform in South Asia</i>, Cambridge University Press, p. 480, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107031753" title="Special:BookSources/9781107031753"><bdi>9781107031753</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Secularism+Beyond+the+State&rft.btitle=Islamic+Reform+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=480&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107031753&rft.aulast=Iqtidar&rft.aufirst=Humeira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DipU-cTz5_JYC%26pg%3DPA480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masooda Bano, <i>The Rational Believer: Choices and Decisions in the Madrasas of Pakistan</i>, Cornell University Press (2012), pp. 70-71</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Jamal-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jamal_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamal2009" class="citation cs2">Jamal, Arif (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TNO5MAAACAAJ"><i>Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir</i></a>, Melville House, pp. 108–109, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933633-59-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933633-59-6"><bdi>978-1-933633-59-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shadow+War%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+Jihad+in+Kashmir&rft.pages=108-109&rft.pub=Melville+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933633-59-6&rft.aulast=Jamal&rft.aufirst=Arif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTNO5MAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Puri-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Puri_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Puri_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuri2012" class="citation cs2">Puri, Luv (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kYVcuqYr5FIC"><i>Across the Line of Control: Inside Azad Kashmir</i></a>, Columbia University Press, pp. 101–103, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-80084-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-80084-6"><bdi>978-0-231-80084-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Across+the+Line+of+Control%3A+Inside+Azad+Kashmir&rft.pages=101-103&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-231-80084-6&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Luv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkYVcuqYr5FIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Riedel-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiedel2012" class="citation cs2">Riedel, Bruce (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w3DQKuPzAXAC"><i>Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad</i></a>, Brookings Institution Press, p. 26, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2283-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2283-0"><bdi>978-0-8157-2283-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deadly+Embrace%3A+Pakistan%2C+America%2C+and+the+Future+of+the+Global+Jihad&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-2283-0&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw3DQKuPzAXAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Sirrs-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sirrs_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirrs2016" class="citation cs2">Sirrs, Owen L. (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_S-TDAAAQBAJ"><i>Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations</i></a>, Routledge, pp. 157–159, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-19609-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-19609-9"><bdi>978-1-317-19609-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+Inter-Services+Intelligence+Directorate%3A+Covert+Action+and+Internal+Operations&rft.pages=157-159&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-19609-9&rft.aulast=Sirrs&rft.aufirst=Owen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_S-TDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamal2009112–115-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamal2009112–115_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJamal2009">Jamal 2009</a>, pp. 112–115.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamal2009140–144-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamal2009140–144_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJamal2009">Jamal 2009</a>, pp. 140–144.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuri2012104-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuri2012104_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPuri2012">Puri 2012</a>, p. 104.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-satp-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satp_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/TNSM.htm">"Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (Movement for the Enforcement of Islamic Laws)"</a>. South Asia Terrorism Portal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi+%28Movement+for+the+Enforcement+of+Islamic+Laws%29&rft.pub=South+Asia+Terrorism+Portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satp.org%2Fsatporgtp%2Fcountries%2Fpakistan%2Fterroristoutfits%2FTNSM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-jand-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jand_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan2009" class="citation news cs1">Jan, Delawar (17 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090616085917/http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372">"Nizam-e-Adl Regulation for Malakand, Kohistan announced"</a>. The News International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=20372">the original</a> on 16 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nizam-e-Adl+Regulation+for+Malakand%2C+Kohistan+announced&rft.date=2009-02-17&rft.aulast=Jan&rft.aufirst=Delawar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Ftop_story_detail.asp%3FId%3D20372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nasirsa-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasirsa_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasir2006" class="citation news cs1">Nasir, Sohail Abdul (17 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120850/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=497&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1">"Religious Organization TNSM Re-Emerges in Pakistan"</a>. <i>Terrorism Focus</i>. Vol. 3, no. 19. <a href="/wiki/The_Jamestown_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jamestown Foundation">The Jamestown Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=740&tx_ttnews%5bbackPid%5d=239&no_cache=1">the original</a> on 3 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terrorism+Focus&rft.atitle=Religious+Organization+TNSM+Re-Emerges+in+Pakistan&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=19&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft.aulast=Nasir&rft.aufirst=Sohail+Abdul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fprograms%2Fgta%2Fsingle%2F%3Ftx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D%3D740%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D%3D239%26no_cache%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-rehmatk-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rehmatk_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRehmat2009" class="citation news cs1">Rehmat, Kamran (27 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2009/01/200912512351598892.html">"Swat: Pakistan's lost paradise"</a>. Islamabad: <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Swat%3A+Pakistan%27s+lost+paradise&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft.aulast=Rehmat&rft.aufirst=Kamran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2Ffocus%2F2009%2F01%2F200912512351598892.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-reuters071113-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters071113_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMujtaba2013" class="citation news cs1">Mujtaba, Haji (7 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-idUSBRE9A60OR20131107">"No more peace talks, 'Mullah Radio' tells Pakistan"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=No+more+peace+talks%2C+%27Mullah+Radio%27+tells+Pakistan&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft.aulast=Mujtaba&rft.aufirst=Haji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pakistan-taliban-idUSBRE9A60OR20131107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bajoria-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bajoria_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bajoria_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBajoria2008" class="citation web cs1">Bajoria, Jayshree (6 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090514060717/http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1&hide=1&id=13611&filter=456">"Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1%26hide%3D1%26id%3D13611%26filter%3D456">the original</a> on 14 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+New+Generation+of+Terrorists&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2008-02-06&rft.aulast=Bajoria&rft.aufirst=Jayshree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F15422%2Fpakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html%3Fbreadcrumb%3D%252Fbios%252F13611%252Fjayshree_bajoria%253Fgroupby%253D1%2526hide%253D1%2526id%253D13611%2526filter%253D456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-jamestown-black-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jamestown-black_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan_Abbas2006" class="citation news cs1">Hassan Abbas (12 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=986#.VTP_1fzF-ZM">"The Black-Turbaned Brigade: The Rise of TNSM in Pakistan"</a>. Jamestown Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Black-Turbaned+Brigade%3A+The+Rise+of+TNSM+in+Pakistan&rft.date=2006-04-12&rft.au=Hassan+Abbas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fsingle%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1%26tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D986%23.VTP_1fzF-ZM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-gall2009327-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gall2009327_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlotta_Gall,_Ismail_Khan,_Pir_Zubair_Shah_and_Taimoor_Shah2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Gall" title="Carlotta Gall">Carlotta Gall</a>, Ismail Khan, <a href="/wiki/Pir_Zubair_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Zubair Shah">Pir Zubair Shah</a> and Taimoor Shah (26 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html">"Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of U.S. Influx"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pakistani+and+Afghan+Taliban+Unify+in+Face+of+U.S.+Influx&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft.au=Carlotta+Gall%2C+Ismail+Khan%2C+Pir+Zubair+Shah+and+Taimoor+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F03%2F27%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F27taliban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-mapping-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mapping_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/411">"Tehreek Nifaz-e-Shariat Mohammadi"</a>. <i>Mapping Militant Organizations</i>. Stanford University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mapping+Militant+Organizations&rft.atitle=Tehreek+Nifaz-e-Shariat+Mohammadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fmappingmilitants%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgroups%2Fview%2F411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-sirajul-haq-re-elected-jamaat-e-islami-chief/1424883">"Pakistan: Sirajul Haq re-elected Jamaat-e-Islami chief"</a>. <i>aa.com.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Pakistan%3A+Sirajul+Haq+re-elected+Jamaat-e-Islami+chief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fasia-pacific%2Fpakistan-sirajul-haq-re-elected-jamaat-e-islami-chief%2F1424883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/725316-ji-leader-buried">"JI leader buried"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_News_International" title="The News International">The News International</a></i>. 6 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+International&rft.atitle=JI+leader+buried&rft.date=2020-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F725316-ji-leader-buried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2142586">"JI Vice-Amir Abdul Ghaffar Aziz passes away"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Samaa_TV" title="Samaa TV">Samaa TV</a></i>. 5 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Samaa+TV&rft.atitle=JI+Vice-Amir+Abdul+Ghaffar+Aziz+passes+away&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samaaenglish.tv%2Fnews%2F2142586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailytimes.com.pk/413247/ji-chief-slams-govt-for-inducting-an-imf-agent/">"JI chief slams govt for inducting an 'IMF agent'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Times_(Pakistan)" title="Daily Times (Pakistan)">Daily Times</a></i>. 16 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=JI+chief+slams+govt+for+inducting+an+%27IMF+agent%27&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailytimes.com.pk%2F413247%2Fji-chief-slams-govt-for-inducting-an-imf-agent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuidere,_Islamic_Fundamentalism2012" class="citation cs2">Guidere, M. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA356"><i>Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism</i></a>, Scarecrow Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810879652" title="Special:BookSources/9780810879652"><bdi>9780810879652</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Islamic+Fundamentalism&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780810879652&rft.aulast=Guidere&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtCvhzGiDMYsC%26pg%3DPA356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmid2011" class="citation cs2">Schmid, Alex, ed. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_PXpFxKRsHgC"><i>The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research</i></a>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41157-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41157-8"><bdi>978-0-415-41157-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Terrorism+Research&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-41157-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_PXpFxKRsHgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomsen2011" class="citation cs2">Tomsen, Peter (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=86w4DgAAQBAJ"><i>The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers</i></a>, Public Affairs, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-763-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-763-8"><bdi>978-1-58648-763-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Afghanistan%3A+Messianic+Terrorism%2C+Tribal+Conflicts%2C+and+the+Failures+of+Great+Powers&rft.pub=Public+Affairs&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-763-8&rft.aulast=Tomsen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D86w4DgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasr,_Vanguard_of_Islamic_Revolution1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Vali_Reza_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Vali Reza Nasr">Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr</a> (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5LWepMdh7OkC"><i>The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: the Jamaat-i Islami of Pakistan</i></a>, I.B.Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520083691" title="Special:BookSources/9780520083691"><bdi>9780520083691</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vanguard+of+the+Islamic+Revolution%3A+the+Jamaat-i+Islami+of+Pakistan&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780520083691&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Vali+Reza+Nasr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5LWepMdh7OkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasr,_Mawdudi_and_Islamic_Revivalism1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Vali_Reza_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Vali Reza Nasr">Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr</a> (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC"><i>Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism</i></a>, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195357110" title="Special:BookSources/9780195357110"><bdi>9780195357110</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mawdudi+and+the+Making+of+Islamic+Revivalism&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780195357110&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Vali+Reza+Nasr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI07ykFUoKTUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaqqani,_Pakistan_between_Mosque_and_Military2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Husain_Haqqani" title="Husain Haqqani">Haqqani, Husain</a> (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013162307/http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20(1).pdf"><i>Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20%281%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 October 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Between+Mosque+and+Military&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Haqqani&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakhtunkhwa.pk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPublications%2FPakistan%2520between%2520Mosque%2520and%2520Military%2520by%2520Hussain%2520Haqqani%2520%25281%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaat-e-Islami+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
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<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4470254.stm">Bangladesh ruling party expels MP</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 25 November 2005</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4320078.stm">Pakistan rulers claim poll boost</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 7 October 2005</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4156808.stm">Who's afraid of the six-party alliance?</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 17 August 2005</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4155474.stm">Pakistan 'hate' paper crackdown</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 16 August 2005</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/religion/Story/0,,1548826,00.html">Radical links of UK's 'moderate' Muslim group</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bright" title="Martin Bright">Martin Bright</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, 14 August 2005</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/congress/1993_rpt/house_repub_report.html">Congressional Report: The New Islamist International</a>(from <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">FAS</a> site) <a href="/wiki/Bill_McCollum" title="Bill McCollum">Bill McCollum</a>, US Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 1 February 1993.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://readmaududi.com/">(Read Maududi)</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jamaat-e-Islami_(Pakistan)" title="Template:Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jamaat-e-Islami_(Pakistan)" title="Template talk:Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jamaat-e-Islami_(Pakistan)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Abul_A%27la_Maududi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi">Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi</a> (founder)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Naeem_ur_Rehman" title="Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman">Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman</a> (emir)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liaqat_Baloch" title="Liaqat Baloch">Liaqat Baloch</a> (naib emir)</li>
<li>Ameer-ul-Azeem (secretary-general)</li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a> (1941–1972)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Tufail_Mohammad" title="Mian Tufail Mohammad">Mian Tufail Mohammad</a> (1972–1987)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a> (1987–2008)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Munawar_Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Munawar Hassan">Syed Munawar Hassan</a> (2008–2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Siraj-ul-Haq" title="Siraj-ul-Haq">Siraj-ul-Haq</a> (2014–2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Naeem_ur_Rehman" title="Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman">Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman</a> (2024–present)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ghulam_Nabi_Fai" title="Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai">Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Muhammad" title="Sufi Muhammad">Sufi Muhammad</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a></li>
<li>Shabab e Milli</li>
<li>JI Youth</li>
<li>National Labour Federation</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alkhidmat_Foundation_Pakistan" title="Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan">Alkhidmat Foundation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_revivalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic revivalism">Islamic revivalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anti-liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-liberalism">Anti-liberalism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_U.S._embassy_burning_in_Islamabad" title="1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad">1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Train_march" title="Train march">2022 Train march</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2023_Zhob_suicide_attack" title="2023 Zhob suicide attack">2023 Zhob suicide attack</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">MB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Hind">Jamaat-e-Islami Hind</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Kashmir" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir">Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Jasarat" title="Daily Jasarat">Daily Jasarat</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hira_Schools_%26_Colleges" title="Hira Schools & Colleges">Hira Schools & Colleges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mansoorah,_Lahore" title="Mansoorah, Lahore">Mansoorah, Lahore</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Hind">Jamaat-e-Islami Hind</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanzeem-e-Islami" title="Tanzeem-e-Islami">Tanzeem-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Alliance" title="Pakistan National Alliance">Pakistan National Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pasban-e-Pakistan" title="Pasban-e-Pakistan">Pasban-e-Pakistan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistani_political_parties" title="Template:Pakistani political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistani_political_parties" title="Template talk:Pakistani political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties in Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML–N</a> (114)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a> (93)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">PPP</a> (73)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">MQM–P</a> (22)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_(F)" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)">JUI–F</a> (9)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(Q)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (Q)">PML–Q</a> (4)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Istehkam-e-Pakistan_Party" title="Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party">IPP</a> (4)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_National_Party_(Mengal)" title="Balochistan National Party (Mengal)">BNP–M</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_Awami_Party" title="Balochistan Awami Party">BAP</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(Z)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (Z)">PML–Z</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Pakistan)" title="National Party (Pakistan)">NP–P</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunkhwa_Milli_Awami_Party" title="Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party">PKMAP</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunkhwa_National_Awami_Party" title="Pashtunkhwa National Awami Party">PKNAP</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Majlis_Wahdat-e-Muslimeen" title="Majlis Wahdat-e-Muslimeen">MWM</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (8)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML–N</a> (33)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">PPP</a> (20)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a> (18)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_Awami_Party" title="Balochistan Awami Party">BAP</a> (8)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">MQM–P</a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Pakistan)" title="National Party (Pakistan)">NP–P</a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_(F)" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)">JUI–F</a> (4)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunkhwa_Milli_Awami_Party" title="Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party">PKMAP</a> (3)</li>
<li>IND (FATA) (2)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)">JIP</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_National_Party_(Mengal)" title="Balochistan National Party (Mengal)">BNP–M</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(F)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (F)">PML–F</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Awami_National_Party" title="Awami National Party">ANP</a> (1)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrepresented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">Sunni Ittehad Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Tehreek" title="Sunni Tehreek">Sunni Tehreek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Labbaik_Pakistan" title="Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan">Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Rah-e-Haq_Party" title="Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party">Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Green_Party" title="Pakistan Green Party">Pakistan Green Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Pakistan" title="Communist Party of Pakistan">Communist Party of Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Shaheed_Bhutto)" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)">Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Workers" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Workers">Pakistan Peoples Party Workers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Christian_Congress" title="Pakistan Christian Congress">Pakistan Christian Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mohajir_Qaumi_Movement_Pakistan" title="Mohajir Qaumi Movement Pakistan">Mohajir Qaumi Movement Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamhoori_Wattan_Party" title="Jamhoori Wattan Party">Jamhoori Wattan Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Kashmir_Peoples_Party" title="Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party">Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jeay_Sindh_Qaumi_Mahaz" title="Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz">Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jeay_Sindh_Muttahida_Mahaz" title="Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz">Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sindh_Taraqi_Pasand_Party" title="Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party">Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sindh_United_Party" title="Sindh United Party">Sindh United Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Jafaria_(Pakistan)" title="Tehreek-e-Jafaria (Pakistan)">Tehreek-e-Jafaria (Pakistan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Tehreek_Pakistan" title="Islami Tehreek Pakistan">Islami Tehreek Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ahle_Hadith" title="Jamiat Ahle Hadith">Jamiat Ahle Hadith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Awami_Tahreek" title="Awami Tahreek"> Awami Tahreek (Sindh)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Awami_Tehreek" title="Pakistan Awami Tehreek">Pakistan Awami Tehreek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Democratic_Party" title="Hazara Democratic Party">Hazara Democratic Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur_National_Awami_Party" title="Bahawalpur National Awami Party">Bahawalpur National Awami Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamote_Qaumi_Movement" title="Jamote Qaumi Movement">Jamote Qaumi Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qaumi_Watan_Party" title="Qaumi Watan Party">Qaumi Watan Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mazdoor_Kisan_Party" title="Mazdoor Kisan Party">Mazdoor Kisan Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Movement_(Pakistan)" title="National Democratic Movement (Pakistan)">National Democratic Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf_Parliamentarians" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Parliamentarians">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Parliamentarians</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haq_Do_Tehreek_Balochistan" title="Haq Do Tehreek Balochistan">Haq Do Tehreek Balochistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haqooq-e-Khalq_Party" title="Haqooq-e-Khalq Party">Haqooq-e-Khalq Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Awami_Workers_Party" title="Awami Workers Party">Awami Workers Party</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics of Pakistan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_in_South_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Islam in South Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Template talk:Islam in South Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam in South Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_in_South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Islam in South Asia">Islam in South Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)">1929</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bangladesh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Chhatra_Shibir" title="Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir">Islami Chhatra Shibir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Democratic_League" title="Islamic Democratic League">Islamic Democratic League</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Andolan_Bangladesh" title="Islami Andolan Bangladesh">Islami Andolan Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Khelafat Majlish">Khelafat Majlish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Jatiya_Oikya_Front" title="Islami Jatiya Oikya Front">Islami Jatiya Oikya Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Oikya_Jote" title="Islami Oikya Jote">Islami Oikya Jote</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Chattra_Sena" title="Bangladesh Islami Chattra Sena">Islami Chhatra Sena</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_Bangladesh" title="Islamic Front Bangladesh">Islamic Front Bangladesh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jamiatul_Ashrafia" title="Al Jamiatul Ashrafia">Al Jamiatul Ashrafia</a>, Azamgarh</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Markazu_Saquafathi_Sunniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Markazu Saquafathi Sunniyya">Markazu Saquafathi Sunniyya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Raza-e-Mustafa" title="Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa">Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa</a>, Bareilly</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Students%27_Federation" title="Sunni Students' Federation">Sunni Students' Federation</a> South India</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Academy" title="Raza Academy">Raza Academy</a></li>
<li>Samastha
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samastha_Kerala_Jem-iyyathul_Ulama_(1989%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present)">Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Ulema_and_Mashaikh_Board" title="All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board">All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-e-Hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl-e-Hadith">Ahl-e-Hadith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Hind">Jamaat-e-Islami Hind</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Front" title="National Development Front">National Development Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_India" title="Popular Front of India">Popular Front of India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Students%27_Islamic_Movement_of_India" title="Students' Islamic Movement of India">Students' Islamic Movement of India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Students_Islamic_Organisation_of_India" title="Students Islamic Organisation of India">Students Islamic Organisation of India</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme_Nabuwwat" title="Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat">Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanzeem_ul_Madaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzeem ul Madaris">Tanzeem ul Madaris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dawat_e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawat e Islami">Dawat e Islami</a> International</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ahle_Sunnat" title="Jamaat Ahle Sunnat">Jamaat Ahle Sunnat</a> Pakistan</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Tehreek" title="Sunni Tehreek">Sunni Tehreek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanzeem-ul-Madaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzeem-ul-Madaris">Tanzeem-ul-Madaris</a> Ahle Sunnat, Pakistan</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ahle_Hadith" title="Jamiat Ahle Hadith">Jamiat Ahle Hadith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Majlis-e-Amal" title="Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal">Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanzeem-e-Islami" title="Tanzeem-e-Islami">Tanzeem-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tehrik-e-Jafaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-e-Jafaria">Tehrik-e-Jafaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/All_Pakistan_Ulema_Council" title="All Pakistan Ulema Council">All Pakistan Ulema Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aalmi_Majlis_Tahaffuz_Khatm-e-Nubuwwat" title="Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat">Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Sunni_Conference" title="All India Sunni Conference">All India Sunni Conference</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Ganj_Mosque" title="Shaheed Ganj Mosque">Shaheed Ganj Mosque</a> Movement</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme_Nabuwwat" title="Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat">Finality of Prophethood</a> movement</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dawat_e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawat e Islami">Dawat e Islami</a> International</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Ulema_and_Mashaikh_Board" title="All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board">All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Labbaik_Pakistan" title="Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan">Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Indian_subcontinent_(Ahl_al-Hadith_movement)" title="Salafi movement">Ahlehadeeth Movement Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Kashmir" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir">Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_ul-Fuqra" title="Jamaat ul-Fuqra">Jamaat ul-Fuqra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khaksars" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaksars">Khaksars</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">All India Khilafat Committee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim National Guard">Muslim National Guard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_Bengali" title="Abdul Wahid Bengali">Abdul Wahid Bengali</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Qurayshi" title="Habibullah Qurayshi">Habibullah Qurayshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naeem-ud-Deen_Muradabadi" title="Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi">Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peer_Jamaat_Ali_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer Jamaat Ali Shah">Peer Jamaat Ali Shah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_el_Baqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah el Baqui">Abdullahil Baqi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Raza_Khan" title="Hamid Raza Khan">Hamid Raza Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Raza_Khan_Qadri" title="Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri">Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Maulana Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Karam_Shah_al-Azhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari">Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari</a> (Justice)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Ahmad Saeed Kazmi">Ahmad Saeed Kazmi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Majduddin" title="Majduddin">Majduddin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Aazmi" title="Amjad Ali Aazmi">Amjad Ali Aazmi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Sardar_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Sardar Ahmad">Maulana Sardar Ahmad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asjad_Raza_Khan" title="Asjad Raza Khan">Asjad Raza Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Chatuli" title="Ibrahim Chatuli">Ibrahim Chatuli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Noori" class="mw-redirect" title="Saeed Noori">Saeed Noori</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Turab_ul_Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Turab ul Haq">Shah Turab ul Haq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Fazlur_Rahman_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari">Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Qamar_ul_Din_Sialvi" title="Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi">Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Noorani" title="Shah Ahmad Noorani">Shah Ahmad Noorani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Sattar_Khan_Niazi" title="Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi">Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shihabuddeen_Ahmed_Koya_Shaliyathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi">Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arshadul_Qaudri" class="mw-redirect" title="Arshadul Qaudri">Arshadul Qaudri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul-hasan_Shams_Barelvi" title="Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi">Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Ahmed_Naeemi" title="Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi">Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sahibzada_Haji_Muhammad_Fazal_Karim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahibzada Haji Muhammad Fazal Karim">Sahibzada Haji Muhammad Fazal Karim</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Khan_Bhashani" title="Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani">Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Syed_Rafi_Mohammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad">Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hayatullah" title="Syed Hayatullah">Syed Hayatullah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanotvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi">Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Tufail_Mohammad" title="Mian Tufail Mohammad">Mian Tufail Mohammad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud al-Hasan">Mahmud al-Hasan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ziya-ur-Rahman_Azmi" title="Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi">Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jouhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ali Jouhar">Mohammad Ali Jouhar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Ali_(politician)" title="Shaukat Ali (politician)">Shaukat Ali</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Noorani" title="Shah Ahmad Noorani">Shah Ahmad Noorani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-ur-Rehman_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazl-ur-Rehman (politician)">Fazl-ur-Rehman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Azam" title="Ghulam Azam">Ghulam Azam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Qadri" title="Ilyas Qadri">Ilyas Qadri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Motiur_Rahman_Nizami" title="Motiur Rahman Nizami">Motiur Rahman Nizami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hussain_Najafi" title="Muhammad Hussain Najafi">Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_al-Najafi" title="Bashir al-Najafi">Grand Ayatollah Bashir Hussain Najafi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asadullah_Al-Ghalib" title="Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib">Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safdar_Nagori" title="Safdar Nagori">Safdar Nagori</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Umri" title="Jalaluddin Umri">Jalaluddin Umri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Israr_Ahmed" title="Israr Ahmed">Israr Ahmed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Javed_Ahmad_Ghamidi" title="Javed Ahmad Ghamidi">Javed Ahmad Ghamidi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Hussain_Hussaini" title="Arif Hussain Hussaini">Arif Hussain Hussaini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Delwar_Hossain_Sayeedi" title="Delwar Hossain Sayeedi">Delwar Hossain Sayeedi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Mehmood_Soomro" title="Khalid Mehmood Soomro">Khalid Mehmood Soomro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Elahi_Zaheer" title="Ehsan Elahi Zaheer">Ehsan Elahi Zaheer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Amritsari" title="Sanaullah Amritsari">Sanaullah Amritsari</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azizul_Haque_(scholar,_born_1919)" title="Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)">Azizul Haque</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fazlul_Haque_Amini" title="Fazlul Haque Amini">Fazlul Haque Amini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Farooqi" title="Nurul Islam Farooqi">Nurul Islam Farooqi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khandaker_Abdullah_Jahangir" title="Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir">Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Muhammad_Zakaria" title="Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria">Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmadullah" title="Sheikh Ahmadullah">Sheikh Ahmadullah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Sardar_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Sardar Ahmad">Maulana Sardar Ahmad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asjad_Raza_Khan" title="Asjad Raza Khan">Asjad Raza Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Noori" class="mw-redirect" title="Saeed Noori">Saeed Noori</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Zauq_Nadvi" title="Sultan Zauq Nadvi">Sultan Zauq Nadvi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Events</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hudood_Ordinances" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudood Ordinances">Hudood Ordinances</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mohd._Ahmed_Khan_v._Shah_Bano_Begum" title="Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum">Shah Bano case</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Islamisation_programme_referendum,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984">Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism" title="Template:Islamism">Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">Militant Islamism in South Asia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism" title="Template:Islamism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamism" title="Template talk:Islamism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism_in_Iran" title="Islamic fundamentalism in Iran">Shia Islamism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_governance" title="Islamic governance">Islamic governance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_democracy" title="Islam and democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_monarchy" title="Islamic monarchy">Islamic monarchy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamistan" title="Islamistan">Islamistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_knowledge" title="Islamization of knowledge">of knowledge</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">Shura</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_model" title="Turkish model">Turkish model</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Socio-political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement">Deobandi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_Britain" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain">in Britain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_in_Central_Asia" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia">in Central Asia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front" title="Islamic Defenders Front">Islamic Defenders Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">in Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">in Syria</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">Political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Green_Algeria_Alliance" title="Green Algeria Alliance">Green Algeria Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ennahda" title="Ennahda">Ennahda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Constitutional_Movement" title="Islamic Constitutional Movement">Hadas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Front" title="Islamic Salvation Front">Islamic Salvation Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-e Islami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Construction_Party" title="Justice and Construction Party">Justice and Construction Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morocco)" title="Justice and Development Party (Morocco)">Justice and Development Party (Morocco)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party (Turkey)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_Party_(Sudan)" title="National Congress Party (Sudan)">National Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Iraqi_Alliance" title="National Iraqi Alliance">National Iraqi Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party" title="Prosperous Justice Party">Prosperous Justice Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al_Wefaq" title="Al Wefaq">Al Wefaq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Alliance" title="Fatah Alliance">Fatah Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Law_Coalition" title="State of Law Coalition">State of Law Coalition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Action_Front" title="Islamic Action Front">Islamic Action Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">United Arab List</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Ansar Allah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Islamic modernism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political leaders</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Afghani" title="Jamal al-Din al-Afghani">Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rached_Ghannouchi" title="Rached Ghannouchi">Rached Ghannouchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi" title="Safwat Hegazi">Safwat Hegazi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Ali_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi">Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani" title="Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani">Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ramadan" title="Tariq Ramadan">Tariq Ramadan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Abu_Rashta" title="Ata Abu Rashta">Ata Abu Rashta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Navvab_Safavi" title="Navvab Safavi">Navvab Safavi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Ali Shariati</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi" title="Hassan al-Turabi">Hassan al-Turabi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rizieq_Shihab" title="Rizieq Shihab">Rizieq Shihab</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Salafi_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties#Salafist" title="List of Islamic political parties">Political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Asalah" title="Al Asalah">Al Asalah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_Party" title="Authenticity Party">Authenticity Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nour_Party" title="Al-Nour Party">Al-Nour Party</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_Bloc" title="Islamist Bloc">Islamist Bloc</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/People_Party" title="People Party">People Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Young_Kashgar_Party" title="Young Kashgar Party">Young Kashgar Party</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Prominent_Salafi_scholars_by_country" title="Salafi movement">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safar_al-Hawali" title="Safar al-Hawali">Safar al-Hawali</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Al-Munajjid" title="Muhammad Al-Munajjid">Muhammad Al-Munajjid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Naik" title="Zakir Naik">Zakir Naik</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda" title="Salman al-Ouda">Salman al-Ouda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Tamimi" title="Ali al-Tamimi">Ali al-Tamimi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism" title="International propagation of Salafism">International propagation of Salafism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police" title="Islamic religious police">Islamic religious police</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salafi%E2%80%93Sufi_relations" title="Salafi–Sufi relations">Salafi–Sufi relations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Militant_Islamism/Jihadism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Militant Islamism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Militant Islamism based in
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East">MENA region</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Egyptian Islamic Jihad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">South Asia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">in Iraq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">in North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam" title="Abdullah Yusuf Azzam">Abdullah Yusuf Azzam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour" title="Akhtar Mansour">Akhtar Mansour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Juhayman_al-Otaybi" title="Juhayman al-Otaybi">Juhayman al-Otaybi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Omar Abdel-Rahman">Omar Abdel-Rahman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Islam and violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam" title="The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam"><i>Reconstruction</i> (Iqbal, 1930s)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hadith_of_Ruhullah_Khomeini" title="Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini"><i>Forty Hadith</i> (Khomeini, 1940)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam" title="The Principles of State and Government in Islam"> <i>Principles</i> (Asad, 1961)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Milestones_(book)" title="Milestones (book)"><i>Milestones</i> (Qutb, 1964)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government" title="Islamic Government"><i>Islamic Government</i> (Khomeini, 1970)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration"><i>Islamic Declaration</i> (Izetbegović, 1969-1970)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Book_(Gaddafi)" title="The Green Book (Gaddafi)"> <i>The Green Book</i> (Gaddafi, 1975)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Historical<br /> events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Arab_and_Islamic_Congress" title="Popular Arab and Islamic Congress">Popular Arab and Islamic Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Campaign" title="Faith Campaign">Faith Campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary Islamic philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_modernity" title="Islam and modernity">Islamic response to modernity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_and_Islamic_terrorism_in_the_Balkans" title="Islamism and Islamic terrorism in the Balkans">Balkans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamism in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_Sudan" title="Islamism in Sudan">Sudan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islamism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects of Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_Islam" title="Political Islam">Political Islam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li>Islam in <a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Islam in South Asia">South Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism_in_North_Africa" title="Template:Islamism in North Africa">North Africa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics" title="Template talk:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li>
<li>Insurgencies
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C<sup>2</sup>NS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan" title="Category:Pakistan">Category</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Portal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475103#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475103#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475103#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/50144814357370475692">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007296998205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cemaat-i-islami">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1732418075' |