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'{{Short description|Nuclides with atomic number of 11 but with different mass numbers}} {{more footnotes|date=August 2017}} {{infobox sodium isotopes}} There are 21 recognized isotopes of [[sodium]] (₁₁Na), ranging from {{chem|18|Na}} to {{chem|39|Na}}<ref name="Riken51">{{cite report |last=Ahn |first=D.S. |display-authors=etal |title=New isotope of ³⁹Na and the neutron dripline of neon isotopes using a 345 MeV/nucleon ⁴⁸Ca beam |series=RIKEN Accelerator Progress Reports |volume=51 |pages=82 |date=2018 |url=https://www.nishina.riken.jp/researcher/APR/APR051/pdf/82.pdf}}</ref> and two [[nuclear isomer|isomer]]s ({{chem|22m|Na}} and {{chem|24m|Na}}). {{chem|23|Na}} is the only [[stable nuclide|stable]] (and the only [[primordial nuclide|primordial]]) isotope. It is considered a [[monoisotopic element]] and it has a [[standard atomic weight]] of {{val|22.98976928|(2)}}. Sodium has two [[radioactive]] [[Cosmogenic nuclide|cosmogenic]] isotopes ({{chem|22|Na}}, [[half-life]] = 2.605 years; and {{chem|link=Sodium-24|24|Na}}, half-life ≈ 15 hours). With the exception of those two, all other isotopes have [[half-life|half-lives]] under a minute, most under a second. The shortest-lived is {{chem|18|Na}}, with a half-life of {{val|1.3|(4)|e=-21}} seconds. Acute neutron radiation exposure (e.g., from a nuclear [[criticality accident]]) converts some of the stable {{chem|23|Na}} in human blood plasma to {{chem|24|Na}}. By measuring the concentration of this isotope, the neutron radiation dosage to the victim can be computed. {{chem|22|Na}} is a [[positron]]-emitting isotope with a remarkably long half-life. It is used to create test-objects and point-sources for [[positron emission tomography]]. == List of isotopes == {{Isotopes table |symbol=Na |refs=NUBASE2016, AME2016 II<!-- was updated as of 2019-07-15) --> |notes=m, unc(), mass#, hl#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, n, p, IT }} |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 7 | rowspan=2|{{val|18.02688|(10)}} | rowspan=2|{{val|1.3|(4)|e=-21|u=s}} | [[proton emission|p]] | ¹⁷Ne | rowspan=2|(1−)# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | [[Beta decay|β⁺]] (<.1%) | ¹⁸Ne |- | ¹⁹Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 8 | {{val|19.013880|(11)}} | >{{val|10|e=-18|u=s}} | p | ¹⁸Ne | (5/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2|²⁰Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 9 | rowspan=2|{{val|20.0073544|(12)}} | rowspan=2|447.9(23)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ (75%) | '''²⁰Ne''' | rowspan=2|2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, [[alpha decay|α]] (25%) | '''¹⁶O''' |- | ²¹Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 10 | {{val|20.99765470|(11)}} | 22.422(10) s | β⁺ | '''²¹Ne''' | 3/2+ | | |- | ²²Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 11 | {{val|21.99443742|(18)}} | 2.6018(22)&nbsp;y | β⁺ | '''²²Ne''' | 3+ | Trace<ref group="n" name="t">[[Cosmogenic nuclide]]</ref> | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^22m1Na | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 583.03(9)&nbsp;keV | 243(2)&nbsp;ns | [[Isomeric transition|IT]] | ²²Na | 1+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^22m2Na | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 657.00(14)&nbsp;keV | 19.6(7)&nbsp;ps | IT | ²²Na | 0+ | | |- | ²³Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 12 | {{val|22.9897692820|(19)}} | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 3/2+ | {{val|1.0000}} | |- | [[#Sodium-24|²⁴Na]] | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 13 | {{val|23.990963011|(18)}} | {{val|14.957|(4)|u=h}} | β⁻ | '''²⁴Mg''' | 4+ | Trace<ref group="n" name="t" /> | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^24mNa | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 472.207(9)&nbsp;keV | rowspan=2|20.18(10)&nbsp;ms | IT (99.95%) | ²⁴Na | rowspan=2|1+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻ (.05%) | '''²⁴Mg''' |- | ²⁵Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 14 | {{val|24.9899540|(13)}} | 59.1(6) s | β⁻ | '''²⁵Mg''' | 5/2+ | | |- | ²⁶Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 15 | {{val|25.992635|(4)}} | 1.07128(25) s | β⁻ | '''²⁶Mg''' | 3+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^26mNa | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 82.5(6)&nbsp;keV | 9(2)&nbsp;µs | IT | ²⁶Na | 1+ | | |- | rowspan=2|²⁷Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 16 | rowspan=2| {{val|26.994076|(4)}} | rowspan=2| 301(6)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (99.87%) | ²⁷Mg | rowspan=2|5/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, [[neutron emission|n]] (0.13%) | '''²⁶Mg''' |- | rowspan=2|²⁸Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 17 | rowspan=2|{{val|27.998939|(11)}} | rowspan=2|30.5(4)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (99.42%) | ²⁸Mg | rowspan=2|1+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (0.58%) | ²⁷Mg |- | rowspan=2|²⁹Na | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18 | rowspan=2|{{val|29.002877|(8)}} | rowspan=2|44.1(9)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (74.1%) | ²⁹Mg | rowspan=2|3/2(+#) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (25.9%) | ²⁸Mg |- | rowspan=4|³⁰Na | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 19 | rowspan=4|{{val|30.009098|(5)}} | rowspan=4|48.4(17)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (68.85%) | ³⁰Mg | rowspan=4|2+ | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β⁻, n (30.0%) | ²⁹Mg |- | β⁻, 2n (1.15%) | ²⁸Mg |- | β⁻, α (5.5×10⁻⁵%) | ²⁶Ne |- | rowspan=4|³¹Na | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 20 | rowspan=4|{{val|31.013147|(15)}} | rowspan=4|17.35(40)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (61.78%) | ³¹Mg | rowspan=4|(3/2+) | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β⁻, n (37.3%) | ³⁰Mg |- | β⁻, 2n (0.87%) | ²⁹Mg |- | β⁻, 3n (0.05%) | ²⁸Mg |- | rowspan=3|³²Na | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 21 | rowspan=3|{{val|32.02001|(4)}} | rowspan=3|12.9(3)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (68%) | ³²Mg | rowspan=3|(3−) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n (24%) | ³¹Mg |- | β⁻, 2n (8%) | ³⁰Mg |- | rowspan=3|³³Na | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 22 | rowspan=3|{{val|33.02553|(48)}} | rowspan=3|8.2(4)&nbsp;ms | β⁻, n (47%) | ³²Mg | rowspan=3|(3/2+) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻ (40%) | ³³Mg |- | β⁻, 2n (13%) | ³¹Mg |- | rowspan=3|³⁴Na | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=3|{{val|34.03401|(64)}} | rowspan=3|5.5(10)&nbsp;ms | β⁻, 2n (50.0%) | ³²Mg | rowspan=3|1+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻ (35.0%) | ³⁴Mg |- | β⁻, n (15.0%) | ³³Mg |- | ³⁵Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 24 | {{val|35.04104|(72)}}# | 1.5(5)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ³⁵Mg | 3/2+# | | <!--|- | ³⁶Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 25 | 36.05148(102)# | <260&nbsp;ns | | | | |--> |- | ³⁷Na | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 26 | {{val|37.05747|(74)}}# | 1#&nbsp;ms [>1.5&nbsp;µs] | β⁻, n | ³⁶Mg | 3/2+# | | |- | ³⁹Na<ref name="Riken51" /> | style="text-align:right" | 11 | style="text-align:right" | 28 | | | β⁻, n (#) | ³⁸Mg | | | {{Isotopes table/footer}} ==Sodium-22== Sodium-22 is a [[radioactive]] isotope of sodium, undergoing [[positron emission]] to {{chem|link=Isotopes of neon|22|Ne}} with a half-life of 2.605 years. {{chem|22|Na}} is being investigated as an efficient generator of "cold [[positrons]]" ([[antimatter]]) to produce [[muons]] for catalyzing [[Muon-catalyzed fusion|fusion of deuterium]]. It is also commonly used as a positron source in [[positron annihilation spectroscopy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Saro|first=Matúš|last2=Kršjak|first2=Vladimír|last3=Petriska|first3=Martin|last4=Slugeň|first4=Vladimír|date=2019-07-29|title=Sodium-22 source contribution determination in positron annihilation measurements using GEANT4|url=https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.5119492|journal=AIP Conference Proceedings|volume=2131|issue=1|pages=020039|doi=10.1063/1.5119492|issn=0094-243X}}</ref> ==Sodium-24== {{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}} Sodium-24 is radioactive and can be created from common sodium-23 by [[neutron activation]]. With a 15-hour half-life, {{chem|24|Na}} decays to {{chem|link=Isotopes of magnesium|24|Mg}} by emission of an [[electron]] and two [[gamma ray]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/sodium-24|title=sodium-24|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref><ref name="neutron-dose-assessment"/> Exposure of the human body to intense [[neutron radiation]] creates {{chem|24|Na}} in the [[blood plasma]]. Measurements of its quantity are used to determine the absorbed radiation dose of the patient. This is used to determine the type of medical treatment required.<ref name="neutron-dose-assessment">{{cite paper|title=Neutron dose assessment using samples of human blood and hair |first1=Daniela |last1=Ekendahl |first2=Peter |last2=Rubovič |first3=Pavel |last3=Žlebčík |first4=Ivan |last4=Hupka |first5=Ondřej |last5=Huml |first6=Věra |last6=Bečková |first7=Helena |last7=Malá |date=7 November 2019 |publisher=National Radiation Protection Institute of Czech Republic|url=https://eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=bb7ecf1f-66a4-4d48-955b-cdb4ed9eb869%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d##AN=31702764&db=mdc}}</ref> When the [[NaK|sodium-potassium]] alloy is used as a coolant in [[molten salt reactor]]s, {{chem|24|Na}} is created, which makes the coolant radioactive. When the {{chem|24|Na}} decays, it causes a buildup of magnesium in the coolant. Since the half life is short, the {{chem|24|Na}} portion of the coolant ceases to be radioactive within a few days after removal from the reactor. == References == {{reflist}} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070712011829/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Na_iso.htm Sodium isotopes data from ''The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's''] {{Navbox element isotopes}} [[Category:Isotopes of sodium| ]] [[Category:Sodium]] [[Category:Lists of isotopes by element|Sodium]]'