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Fitz Roy

Coordinates: 49°16′16.6″S 73°02′35.6″W / 49.271278°S 73.043222°W / -49.271278; -73.043222
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This article is about the mountain. For other uses, see Fitzroy (disambiguation).

Monte Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy in 2013
Highest point
Elevation3,405 m (11,171 ft)[1]
Prominence1,951 m (6,401 ft)[1]
ListingUltra
Coordinates49°16′16.6″S 73°02′35.6″W / 49.271278°S 73.043222°W / -49.271278; -73.043222
Geography
Monte Fitz Roy is located in Southern Patagonia
Monte Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy
Location in the Southern Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile[2][3][4][5]
Map
LocationPatagonia, Argentina—Chile border[2][3][4][5]
CountriesArgentina
Chile
Parent rangeAndes
Geology
Mountain typeGranite
Climbing
First ascent1952 by Lionel Terray & Guido Magnone
Easiest routeFranco Argentina (650m., 6a+, 6c/A1)

Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.[2][3][6][4][5] It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone.

First European encounter

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The first Europeans recorded as seeing Mount Fitz Roy were the Spanish explorer Antonio de Viedma and his companions, who reached the shores of Viedma Lake in 1783. Argentine explorer Francisco Moreno saw the mountain on 2 March 1877; he named it Fitz Roy in honour of Robert FitzRoy who, as captain of HMS Beagle, had travelled up the Santa Cruz River in 1834 and charted large parts of the Patagonian coast.[7]

Cerro is a Spanish word meaning ridge or hill, while Chaltén comes from a Tehuelche (Aonikenk) word meaning "smoking mountain", because a cloud usually forms around the mountain's peak. Fitz Roy is one of several peaks the Tehuelche called Chaltén.[7]

Geography

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Argentina and Chile have agreed that their international border detours eastwards to pass over the main summit,[2] but a large part of the border to the south of the summit, as far as Cerro Murallón, remains undefined.[8] The mountain is the symbol of the Argentine Santa Cruz Province, which includes its representation on its flag and its coat of arms.

On February 27, 2014, Chile's National Forestry Corporation created the Chaltén Mountain Range Natural Site by Resolution No. 74, which covers the Chilean side of Mount Fitz Roy and the surrounding mountain range.[9]

Notable ascents

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Fitz Roy and Lake Capri - Parque Nacional Los Glaciares
  • 1952, Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone via Southeast Ridge (Franco-Argentine Ridge) (first ascent - 2 February 1952).[10]
  • 1965, Carlos Comesaña and José Luis Fonrouge (from Argentina) via Supercanaleta (1,600m, TD+ 5.10 90deg) in 2+1⁄2 days (second ascent).[11]
  • 1968, Southwest Ridge aka The Californian Route (third ascent). Ascent by the "Fun Hogs": Yvon Chouinard (who went on to found outdoor clothing and equipment company Patagonia and climbing equipment company Black Diamond Equipment), Dick Dorworth, Chris Jones, Lito Tejada-Flores (filmmaker, whose 16mm Bolex camera footage of the ascent was used for the film of the expedition entitled Mountain of Storms) and Douglas Tompkins (who, in 1964, had co-founded outdoor equipment and clothing company The North Face).[12][13]
  • 1972, Southeast Ridge (fourth ascent). Ian Wade (U.S.), Dave Nicol (UK), Mo Anthoine (UK), Guy Lee (UK), Larry Derby (U.S.) & Eddie Birch (UK).
  • 1980, following the Col Americano route, Gino Casassa (Chile, monitor of the Andinism Federation of Chile) and Walter Bertsch (Austria) arrived at the peak together. Alejandro Izquierdo (Chilean) climbed to 2,800 m.[14]
  • 1984, Polaca Route by Wieslaw Burzynski, Miroslaw Falco Dasal, Michal Kochanczyk, Jacek Kozaczkiewicz and Piotr Lutynski (Poland), 24/12/1984. 900m 6a A2. This route is still unrepeated.[15]
  • 1984, Franco Argentina Route by Marcos Couch, Eduardo Brenner, Alberto Bendinger, and Pedro Friedrich.
  • 1986, First winter ascent, in July, by Argentines Eduardo Brenner, Sebastián De La Cruz and Gabriel Ruiz, over three days via Supercanaleta.
  • 1990, First winter solo ascent, in July, by Yasushi Yamanoi.
  • 2002, Dean Potter, first free solo, via Supercanaleta[11][16]
  • 2009, Colin Haley, solo via Supercanaleta[11]
  • 2009, Matthew McCarron, solo via The Californian Route [11]
  • 2014, Between 12 and 16 February, Tommy Caldwell and Alex Honnold completed the first full traverse highly prized, Fitz Roy Traverse, climbing across the ridge line of Fitz Roy and its satellite peaks.[17] The route is 5 kilometers long and has approximately 4,000 meters of cumulative elevation gain, with technical climbing of up to 5.11d (7a). They were both awarded the Piolet d'Or for their climb.[18]
  • 2019, Jim Reynolds, free solo.[16]
  • 2021, Sean Villanueva O’Driscoll completed the second ascent and first solo ascent of the traverse but completed the route in reverse, which he called the Moonwalk Traverse.[19][20] He was awarded a Piolet d'Or award in 2022.[21]
  • 2022, Colin Haley, first solo winter ascent of the Supercanaleta Route on Fitz Roy.[22]

History

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After the signing of the 1881 Treaty between Argentina and Chile, the boundary in the area was defined in 1898 by the boundary surveyors, Francisco Pascasio Moreno from Argentina and Diego Barros Arana from Chile. Huemul was declared a border landmark. The surveyors had no differences in the area between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Stokes, unlike other territories that were subject to arbitration in the 1902 arbitral award. The boundary was defined by the following mountain landmarks and their natural continuity: Mount Fitz Roy, Torre, Huemul, Campana, Agassiz, Heim, Mayo, and Stokes (nowadays Cervantes).[23][24][25] Chile has defended it as a border landmark.[26]

In 1998, the "Agreement between the Republic of Chile and the Republic of Argentina to determine the boundary line from Mount Fitz Roy to Cerro Daudet" was signed, defining section A and a small part of section B, with the area between Fitz Roy and the Murallón still pending.[2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Argentina and Chile, Southern - Patagonia Ultra Prominences". Peaklist.org. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Border agreement between Chile and Argentina to determine the border from Mount Fitz Roy to Daudet". 1998. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2006. Cite error: The named reference "Acuerdo1998" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c "Mount Fitz Roy - Difrol.cl". Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  4. ^ a b c La montaña que parece echar humo, en la Patagonia
  5. ^ a b c La silueta del Fitz Roy www.interpatagonia.com, accessed 21 June 2021
  6. ^ MONTE FITZ ROY Andes Hand Book, www.andeshandbook.org, accessed 21 June 2021
  7. ^ a b Moreno, FP (2006) [1879]. Viaje a la Patagonia Austral (in Spanish). La Nacion (Elefante Blanco). p. 2. ISBN 987-96054-7-0. Como este volcán activo no ha sido mencionado por los navegantes ni viajeros, y como el nombre de Chaltén que le dan los indios lo aplican también a otras montañas, me permito llamarle volcán Fitz Roy - English: Since this active volcano has not been mentioned by navigators or travellers, and since the name Chalten that the Indians call it is also applied to other mountains, I allow myself to name it Fitz Roy volcano
  8. ^ "Map showing the border between Chile and Argentina (partly undefined)". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  9. ^ "RESOLUCIÓN NOº:74/2014" (PDF) (in Spanish). Corporación Nacional Forestal. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  10. ^ Silleck, H (3 February 2007). "Patagonia: Fitzroy". Summitpost.org. Summitpost.org. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
  11. ^ a b c d MacDonald, D (15 January 2009). "Haley Solos Fitz Roy's Supercanaleta". Climbing Hot Flashes. Climbing Magazine. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  12. ^ Thompkins, D; Carter, HA (1969). "Fitz Roy, 1968". American Alpine Journal. 16 (43): 263–9.
  13. ^ Patagonia. "Mountain of Storms". Patagonia. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  14. ^ "First chilean climb of Mount Fitz Roy - Perros Alpinos.cl". Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  15. ^ "PATAclimb.com - Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, Polish route". www.pataclimb.com. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  16. ^ a b Levy, Michael (9 April 2019). "Jim Reynolds' Fitz Roy Free Solo: Putting it in Perspective with the Pros". Rock and Ice. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  17. ^ MacDonald, D (18 February 2014). "Caldwell, Honnold Complete Fitz Traverse". Climbing News. Climbing Magazine. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  18. ^ Garibotti, R. (18 February 2014). Caldwell, Honnold Finish 5k Fitz Roy Traverse. www.alpinist.com Retrieved 5 September 2018
  19. ^ Slavsky, Bennett (12 February 2021). "Sean Villanueva O'Driscoll Completes The Fitz Traverse Solo". Climbing Magazine. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  20. ^ "Patagonia Climbing on Instagram: "Congrats to @seanvillanuevaodriscoll, who just completed the Reverse Fitz Traverse... alone, with only a rope, a penny whistle and some…"". Instagram. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  21. ^ "Piolets d'Or 2022 : trio géorgien au Saraghrar, solo belge au Fitz Roy et mention spéciale pour l'Annapurna III". Montagne Magazine. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  22. ^ "Colin Haley on the First Winter Solo of 'Supercanaleta,' Patagonian Classic". Climbing. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  23. ^ Francisco Pascasio Moreno (1902). Frontera Argentino-Chilena - Volumen II. pp. 905–911.
  24. ^ Arbitraje de Limites entre Chile i la Republica Arjentina - Esposicion Chilena - Tomo IV. Paris. 1902. pp. 1469–1484.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ^ Diego Barros Arana (1898). La Cuestion de Limites entre Chile i la Republica Arjentina. Santiago de Chile.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  26. ^ Daniel Álvarez Soza (2021). "CAMPOS DE HIELO SUR. UNA CONTROVERSIA PENDIENTE DE LÍMITES ENTRE ARGENTINA Y CHILE". Universidad de La Serena. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.

Further reading

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  • Kearney A, 1993. Mountaineering in Patagonia. Seattle, Washington: Cloudcap.
  • Terray L, Conquistadors of the Useless, p. 307-8, Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1963. ISBN 0-89886-778-9
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