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Lovćenac

Coordinates: 45°41′N 19°41′E / 45.683°N 19.683°E / 45.683; 19.683
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Lovćenac
Ловћенац (Serbian)
Hungarian: Szeghegy
German: Sekitsch
Village (Selo)
Intersection in Lovćenac
Intersection in Lovćenac
Lovćenac is located in Vojvodina
Lovćenac
Lovćenac
Lovćenac is located in Serbia
Lovćenac
Lovćenac
Lovćenac is located in Europe
Lovćenac
Lovćenac
Coordinates: 45°41′N 19°41′E / 45.683°N 19.683°E / 45.683; 19.683
Country Serbia
Province Vojvodina
DistrictNorth Bačka District
Municipality Mali Iđoš
Founded1786
Government
 • TypeCouncil
 • PresidentTatjana Roganović
Area
 • Total
38.3 km2 (14.8 sq mi)
Elevation
89 m (292 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
2,585
 • Density67/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Map of the Mali Iđoš municipality, showing the location of Lovćenac

Lovćenac (Serbian Cyrillic: Ловћенац) is a village located in the Mali Iđoš municipality, in the North Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The village is known as the de facto capital of Montenegrins in Serbia, and has a total population of 2,585 people (2023 census).

Name

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In Serbian, the village is known as Lovćenac (Ловћенац), in German as Sekitsch (in the past rarely Winkelsberg), and in Hungarian as Szeghegy.

Its former name in Serbian was Sekić (Секић). After the World War II, the village was named Lovćenac by the Montenegrin settlers after Mount Lovćen in Montenegro.

The original Hungarian name of the village was Szeghegy, but Hungarians also used Serbian version of the name in the forms Szikics and Szekics, as well as Germans in the form Sekitsch. One very rare alternative German name was Winkelsberg.

History

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After years of Ottoman-Hubsburg conflicts a policy of repopulation of the devastated Pannonian Basin was pursued during the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. Ethnic German (predominantly Protestant) colonists known as Danube Swabians (German: Donauschwaben) settled the Bačka region, establishing the village Sekitsch in 1786. The economy and life of the village generally consisted of farming, trading, livestock breeding, viticulture and brewing.[1][2][3][4][5][6] In 1849 the Battle of Hegyes (occasionally known as Szeghegy) was fought on the outskirts of the village as part of the Hungarian revolution, and war of independence.[7][8]

Following World War I and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Sekitsch became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed Yugoslavia). This political shift caused ethnic Germans to become one of the largest minorities in Serbia, numbering approximately 330,000 people, or almost 5% of the total Yugoslav population. In 1936 the Summer Olympics torch relay passes through Sekitsch.[9] During the April War of 1941 Hungarian troops entered Sekitsch, subsequently annexing the Bačka to the Kingdom of Hungary. As declared Volksdeutsche the villagers were tolerated by the new authority, though mandatory conscription in the Waffen SS was conducted. Sekitsch also harboured urban children as part of the Kinderlandverschickung program.[10]

Following the war Germans left the country, together with the defeated German army. Those who remained were interned into prison camps. After camps were disbanded in 1948, most of the remaining Yugoslav Germans emigrated to Germany because of economic reasons in the next decades. After World War II, the village was colonized by settlers from Montenegro and Mt. Vlašić, Bosnia. The Montenegrins renamed the village in honor of Mt. Lovćen and account for the majority of the population.[11][12][13]

Demographics

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Ethnic groups

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Ethnic composition of Lovćenac inhabitants according to the 2022 Republic of Serbia census. Village population 2,585

  Serbs (48.31%)
  Montenegrins (37.33%)
  Hungarians (3.59%)
  Ruthenians/Ukrainians (0.61%)
  Romani (0.46%)
  Macedonians (0.38%)
  Yugoslavs (0.34%)
  Croats (0.31%)
  Muslims (0.11%)
  Other (1.89%)
  Unspecified/Unknown (6.67%)

The village of Lovćenac is predominantly inhabited by descendants of Montenegrins colonists who settled the village in the years following WWII (especially between 1945-48). Those claiming ancestry from Montenegro form the majority, with most espousing an ethnic Montenegrin identify whilst others declare as Serb. Another smaller group of Bosnian Serbs known as Vlašićani, deriving from villages on Mt. Vlašić and the Travnik area of Central Bosnia settled in Lovćenac during the 1950s and 60s.[14]

Historical population

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  • 1822: 1,751
  • 1850: 2,825
  • 1970: 3,377
  • 1885: 4,485
  • 1900: 4,936
  • 1910: 5,394
  • 1945: 4,447
  • 1948: 4,791
  • 1961: 4,800
  • 1971: 4,159
  • 1981: 4,016
  • 1991: 4,049
  • 2002: 3,693
  • 2011: 3,161

Culture

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Village cultural life features several societies which strive to maintain and celebrate the diverse identity and traditions of Lovćenac. Being the epicentre of the Montenegrin community in Serbia, the village is home to the Association of Montenegrins of Serbia "Krstaš", alongside the Cultural Arts Society "Petar Petrović-Njegoš" and the Montenegrin Cultural and Educational Society "Princeza Ksenija".[15] Since 2013 the Bosnian Serb descendants of Mount Vlašić have assembled within the Native Association "Vlašić".[16][17] In sports Lovćenac is represented by Football Club Njegoš, which also features basketball and karate sub-branches. A modest collection of artefacts and historical content of the once thriving Danube Swabian community is located in the Sekitsch Museum.[18] Community engagement in various associations and clubs had developed in the 20th century, with football becoming the most popular pastime following WWI when Sekitsch Sport Club was founded.[19] The most important annual event for the ethnic German's was the annually celebration of the Evangelical Church Kirchweih. The majority of Lovćenac villagers today are of the Eastern Orthodox faith, with the Saint Peter of Cetinje Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC) servicing the spiritual needs of the community.[20][21] In 2008 the canonically unrecognized Montenegrin Orthodox Church (CPC) laid foundations to build a church but construction was postponed due to protests from the SPC. Nevertheless the CPC remains an active party within the Montenegrin ethnic community of Lovćenac.

Notable people

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  • Mitar Pešikan, linguist and member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
  • Sofija Pekić, former female Serbian basketball player, Olympic bronze medalist
  • Danilo Popivoda, Slovenian football player of Serbian descent
  • Nenad Stevović, politician
  • Radovan Stevović, author, Yugoslav Partisan and Montenegrin colonist leader
  • Peter Max Wagner, Danube Swabian humanitarian and refugee advocate

Twin towns – Sister cities

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Lovćenac is twinned with:

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Sekitsch in the Batschka | Szeghegy (Sekitsch) by Johan Jauß". www.dvhh.org. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  2. ^ "Sekitsch in the Batschka | Ortsippenbuch Sekitsch". www.dvhh.org. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  3. ^ "Sekitsch in the Batschka | The Colonial Families of Sekitsch". www.dvhh.org. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  4. ^ "Sekitscher Ortsgeschichte". www.sekitsch.de. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  5. ^ Dr Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 1, Novi Sad, 1990, page 113.
  6. ^ Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996, page 122.
  7. ^ "Sekitscher Ereignisse". sekitsch.com. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  8. ^ Chrisbbb (2021-09-22). "Bloody Big BATTLES Blog: Hungary 1848 #11: Hegyes". Bloody Big BATTLES Blog. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  9. ^ "The Danube Swabian Resources Website". www.danube-swabians.org. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  10. ^ "Dorfchronik - Startseite de". www.sekitsch-feketitsch.de. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  11. ^ "Влашић - Ловћенац". Влашић - Ловћенац (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  12. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Vojvođanski Crnogorci u grotlu prisajedinjenja | DW | 23.11.2018". DW.COM (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  13. ^ "Crnogorci u Srbiji nijesu tuđinci". CdM. 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  14. ^ Гаћеша, Никола (1984). Аграрга реформа и колонизација у Југославији 1945–1948. Нови Сад.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ "Udruženja Crnogoraca Srbije Krstaš Архиве". Moja Crna Gora (in Serbian). Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  16. ^ "Влашић - Ловћенац". Влашић - Ловћенац (in Serbian). Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  17. ^ "Zavičajno udruženje „Vlašić" iz Lovćenca". Moja Backa Topola (in Serbian). 2018-12-29. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  18. ^ "Museum Sekitsch". www.sekitsch-feketitsch.de. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  19. ^ "Sekitsch in the Batschka | Ortsippenbuch Sekitsch". www.dvhh.org. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  20. ^ "Opština Mali Iđoš". maliidjos.rs. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  21. ^ Попивода, Жељко (2015-06-03). "Црква у Ловћенцу". Жељко Попивода (in Serbian). Retrieved 2022-01-15.

References

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  • Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
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  • An intersection on the main road in Lovćenac today.
    An intersection on the main road in Lovćenac today.
  • Memorial for soldiers from Lovćenac who died in World War I.
    Memorial for soldiers from Lovćenac who died in World War I.
  • This memorial, referred to as "de Steen", was erected in 1895 to commemorate those who died in a 1849 battle near Lovćenac.
    This memorial, referred to as "de Steen", was erected in 1895 to commemorate those who died in a 1849 battle near Lovćenac.
  • This emblem, commonly featured on books about the German diaspora from Lovćenac, gives the dates of their habitation.
    This emblem, commonly featured on books about the German diaspora from Lovćenac, gives the dates of their habitation.
  • Sekić got its first post office in 1872.
    Sekić got its first post office in 1872.
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