Agarak, Meghri
Agarak
Ագարակ | |
|---|---|
 From top left: | |
  Agarak  Agarak | |
| Coordinates: 38°51′54″N 46°11′47″E / 38.86500°N 46.19639°E | |
| Country |  Armenia |
| Province | Syunik |
| Municipality | Meghri |
| Founded | 1949 |
| Area | |
• Total | 2.5 km2 (1.0 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 660 m (2,170 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 4,429 |
| • Density | 1,800/km2 (4,600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AMT) |
| Area code | (+374) 286 |
Agarak (Armenian: Ագարակ) is a village in the Meghri Municipality of the Syunik Province in southern Armenia, founded in 1949. As of 2011, the population of Agarak was 4,429.[1]
The village is located on the left bank of river Araks River, 9 km southwest of Meghri on the Armenia–Iran border. The border crossing at Agarak is Armenia's sole border crossing with Iran, with the Iranian village of Nurduz being located at the other side of the border. The village had a railway station on the demolished and non-functioning branch of the Yerevan-Nakhchivan-Horadiz railway.[2]
History
[edit]
Modern-day Agarak is located in the Arevik canton of the historic province of Syunik of Greater Armenia. The area was mentioned in the 12th and 13th centuries by historian Stepanos Orbelian as a rural settlement.[3] However, the region was historically known for its copper and lead mines. The current name of the village is derived from the nearby village of Agarak, literally meaning farm or estate in Armenian.[2][4]
Two churches dating back to the 17th century lie in the vicinity of Agarak. The church of Surp Amenaprkich (the Holy Saviour), located in the nearby village of Kuris, north of Agarak, and the Aknakhach church in Agarak.[5]
The Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire, mentions that the village of Agarak, as of 1861, was located in the Ordubad uezd of the Erivan Governorate. The village at that time was notable for the mine and factory located there. According to the publication, in 1860, the village produced 500 pounds of copper.[6]
Agarak was founded in 1949 as a labour settlement to accommodate the workers at the nearby copper-molybdenum combine. In 1954, it gained the status of an urban-type settlement. During the first days of its foundation, the settlement was mainly home to 2-storied residential buildings. Later, with the expansion of the copper-molybdenum combine by the end of the 1970s, 3, 4 and 5-storied buildings were also constructed in the settlement. The workers along with their families were brought to Agarak from the nearby villages, turning Agarak into an important industrial centre at the southern region of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.[7]
Following the independence of Armenia in 1991, Agarak became an urban municipality within the newly formed Syunik Province and the first bridge connecting Armenia to Iran was established.[8] However, as a result of the 2016 administrative reforms, Agarak was downgraded from town to village, thus becoming a rural settlement within the Meghri Municipality.[9]
The village currently has two kindergartens, one secondary school, one art school, a cultural palace, two libraries and a football stadium.[7]
Geography
[edit]
Agarak is located in semi-desert zone and is surrounded by rocky mountains with high cliffs and deep canyons with an average altitude of 660m.[8][7] It has a cold desert climate (BWk) according to the Köppen climate classification system.[10] The vicinity of the village is designated as a Prime Butterfly Area, having number of rare and endangered species of butterflies, such as Gegenes nostrodamus, Zegris eupheme, Pieris krueperi, Chazara briseis, Cupido argiades, Pseudophilotes vicrama, and others.[11]
Economy
[edit]
It is an important centre for non-ferrous metallurgy. In 1853, a copper-molybdenum deposit was discovered, and in 1958 a copper-molybdenum plant was opened in the village, which includes a quarry and a processing plant.[12] The Agarak copper deposit and smeltery have been operating since 1963.[13] The copper-molybdenum industry in Agarak has been recovered since 2001. Currently, the copper-molybdenum plant secures around 1200 jobs for the population of Agarak, which makes around 25% of the entire population of Agarak. The Agarak Copper-Molybdenum mine complex produces copper and molybdenum concentrate through bulk-selective flotation recovery of molybdenum and copper minerals. It was fully acquired by GeoProMining company in 2007.[12]
The Meghri custom house and the border checkpoint with Iran are situated in the territory of Agarak.[14] The construction of the Armenian section of the Iran-Armenia gas pipeline started in Agarak on 30 November 2004.[15] The pipeline started operations on 20 December 2006.[16]
Tourism from Iran is a growing industry in Agarak. Many of the Iranian tourists stop in Meghri and Agarak to go to the restaurants, cafes, and stores. The Persian language is in high demand in Agarak with frequent Persian-language signs, and many of the locals engaged in services are proficient in colloquial Persian.[9]
Demographics
[edit]The population of Agarak since 1908 is as follows:
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1908[17] | 264 |
| 1959[18] | 1,614 |
| 1970[19] | 3,914 |
| 1972[20] | 3,800 |
| 1979[21] | 4,073 |
| 1989[22] | 5,540 |
| 2001[23] | 4,801 |
| 2011[1] | 4,429 |
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c Statistical Committee of Armenia. "The results of the 2011 Population Census of the Republic of Armenia" (PDF).
- ^ a b Viktor Ambartsumian, ed. (1974). "Agarak". Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia (in Armenian). Vol. 1. Yerevan: Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR. pp. 49–50.
- ^ Orbelian, Step’annos (2012). History of the State of Sisakan (1299). Translated by Robert Bedrosian. New Jersey. p. 272.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Alekseyev, Valery (1968). Field, Henry (ed.). Contributions to the Archaeology of Armenia. Peabody Museum. p. 45.
- ^ Kiesling, Brady; Kojian, Raffi (2005). "Syunik Marz". Rediscovering Armenia : an archaeological/touristic gazetteer and map set for the historical monuments of Armenia (2 ed.). Yerevan: Matit. ISBN 9994101218.
- ^ Semenov, P. (1865). "Agarak". Geographic and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg. p. 14.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c "Ագարակ ք" [Agarak]. syunik.gov.am (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 2012-04-06..
- ^ a b Mavian, Seda (2006). Armenia. Paris: Hachette. p. 209. ISBN 978-2-01-240509-7.
- ^ a b Mkrtchyan, Gayane; Mirzoyan, Gayane. "Life on the Southern Border". urbanista.am.
- ^ Beck, H.E.; Zimmermann, N. E.; McVicar, T. R.; Vergopolan, N.; Berg, A.; Wood, E. F. (2018). "Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution". Scientific Data. 5: 180214. doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.214. PMC 6207062. PMID 30375988.
- ^ Butterfly Conservarion Armenia. "Agarak".
- ^ a b V. S. Biletsky, ed. (2004). Girnichiy encyclopedic dictionary (in Ukrainian). Vol. 3. Donetsk: Eastern publishing house. p. 752. ISBN 966-7804-78-X.
- ^ Rubinstein, Julius; Barsky, Lev (2002). Non-Ferrous Metal Ores: Deposits, Minerals and Plants. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. p. 89. ISBN 9780415269643.
- ^ "Syunik: Agarak". Archived from the original on 2014-04-28.
- ^ "Official News - Tuesday, 30 November 2004". The Government of the Republic of Armenia.
- ^ "Iran-Armenia gas pipeline inaugurated". Tehran Times. 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1910 год [Caucasian calendar for 1910] (in Russian) (65th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1910. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022.
- ^ "Перепись населения СССР 1959 года — Армянская ССР" [Census of the population of the USSR in 1959 - Armenian SSR]. webgeo.ru. Archived from the original on 2008-03-20.
- ^ "Перепись населения СССР 1970 года — Армянская ССР" [Census of the population of the USSR in 1970 - Armenian SSR]. webgeo.ru. Archived from the original on 2012-11-20.
- ^ Hakobyan, Tadevos Kh.; Melik-Bakhshyan, Stepan T.; Barseghyan, Hovhannes Kh. (1986). Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան [Dictionary of Toponyms of Armenia and Adjacent Territories] (in Armenian). Vol. 1. Yerevan State University Press. p. 992.
- ^ "Перепись населения СССР 1979 года — Армянская ССР" [Census of the population of the USSR in 1979 - Armenian SSR]. webgeo.ru. Archived from the original on 2012-11-20.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г." [All-Union Population Census of 1989]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Institute of Demography named after A.G. Vishnevsky National Research University.
- ^ Statistical Committee of Armenia (2015). "ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄՇՏԱԿԱՆ ԲՆԱԿՉՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԹՎԱՔԱՆԱԿԸ" [Number of Permanent Population of the Republic of Armenia] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan.
