List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 1
| List of the manuscripts from Qumran Cave 1 | |
|---|---|
 Photographic reproduction of the Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran Cave 1. | |
| Material | Papyrus, Parchment, and Bronze |
| Writing | Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Nabataean |
| Created | Est. 408 BCE to 318 CE |
| Discovered | 1946 |
| Present location | Qumran |
The following is a list of the Dead Sea Scrolls from the cave 1 near Qumran.
Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 1 was discovered for the first time in 1946. The initial discovery, by Bedouin shepherd Muhammed edh-Dhib, his cousin Jum'a Muhammed, and Khalil Musa, took place between November 1946 and February 1947.[1][2] The shepherds discovered seven scrolls housed in jars in a cave near what is now known as the Qumran site and took them back to the camp to show to his family. None of the scrolls were destroyed in this process.[3] The original seven Dead Sea Scrolls from Cave 1 at Qumran are the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa), a second copy of Isaiah (1QIsab), the Community Rule Scroll (1QS), the Pesher on Habakkuk (1QpHab), the War Scroll (1QM), the Thanksgiving Hymns (1QH), and the Genesis Apocryphon (1QapGen).[4] One of the pottery jars containing the scrolls from Cave 1 is now kept in the British Museum.[5]
List of manuscripts
Some resources for more complete information on the Dead Sea Scrolls are the book by Emanuel Tov, "Revised Lists of the Texts from the Judaean Desert"[6] for a complete list of all of the Dead Sea Scroll texts, as well as the online webpages for the Shrine of the Book[7] and the Leon Levy Collection,[8] both of which present photographs and images of the scrolls and fragments themselves for closer study. Information is not always comprehensive, as content for many scrolls has not yet been fully published.
| Fragment or scroll identifier | Fragment or scroll name | Alternative identifier | English Bible Association | Language | Date/script | Description | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Qumran Cave 1 | |||||||
| 1QIsaa | Great Isaiah Scroll | Isaiah 1:1–31; 2:1–22; 3:1–5:30; 6:1–13; 7:1–25; 8:1–23; 9:1–20; 10:1–34; 11:1–45:25; 46:1–66:24 | Hebrew | 356–103 BCE/150–100 BCE | Contains all 66 chapters with occasional lacunae and some missing words at the bottom of some columns | [9][10] | |
| 1QIsab | Isaiah | cf. 1Q8 | The Book of Isaiah | Hebrew | Hasmonean/Herodian | A second copy of portions of the Book of Isaiah | [11][12] |
| 1QS | Serekh ha-Yahad or "Community Rule" | Hebrew | cf. 4QSa-j = 4Q255–64, 5Q11 | [13] | |||
| 1QpHab | Pesher on Habakkuk | Habakkuk 1–2 | Hebrew | Later half of the 1st century BC | Commentary on Habakkuk 1:2–17; 2:1–20 | [14][15] | |
| 1QM | Milhamah or War Scroll | Hebrew | cf. 4Q491, 4Q493; 11Q14? | ||||
| 1QHa | Hodayot or Thanksgiving Hymns | Hebrew | Some parts are also preserved in 1QHb and 4QHa-f | [16] | |||
| 1QapGen | Genesis Apocryphon | Genesis 12:18–15:4 | Aramaic | 25 BCE–50 CE | [17] | ||
| CTLevi | Cairo Geniza or Testament of Levi | Aramaic | |||||
| 1QGen | Genesis | 1Q1 | Genesis 1:18–21; 3:11–14; 22:13–15; 23:17–19; 24:22–24 | Hebrew | Herodian | [18][19] | |
| 1QExod | Exodus | 1Q2 | Exodus 16:12–16; 19:24–20:2, 20:5–6; 20:25–21:1; 21:4–5 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][20] | |
| 1QpaleoLev | Leviticus – Numbers | 1Q3 | Leviticus 11:10–11; 19:30–34; 20:20–24; 21:24–22:6; 23:4–8 and Numbers 1:48–50 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman; Palaeo-Hebrew script | [18][21] | |
| 1QDeuta | Deuteronomy | 1Q4 | Deuteronomy 1:22–25; 4:47–49; 8:18–19; 9:27–28; 11:27–30; 13:1–6, 13–14; 14:21, 24–25; 16:4, 6–7 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][22][23] | |
| 1QDeutb | 1Q5 | Deuteronomy 1:9–13; 8:8–9; 9:10; 11:30–31; 15:14–15; 17:16; 21:8–9; 24:10–16; 25:13–18; 28:44–48; 29:9–20; 30:19–20; 31:1–10, 12–13; 32:17–29; 33:12–24 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][22][24] | ||
| 1QJudg | Judges | 1Q6 | Judges 6:20–22; 8:1(?); 9:2–6, 28–31, 40–43, 48–49 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][25] | |
| 1QSam | Samuel | 1Q7 | 2 Samuel 18:17–18; 20:6–10; 21:16–18; 23:9–12 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][26] | |
| 1QIsab | Isaiah | Parts of 1QIsab as 1Q8 | Isaiah 7:22–25; 8:1; 10:17–19; 12:3–6; 13:1–8, 16–19; 15:3–9; 16:1–2, 7–11; 19:7–17, 20–25; 20:1; 22:11–18, 24–25; 23:1–4; 24:18–23; 25:1–8; 26:1–5; 28:15–20; 29:1–8; 30:10–14, 21–26; 35:4–5; 37:8–12; 38:12–22; 39:1–8; 40:2–3; 41:3–23; 43:1–13, 23–27; 44:21–28; 45:1–13; 46:3–13; 47:1–14; 48:17–22; 49:1–15; 50:7–11; 51:1–10; 52:7–15; 53:1–12; 54:1–6; 55:2–13; 56:1–12; 57:1–4, 17–21; 58:1–14; 59:1–8, 20–21; 60:1–22; 61:1–2; 62:2–12; 63:1–19; 64:1, 6–8; 65:17–25; 66:1–24 | Hebrew | Herodian | [11][18] | |
| 1QEzek | Ezekiel | Parts of 1QIsab as 1Q9 | Ezekiel 4:16–17; 5:1 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][27] | |
| 1QPsa | Psalms | 1Q10 | Psalm 86:5–8; 92:12–14; 94:16; 95:11–96:2; 119:31–34, 43–48, 77–79 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][28] | |
| 1QPsb | 1Q11 | Psalm 126:6; 127:1–5; 128:3 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [18][29] | ||
| 1QPsc | 1Q12 | Psalm 44:3–5, 7, 9, 23–25 | Hebrew | Herodian | [18][30] | ||
| 1QPhyl | Phylactery | 1Q13 | Deuteronomy 5:23–27; 11:8–11 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | 58 fragments from a Phylactery | [22][31][32] |
| 1QpMic | Pesher on Micah | 1Q14 | Hebrew | Herodian | [31][33] | ||
| 1QpZeph | Pesher on Zephaniah | 1Q15 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [31][34] | ||
| 1QpPs | Pesher on Psalms | 1Q16 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [31][35] | ||
| 1QJuba | Jubilees | 1Q17 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | Jubilees | [31][36] | |
| 1QJubb | 1Q18 | Hebrew | Hasmonean | Jubilees | [31][37] | ||
| 1QNoah | Book of Noah | 1Q19 | Hebrew | Herodian | Parts of the lost Book of Noah | [31][38] | |
| 1QapGen | Fragments of the "Genesis Apocryphon" | 1Q20 | Aramaic | Herodian | [39][40] | ||
| 1QTLevi / 1QALD | Testament of Levi | 1Q21 | Aramaic | Hasmonean | Aramaic Levi Document | [41][42] | |
| 1QDM | "Dibrê Moshe" or "Words of Moses" | 1Q22 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [41][43] | ||
| 1QEnGiantsa | Book of Giants | 1Q23 | Aramaic | Hasmonean | Enoch | [44][45] | |
| 1QEnGiantsb | Book of Giants | 1Q24 | Aramaic | Hellenistic-Roman | Enoch | [44][46] | |
| 1Q Apocr.Prophecy | "Apocryphal Prophecy" | 1Q25 | Hebrew | Herodian | [47][48] | ||
| 1Q Instruction | "Instruction" | 1Q26 | Hebrew | Hasmonean | [47][49] | ||
| 1QMyst | "The Book of Mysteries" | 1Q27 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [47][50] | ||
| 1QS or 1QSa | "Rule of the Congregation" | 1Q28 (1Q28a) | Hebrew | Hasmonean | Fragment from "Community Rule" | [47][51] | |
| 1QSb | "Rule of the Blessing" or "Rule of the Benedictions" | 1Q28b | Hebrew | Hasmonean | [47][52] | ||
| 1QapocrMoses B | Apocryphon of Moses | 1Q29 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | "Liturgy of the Three Tongues of Fire" | [47][53] | |
| 1Q Liturgical Text(?) A | "Liturgical Text 1" | 1Q30 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [47][54] | ||
| 1Q Liturgical Text(?) B | "Liturgical Text 2" | 1Q31 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [47][55] | ||
| 1QNJ(?) | "New Jerusalem" | 1Q32 | Aramaic | Herodian | cf. 11Q18 | [56][57] | |
| 1QM | Fragment of the 1QM or "War Scroll" or "Milhamah" | 1Q33 | Deuteronomy 20:2–5; Numbers 10:9, 24:17–19; Isaiah 31:8 | Hebrew | 30–1 BCE
Early Herodian |
[22][56] | |
| 1QPrFetes / 1QLitPr | "Liturgical Prayers" or "Festival Prayers" | 1Q34 | Hebrew | Herodian | [56][58] | ||
| 1QHb | "Hodayot" or "Thanksgiving Hymns" | 1Q35 | Hebrew | Herodian | [56][59] | ||
| 1Q Hymns | "Hymns" | 1Q36 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [56][60] | ||
| 1Q Hymnic Composition(?) | "Hymnic Composition" | 1Q37 | Hebrew | Herodian | [56][61] | ||
| 1Q Hymnic Composition(?) | "Hymnic Composition" | 1Q38 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [56][62] | ||
| 1Q Hymnic Composition(?) | "Hymnic Composition" | 1Q39 | Hebrew | Herodian | [56][63] | ||
| 1Q Hymnic Composition(?) | "Hymnic Composition" | 1Q40 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [56][64] | ||
| 1Q41–70 | 1Q41–70 | Hebrew | Unclassified Fragments | [8] | |||
| 1QDana | Daniel | 1Q71 | Daniel 1:10–17; 2:2–6 | Hebrew | Hellenistic-Roman | [65] | |
| 1QDanb | 1Q72 | Daniel 3:22–30 | Aramaic | Hellenistic-Roman | [66] | ||
Gallery
-
The War Scroll, found in Qumran Cave 1. -
A portion of the second discovered copy of the Isaiah scroll, 1QIsab. -
Part of Dead Sea Scroll 28a from Qumran Cave 1. The Jordan Museum, Amman
See also
References
- ^ Humphries, Mark. Early Christianity. 2006.
- ^ Evans, Craig. Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls. 2010.
- ^ John C. Trever. The Dead Sea Scrolls. Gorgias Press LLC, 2003.
- ^ Vermes, Geza, The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English, London: Penguin, 1998. ISBN 0-14-024501-4.
- ^ British Museum Collection
- ^ Tov, Emanuel (2010). Revised Lists of the Texts from the Judaean Desert. Brill. ISBN 9789047443797.
- ^ "Shrine Of The Book – The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls".
- ^ a b "Leon Levy Collection". Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library. Israel Antiquities Authority. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
- ^ The Great Isaiah Scroll at The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
- ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 14–15.
- ^ a b 1Q8 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 15–16.
- ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 18.
- ^ Bruce, F.F.,"The Dead Sea Habakkuk Scroll," The Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society I (1958/59): 5–24.
- ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 16.
- ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 16–18.
- ^ Schiffman, Lawrence H. (2000). Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fitzmyer 2008, p. 19.
- ^ 1Q1 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q2 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q3 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ a b c d OakTree Software, Inc. Accordance 10: Bible Software. 2008.
- ^ 1Q4 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q5 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q6 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q7 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q9 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q10 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q11 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q12 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ a b c d e f g Fitzmyer 2008, p. 20.
- ^ 1Q13 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q14 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q15 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q16 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q17 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q18 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q19 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 20–21.
- ^ 1Q20 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ a b Fitzmyer 2008, p. 21.
- ^ 1Q21 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q22 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ a b Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 21–22.
- ^ 1Q23 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q24 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ a b c d e f g h Fitzmyer 2008, p. 22.
- ^ 1Q25 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q26 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q27 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q28 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q28 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q29 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q30 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q31 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Fitzmyer 2008, p. 23.
- ^ 1Q32 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q34 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q35 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q36 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q37 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q38 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q39 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q40 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q71 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ 1Q72 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
Bibliography
- Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
External links
- A Catalog of Biblical Passages in the Dead Sea Scrolls by David Washburn, 2002
- Textual Criticism: Recovering the Text of the Hebrew Bible by Peter Kyle McCarter, 1986