713th Fighter-Bomber Squadron
| 713th Fighter-Bomber Squadron | |
|---|---|
.jpg) F-86 Sabre as flown by the squadron | |
| Active | 1943-1946; 1947–1951; 1955–1957 |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Fighter bomber |
| Engagements | European Theater of Operations[1] |
| Insignia | |
| 713th Fighter-Bomber Squadron emblem[a][1] |  |
| 713th Bombardment Squadron emblem World War II[2] |  |
| World War II fuselage code[2] | IG |
The 713th Fighter-Bomber Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 448th Fighter-Bomber Group at Davis Field, Oklahoma, where it had been stationed since November 1955. It was inactivated on 16 November 1957.
The squadron was first activated as the 713th Bombardment Squadron during World War II. After training in the United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations, and served in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany with the 448th Bombardment Group. After V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States, where it converted to the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. It was inactivated in August 1946 and replaced by another unit. The squadron was active in the reserve from 1947 until 1951, when it was mobilized for the Korean War and inactivated after its personnel were used to man other units.
History
World War II
Training in the United States
The squadron was first activated on 1 May 1943 at Gowen Field, Idaho as one of the original four squadrons of the 448th Bombardment Group.[1][3] After completing initial training with Consolidated B-24 Liberators, it moved to Wendover Field, Utah for Phase 2 training, and to Sioux City Army Air Base, Iowa for final training. The ground echelon moved to Camp Shanks, New York and sailed for England aboard the RMS Queen Elizabeth on 23 November. The air echelon completed final processing at Herington Army Air Field, Kansas and deployed with their Liberators via the southern ferry route.[1][4]
Combat in Europe
The squadron flew its first combat mission from RAF Seething on 22 December 1943. it was primarily engaged in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, attacking ball bearing plants in Berlin, marshalling yards at Cologne, a V-1 flying bomb assembly plant at Fallersleben, aircraft factories in Gotha, an airfield at Hanau, a chemical plant at Ludwigshafen, synthetic oil refineries near Pölitz, aircraft engine plants at Rostock, among other strategic targets. The squadron participated in Big Week, an intensive campaign against German aircraft manufacturing plants from 20 to 25 February 1944.[3]
The squadron was occasionally diverted from its strategic bombing mission to fly interdiction and close air support missions. It bombed V-weapon launch sites, airfields and transportation facilities to support Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, and on D-Day attacked coastal defenses and choke points on German lines of communication. It struck enemy positions to assist the allied attacks on Caen and Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo. It dropped supplies to allied troops during Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands. During the Battle of the Bulge, it attacked transportation and communications targets in December 1944 and January 1945. In the spring of 1945, it again dropped supplies to airborne troops in Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945, an attack on a railroad yard near Salzburg, Austria.[3]
The air echelon began returning to the United States with their planes in June 1945, while the ground echelon sailed from Greenock on the RMS Queen Mary on 6 July. Squadron members were given leave upon arrival in the States and the squadron began to assemble at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota in the middle of the month. After training with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the squadron moved to Fort Worth Army Air Field, Texas in December 1945. At Fort Worth, it became one of the first units of Strategic Air Command in March 1946. However, in August the squadron was inactivated and its personnel and equipment were transferred to the 326th Bombardment Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.[1][4][5]
Air Force reserve
Initial activation and Korean War mobilization
The squadron was reactivated as a reserve unit under Air Defense Command (ADC) at Long Beach Army Air Field, California in July 1947, where its training was supervised by the 416th AAF Base Unit (later the 2347th Air Force Reserve Training Center).[6] Although nominally a B-29 unit, it is not clear whether or not the squadron was fully staffed or equipped.[7] In 1948 Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.[8] In June 1949 ConAC reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization, and the squadron became a Douglas B-26 Invader unit of the 448th Bombardment Wing.[9] However, it was staffed at 25% of normal strength.[10]
In August 1950, the 448th Wing's companion reserve unit at Long Beach, the 452d Bombardment Wing, was mobilized for Korean War service. In order to bring the 452d Wing to combat strength, skilled reservists and reservists who required 60 or fewer days training to qualify them as fully skilled assigned to the 448th Wing were transferred to the 452d Wing.[11] The 713th Squadron itself was called to active duty in the second wave of mobilization in March 1951 and its personnel who had not been transferred to the 452d Wing were used as fillers for other Air Force organizations, while the squadron was inactivated four days later.[1][12]
Detached fighter squadron
Starting in late 1955, ConAC began to disperse some of its flying squadrons to separate bases in order to improve recruiting and avoid public objection to entire wings of aircraft being stationed near large population centers.[13] Squadrons were not all located with their parent wings, but were spread over thirty-five Air Force, Navy and civilian airfields under what was called the Detached Squadron Concept[14] The squadron was activated at Davis Field, Oklahoma in November 1955 under this concept, while its parent 448th Fighter-Bomber Group was located at Hensley Field, Texas.[1][3] Despite its fighter bomber designation, the 713th was gained by ADC upon mobilization. ADC required the squadrons to be designed to augment active duty squadrons capable of performing air defense missions for an indefinite period after mobilization independently of their parent wing.[15]
The Joint Chiefs of Staff, however, were pressuring the Air Force to provide more wartime airlift. At the same time, about 150 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars became available from the active force. Consequently, in November 1956 the Air Force directed ConAC to convert three reserve fighter bomber wings to the troop carrier mission by September 1957. In addition, within the Air Staff was a recommendation that the reserve fighter mission given to the Air National Guard and replaced by the troop carrier mission.[16] As a result, the squadron was inactivated in November 1957, and the 65th Troop Carrier Squadron was activated to replace it at Davis Field.[1][17]
Lineage
- Constituted as the 713th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 6 April 1943
- Activated on 1 May 1943
- Redesignated 713th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943
- Redesignated 713th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 5 August 1945
- Inactivated on 4 August 1946
- Activated in the reserve on 12 July 1947
- Redesignated 713th Bombardment Squadron, Light on 27 June 1949
- Ordered to active service on 17 March 1951
- Inactivated on 21 March 1951
- Redesignated 713th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 6 October 1955
- Activated in the reserve on 8 November 1955
- Inactivated on 16 November 1957[1]
Assignments
- 448th Bombardment Group, 1 May 1943 – 4 August 1946
- 448th Bombardment Group, 12 July 1947 – 21 March 1951
- 448th Fighter-Bomber Group, 8 November 1955 – 16 November 1957[1]
Stations
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|
Aircraft
- Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945
- Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1945–1946[20]
- North American F-86 Sabre, 1955–1957[citation needed]
References
Notes
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Approved 16 October 1958. Description: On a sky blue disc edged white, a demi Indian war chief in profile, in natural colors (body red, hair black, teeth and eyeball white), wearing a tribal headdress golden yellow and white, with five ornaments, white, red, and black, and winged deep blue; holding upward in his right hand a light caliber machine gun black, detailed white and deep blue, on his right wrist a wide bracelet deep blue; on his upper arm bracelets of the last [color mentioned] with black Indian motifs; his left gloved hand holding a golden yellow bomb, markings black; and glove red, with deep blue cuff, marked with a two-headed thunderbird black, detail white, all outlines black. It seems unlikely that the emblem would be approved nearly a year after the squadron was inactivated. The year of approval may be a typographical error.
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 713-714
- ^ a b Watkins, pp. 94-95
- ^ a b c d Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 322-323
- ^ a b Freeman, pp. 257-258
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 399-400
- ^ See Ravenstein, p. 244
- ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 713-714 (no aircraft listed as assigned to the squadron)
- ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
- ^ Ravenstein, p. 244
- ^ Cantwell, p. 74
- ^ Cantwell, pp. 92-93
- ^ Cantwell, p. 137
- ^ Cantwell, p. 156
- ^ Cantwell pp. 156. 169
- ^ Cantwell, p. 148
- ^ Cantwell, p. 168
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 247-248
- ^ Station number in Anderson.
- ^ Station information in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 713-714, except as noted.
- ^ Aircraft through 1946 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 713-714
Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946-1994. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16049-269-6. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. I (VIII) Bomber Command. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-1987-7.