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Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail

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Kuala Lumpur–Singapore
high-speed rail
 HSR 
The map for proposed railroad tracks.
Overview
StatusCancelled
OwnerInfraCos
Malaysia MyHSR Corp website
Singapore SG HSR website
Locale Malaysia
 Singapore
Termini
Stations8
Service
TypePassenger-dedicated high-speed rail
SystemKuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail
Services3 (express, shuttle and domestic)
Operator(s)OpCos
• OpCo International (Express & Shuttle service)
• OpCo Domestic (Domestic service)
Rolling stock10-car trainsets capacity for up to 100 passengers per car
Technical
Line length350 km (220 mi)
Malaysia 335 km (208 mi)
Singapore 15 km (9.3 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
ElectrificationOverhead line
Operating speed320 km/h (200 mph)
SignallingETCS
Route map
Illustrative map of the location of the stations Source: LTA Singapore
Kuala Lumpur–Singapore HSR
proposed route
Legend
KL
Kuala Lumpur
Bandar
Malaysia
ETS 1 7 12
WP Kuala Lumpur
Selangor
Selangor
WP Putrajaya
PU
Sepang-Putrajaya
Kampung Dato'
Abu Bakar Baginda
14
WP Putrajaya
Selangor
Selangor
Negeri Sembilan
SE
Seremban
Labu
1
Negeri Sembilan
Malacca
AK
Ayer Keroh
Malacca
Johore
MU
Muar
Bandar Universiti Pagoh
BP
Batu Pahat
Pura Kencana Sri Gading
IP
Iskandar Puteri
Gerbang Nusajaya
Straits of Johor
Malaysia
Singapore
international
border
SG
Singapore
Jurong East
Express service
Shuttle service
Domestic service
Co-located CIQ

The Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail (HSR) was a cancelled railway project to link Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to Singapore via a high-speed rail line.[1] It was announced by then Malaysian's Prime Minister, Najib Razak, in September 2010. Singapore's Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, officially agreed in February 2013 to give the go-ahead, and the HSR project was originally expected to be completed by 2026. However, after the defeat of Najib Razak in Malaysia's general elections in May 2018, his successor, Mahathir Mohamad, initially announced that the project would be scrapped.[2] Nevertheless, during a visit to Japan on 12 June 2018, Mahathir said that the project was not scrapped but merely postponed due to high costs.[3] On 5 September 2018, it was announced that the HSR operations will start in January 2031.[3] However, despite subsequent discussions, both sides failed to reach an agreement and the project was terminated on 1 January 2021.[4]

The HSR line is 350 km long, and is expected to reduce travel time between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to 90 minutes. It will also stop at several Malaysian cities such as Malacca and Seremban as it travels along the west coast of West Malaysia. The line starts from Bandar Malaysia in Malaysia and ends at Jurong East in Singapore.

History

Background

A high-speed rail link between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore was proposed in the late 1990s but due to high costs, the proposal was shelved.[5] In 2006, YTL Corporation, operator of the Express Rail Link in Kuala Lumpur, revived the proposal, with a projected speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). This was expected to trim travel time between the two cities to 99 minutes, compared to 4–5 hours by road or 7 hours by conventional rail services,[6] or 3 hours by air (including travel to and from the airports, check-in, boarding and other airport procedures). In 2008, the Malaysian government halted the project citing high-costs of over RM8 billion.[7]

The proposal was highlighted in 2010 as a high-impact project, out of the 131 entry-point projects,[5] in the Malaysian government's Economic Transformation Programme Roadmap in a bid to increase economic activities concurrently with greater economic synergy between two important regional financial hubs. Studies into the feasibility and conceptual details of the proposal were carried out in December 2010 and January 2011.[8]

Announcements and plans

The Prime Ministers of Malaysia and Singapore agreed to go ahead with the HSR project after a meeting on 19 February 2013.[6] A committee was tasked with looking into 'the details and modalities' of the project.[6] At the meeting, Singapore and Malaysia have announced that the high-speed rail proposal will be finalised by end of 2014 with a targeted completion date of 2020.[9]

The proposal for Singapore's link was considered by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) in Budget 2014. According to the Leaders' Retreat which was held on 7 April 2014, the possible locations for the high-speed rail terminus was narrowed down to Tuas West, Jurong East or the Downtown Core.[10][11] On 6 February 2015, the Malaysia-Singapore Joint Ministerial Committee for Iskandar Malaysia (JMCIM) released a press statement stating that Singapore had announced Jurong East as the final location for the high-speed rail terminus. However, the terminus would not be connected to the Jurong East MRT Station.[12]

Various parties have taken an interest in the project, such as Japan and South Korea.[13][14]Similarly, during a state visit by the Prime Minister of Singapore to France, Singapore's Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew told the press that French firms are keen to participate in the project.[15] On 7 October 2015, the LTA and SPAD jointly announced the launch of a "market sensing exercise" on the Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail project.[16][17]

Singapore and Malaysia signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 19 July 2016 at a signing ceremony held at the then Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak's official residence in Putrajaya, witnessed by both Lee Hsien Loong and Najib Razak. It was signed by Singapore Transport Minister and Coordinating Minister for Infrastructure Khaw Boon Wan along with Malaysian Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department Abdul Rahman Dahlan.[18] There were also details including a 25-metre-high bridge link near the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link and three services to be operated by two operators. At the same meeting, the leaders agreed on technical details for the Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) link, which will connect the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line (TEL) to Johor Baru via another high bridge near the Johor–Singapore Causeway.[19]

Developments

The government of Singapore has made the second large acquisition of land for the project by requiring Raffles Country Club to vacate its plot as the site offers the "most suitable location" to run the HSR tracks after the bridge crossing and to place the tunnel portal leading to the tunnels that would take the HSR to the Jurong East terminus. The site is expected to be vacated by 31 July 2018, to be used for HSR crossover tracks and a siding facility to temporarily house a train near the border for safety or operational reasons. The site is now occupied as Integrated Train Testing Centre (ITTC).[20][21] On 8 February 2017, LTA appointed engineering design firm AECOM Singapore to conduct an advanced engineering study for Singapore's stretch of the Singapore–Kuala Lumpur high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure.[22]

On 16 February 2017, LTA and MyHSR awarded the HSR joint development partner (JDP) contract to a consortium comprising WSP Engineering Malaysia, Mott MacDonald Malaysia and Ernst & Young Advisory Services. They will provide management support, technical advice on systems and operations, develop safety standards and help prepare tender documents for the joint project team of LTA and MyHSR.[23] In the same month, it announced that the Singapore terminus would be designed by British architecture firm Farrells.[24][25] On 17 October 2017, the Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak announced that the land acquisition process has begun in Malaysia for the project and also the station designs.[26]

On 5 April 2018, MyHSR Corp announced the results of the selection process for the design and construction for the Malaysian portion of the project: A consortium of Malaysian Resources and Gamuda will build the northern part, and a consortium of Syarikat Pembenaan Yeoh Tiong Lay and TH Properties the southern part.[27] The tender process for the Singapore tunnel sections was started in April 2018 with the start of construction expected in 2019.[28]

The former Prime Minister and Opposition leader, Dr Mahathir Mohamad threatened to cancel or at least delay the project if he won the 14th Malaysian general election, which prompted the CEO of MyHSR Corp to urge all parties to refrain from politicizing the project.[29] By late May 2018, Mahathir confirmed that Malaysia will scrap the project, citing its high construction costs and downplaying its benefits.[30] However, he appeared to backtrack on earlier statements during an official visit to Japan, commenting that the project was merely postponed until Malaysia was in better financial conditions, further reaffirming the peninsular's need for High-Speed Rail in the future.[31] Among revisions being explored to reduce costs, was to align the route to the existing meter gauge Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) line to allow trains to run at 200 km/h with some upgrades in order to trim travel time to 2 hours and 10 minutes and lay a standard gauge track in parallel, with a fork running to Jurong East so that bilateral agreement is not violated.[32]

On 5 September 2018, after meetings, Singapore and Malaysia have formally agreed to postpone the construction of the KL-Singapore High-Speed Rail until end-May 2020, with Malaysia having to pay Singapore S$15 million for costs incurred in suspending the project before the end of January 2019. In a joint statement, both nations also announced the HSR express service will be delayed until January 2031 instead of the original December 2026. A new agreement was signed by Malaysia's Economic Affairs Minister Azmin Ali and Singapore's Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan at the Prime Minister's Office in Putrajaya on Wednesday afternoon.[3][33] Malaysia has since informed Singapore on 31 January 2019 that it has remitted S$15 million in abortive costs.[34] In December 2019, the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad said that Malaysia would be ok with the high speed rail project, but with trains running at a reduced speed to help reduce costs.[35]

In April 2020, UBS argued that the coronavirus could make people switch from air travel to high speed rail, thus solidifying the case for the HSR.[36]

On 29 May 2020, it was announced that Singapore was considering a request by the Malaysian government to extend the suspension of the HSR project. On 31 May, Singapore Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said that Singapore had agreed to the suspension until 31 December 2020.[37][38]

In late December 2020, reports surfaced that Malaysia had decided to proceed with the HSR project alone, with the project stopping at Johor Bahru and not ending in Jurong, as originally planned.[39][40] In response, a Singapore Ministry of Transport spokesman said both sides were still in discussion.[41] The decision to end the line in Johor Bahru has been criticized by Johor PKR deputy chief Jimmy Puah Wee Tse, questioning the economic viability of the new alignment.[42]

Termination

On 1 January 2021, after failing to come to an agreement by 31 December, the HSR project has been terminated, as announced by the prime ministers of Singapore and Malaysia. Announcing that they will continue on with "the necessary actions" resulting from the termination, both sides remained committed to preserve good relations and continue working on improving the connectivity between the two nations.[4][43][44] Malaysia, which has allowed the termination, will have to compensate Singapore for the costs incurred as according to the agreement.[44][45][46][47]

Plan details

The line will be about 350 km and the travel time will be 90 minutes.[19] The construction cost will be MYR 43 billion (MYR 110 billion at the time canceled).[48] The project will require the construction of a brand-new line with dedicated tracks, which will allow trains to travel at least 270 km/h.[49] MYHSR Corp will co-ordinate the project for the essential construction within the Malaysia corridor, whereas LTA will be in charge for Singapore corridor.[50]

Project timeline

This was the planned timeline. However, the project was postponed by the Malaysian Government. Operations were supposed to begin in 2031, but the project was scrapped in 2021.

  • 19 July 2016: Signing of MOU for KL–Singapore HSR project
  • August 2016: Singapore to call tender for advance engineering studies. Singapore–Malaysia joint tender for Joint Development Partner
  • 13 December 2016: Bilateral agreement signed
  • Late 2017: Civil works and tender for private entity overseeing train and rail assets
  • 2018–2025: Construction
  • Late 2023: International and domestic operators tender
  • 2024–2026: Testing and commissioning
  • By 31 December 2026: Operations to begin[19]

Train and operation

MyHSR Corp stated that Kuala Lumpur-Singapore non-stop high-speed rail express service will run every 30 minutes from Bandar Malaysia, at the outskirts of downtown Kuala Lumpur, to Jurong East in Singapore. The non-stop express service will reach Singapore in 90 minutes and passengers boarding at Bandar Malaysia station will be able to clear Singapore Immigration before boarding.[51]

The HSR will also offer a Malaysian domestic service that will see the train stop at all in-between intermediaries stop at seven stations in Malaysia. This service which also runs every half-hour, will take 120 minutes. Those taking the domestic service from stations such as Seremban or Ayer Keroh near Malacca City who want to enter Singapore will have to clear Singapore Immigration at Iskandar Puteri station and then use a shuttle train service from Iskandar Puteri, which will take another 15 minutes to Jurong East station, the HSR stop in Singapore.[52][53]

Stations

class=notpageimage|
Locations of KL-SG HSR Facilities

Design

Malaysia's Land Public Transport Commission chairman, Syed Hamid Albar, announced the stops in Malaysia on 22 October 2014.[54] On 5 May 2015, The Singapore government has chosen Jurong East to be the terminal for this line in Singapore.[55] Jurong Country Club, completed the handover of the land parcel in November 2016.[56]

In October 2017, the Prime Minister of Malaysia revealed the concept designs for all stations in Malaysia. According to him, the design of each station is conceptualised to reflect the nation's culture, heritage, and identity on each of the station's corridor while remaining modern and futuristic, and also to demonstrate the growth vision that the HSR would bring.[57][58][59] HSR will also have three depots in Serdang, Muar and Pontian.[60]

The concepts of the stations are:

  • Bandar Malaysia: a re-interpretation of the confluence of Klang and Gombak rivers, which symbolises wisdom and unity of the people.
  • Bangi-Putrajaya: inspired by the Islamic architecture, especially of mosques, and envisions Malaysia's aspirations as a progressive nation, articulated by the pointed arches standing united.
  • Seremban: a modern interpretation of the local Minangkabau architecture of Negeri Sembilan.
  • Ayer Keroh: designed from the image of a merchant ship which symbolises the entrepreneurship spirit of local communities, also symbolising Malacca’s history as a strategic trading port in its heyday.
  • Muar: inspired by the "rehal" which is traditionally used to place the Quran as students learn to recite it, thus symbolising the importance of learning.
  • Batu Pahat: inspired by the "kuda kepang", a horse-like item used in a traditional dance amongst Javanese descendants of Johor, which aims to strike a balance between heritage and modernisation.
  • Iskandar Puteri: a stylised representation of a handshake, signifying Iskandar Puteri's role as a regional city for commerce and international encounters.

Services

Station code Station name Station location Platform Type Express
stops 		Shuttle
stops 		Domestic
stops 		Notes
KL Kuala Lumpur Bandar Malaysia Island and Side
●
●
 The co-located Customs, Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) facilities will be located here. International-bound passengers will need to undergo CIQ clearance by both countries' authorities only at the point of departure. This station also will be a connecting station to the currently under construction of Template:KLRT line & the proposed stations for Template:KLRT line, Template:KLRT line and Template:KLRT line .
PU Sepang-Putrajaya Kampung Abu Bakar Baginda Side
●
 Connection to proposed Template:KLRT line
SE Seremban Labu Island
●
 Connecting station Integrated transport hub for KTM line Labu to Port Dickson and ERL line to KLIA
AK Ayer Keroh Ayer Keroh, Melaka Side
●
MU Muar Bandar Universiti Pagoh Side
●
BP Batu Pahat Pura Kencana, Sri Gading Side
●
IP Iskandar Puteri Gerbang Nusajaya Island and Side
●
●
 The co-located Customs, Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) facilities will be located there. International-bound passengers will need to undergo CIQ clearance by both countries' authorities only at the point of departure.
SG Singapore Jurong East
●
●
 The co-located Customs, Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) facilities will be located there. International-bound passengers will need to undergo CIQ clearance by both countries' authorities only at the point of departure. This station will also be a connecting station to the future Jurong Region MRT Line .

See also

Media related to High-speed rail at Wikimedia Commons

References

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