Ussuri tube-nosed bat
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| Species: | M. ussuriensis
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| Murina ussuriensis Ognev, 1913
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The Ussuri tube-nosed bat (Murina ussuriensis) is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Taxonomy and etymology
It was described as a new species in 1913 by Russian zoologist Sergey Ognev. Its species name "ussuriensis" comes from Usurriland The holotype had been collected in Usurriland by Nikolaus Ikonnikov (also spelled Ikonnikoff).[2] In 1951, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott classified it as a subspecies of the little tube-nosed bat with a trinomen of Murina aurata ussuriensis.[3] The population in Japan is sometimes referred to as Murina silvatica.[4]
Description
It is a moderately large member of its genus, with a forearm length of 40–43 mm (1.6–1.7 in).[5] Individuals weigh 4–8 g (0.14–0.28 oz).[4]
Distribution
It can be found in North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Island, Yakushima Island and Iki Island) and Russia (Primorye, southernmost Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands). It has been reported In northeast China (Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Heilongjiang) but this has yet to be verified.[1]
Roosting behavior
In the spring and autumn, it primarily roosts in clumps of dead leaves, but it also utilizes tree cavities and peeling tree bark. It is the only known bat that hibernates in snow. In the winter, it has been found roosting within cylindrical or conical holes in snowbanks. It is hypothesized that the bats excavate these cavities themselves. Hibernating within the snow may protect it from predators and prevent water loss; the snow holes likely have a stable thermal environment, as well. The only other mammal species known to hibernate within snow is the polar bear.[4]
References
- ^ a b Tsytsulina, K. (2008). "Murina ussuriensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T13950A4369921.
- ^ Ognev, S. (1913). "Замѣтки по Фаунѣ летучихъ мышей (Chiroptera) и насѣкомоядныхъ (Insectivora) Уссурійекаго края [Bemerkungen über die Chiroptera und Insectivora des Ussuri-Landes]". Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo muzeia (in Russian). 18: 402–406.
- ^ Ellerson, J. E.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Order of the Trustees of the British Museum. pp. 184–185.
- ^ a b c Hirakawa, H.; Nagasaka, Y. (2018). "Evidence for Ussurian tube-nosed bats (Murina ussuriensis) hibernating in snow". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 12047. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30357-1.
- ^ Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan; Hoffmann, Robert S.; Lunde, Darrin; MacKinnon, John; Wilson, Don E.; Wozencraft, W. Chris, eds. (2010). A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press. p. 352. ISBN 1400834112.
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