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Sherrod Brown

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Sherrod Brown
United States Senator
from Ohio
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2007
Serving with Rob Portman
Preceded byMike DeWine
Vice Chair of the Joint Pensions Committee
Incumbent
Assumed office
March 8, 2018
Preceded byPosition established
Ranking Member of the Senate Banking Committee
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Preceded byMike Crapo
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 13th district
In office
January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2007
Preceded byDon Pease
Succeeded byBetty Sutton
47th Secretary of State of Ohio
In office
January 12, 1983 – January 14, 1991
GovernorDick Celeste
Preceded byTony Celebrezze
Succeeded byBob Taft
Member of the Ohio House of Representatives
from the 61st district
In office
January 1, 1975 – January 1, 1983
Preceded byJoan Douglass
Succeeded byFrank Sawyer
Personal details
Born
Sherrod Campbell Brown

(1952-11-09) November 9, 1952 (age 72)
Mansfield, Ohio, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)Larke Ummel (Divorced 1987)
Connie Schultz
Children4
EducationYale University (BA)
Ohio State University (MA, MPA)
Signature
WebsiteSenate website

Sherrod Campbell Brown (born November 9, 1952) is an American politician who is the senior United States Senator from Ohio, elected in 2006 as a progressive. A Democrat, he is a former member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 13th congressional district. He previously served as Ohio Secretary of State after serving in the Ohio House of Representatives.

Brown defeated two-term Republican incumbent Mike DeWine in the 2006 Senate election and was re-elected in 2012, defeating state Treasurer Josh Mandel. In the Senate, he was chair of the Agriculture Subcommittee on Hunger, Nutrition and Family Farms and the Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy, and is also a member of the Committee on Finance, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, and Select Committee on Ethics. Beginning in January 2015 at the start of the 114th Congress, Brown became the Ranking Democratic Member on the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.[1] He was later appointed co-chair of the newly formed Senate Pensions Committee in March 2018.[2]

Early life, education, and academic career

Brown was born in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Emily (née Campbell) and Charles Gailey Brown, M.D.[3] He was named after his maternal grandfather. He became an Eagle Scout in 1967. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Russian studies from Yale University in 1974. At Yale, he lived in Davenport College. While in college, Brown volunteered for liberal politicians such as George McGovern.[4] He went on to receive a Master of Arts degree in education and a Master of Public Administration degree from Ohio State University in Columbus in 1979 and 1981, respectively. He taught at the Mansfield branch campus of Ohio State University from 1979 to 1981.[5] He backpacked in India during the state of emergency imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[6]

Early political career

During his senior year in college, Brown was recruited by a local Democratic leader to run for Ohio's state house.[4] Brown served as a state representative in Ohio from 1974 to 1982. At the time of his election to the Ohio House, he was the youngest person elected to that body.[7] In 1982, Brown ran for Ohio Secretary of State to succeed Anthony J. Celebrezze Jr. Brown won a four-way Democratic primary that included Dennis Kucinich, then defeated Republican Virgil Brown in the general election. In 1986, Brown won re-election, defeating Vincent C. Campanella. As Secretary of State, Brown focused on voter registration outreach.[4] In 1990, Brown lost re-election in a heated campaign against Republican Bob Taft.[4]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

Congressman Brown
Brown's signature on an official document from his office as Secretary of State of Ohio, 1990.

In 1992, Brown moved from Mansfield to Lorain, Ohio, and won a heavily contested Democratic primary for the open seat for Ohio's 13th district, located in the western and southern suburbs of Cleveland, after eight-term incumbent Don Pease announced his retirement. The Democratic-leaning district gave him an easy win over the little-known Republican Margaret R. Mueller. He was re-elected six times.[8]

Tenure

The Democrats lost their long-held House majority in the 1994 elections, and Democrats remained in the minority for the remainder of Brown's tenure. As ranking member of the Energy and Commerce Health subcommittee, Brown successfully advocated for increased funding to fight tuberculosis.[4]

In 2001, the Republican-controlled legislature considered redrawing Brown's district. Some top Democrats urged Brown to relocate and take on fellow Democrat James Traficant after he defected when he voted to elect Republican Dennis Hastert as speaker of the U.S. House.[9]

Sherrod Brown in 2004

In 2005, Brown led the Democratic effort to block the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). For many months, Brown worked as whip on the issue, securing Democratic "nay" votes and seeking Republican allies. After several delays, the House of Representatives finally voted on CAFTA after midnight on July 28, 2005, which ended in passage by one vote.[10]

He opposed an amendment to Ohio's constitution that banned same-sex marriage.[11] Brown was also one of the few U.S. Representatives to vote against the Defense of Marriage Act in 1996.[12]

Committee assignments

Brown was the ranking minority member on the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Health Subcommittee. He also served on the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet and the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection. While serving on the House International Relations Committee, he was also a member of the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific.[13]

U.S. Senate

Brown was vetted as a potential vice-presidential running mate for Hillary Clinton in 2016. The choice ultimately came down to Brown and Tim Kaine, who was selected as Clinton's running mate.[14] Brown, one of Bernie Sanders' closest allies in the U.S. Senate, endorsed Clinton and campaigned for her prior to the 2016 Democratic primary in Ohio.[15] Washington Monthly suggested that as a potential presidential candidate in 2020, Brown could unite the establishment and progressive wings of the Democratic Party.[16]

A staunch critic of free trade who has taken progressive stances on financial issues, Brown has said that the Democratic Party should place a stronger emphasis on progressive populism.[17]

Political positions

Official photo of Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH) 2009

In 2011, in the National Journal’s annual rankings, Brown tied with eight other members for the title of the most liberal member of Congress.[18]

Foreign policy

Brown speaks at the kickoff breakfast for Lorain International Festival

Brown opposed the Iraq War and voted against the Iraq Resolution as a House Representative.[19] He voted against the $87 billion war budgetary supplement. He also voted for redeploying US troops out of Iraq by March 2008.[20]

Brown voted for the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008, which appropriated $250 billion for ongoing military operations and domestic programs.[21]

In 2012, he co-sponsored a resolution to "oppose any policy that would rely on containment as an option in response to the Iranian nuclear threat."[22] In 2015, Brown co-sponsored an amendment to the budget which was unanimously approved by the Senate and would reimpose sanctions on Iran if Iran violated the interim or final agreement that has paused its nuclear activities.[23]

Brown was an original co-sponsor of the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances in regards to United States-Taiwan relations.[24][25][26][27]

Weeks after the 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign and Umbrella Movement broke out which demanded genuine universal suffrage among other goals, Brown (the chair of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China), along with co-chair U.S. Rep. Chris Smith and U.S. Senators Ben Cardin, Marco Rubio, Roger Wicker, Dianne Feinstein, Jeff Merkley and U.S. Representatives Nancy Pelosi, Dan Lipinski and Frank Wolf introduced Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, which would update the United States–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 and U.S. commitment to democratic development in Hong Kong.[28][29][30][31][32][33]

Terrorism

He voted in favor of the 2012 NDAA that sparked controversy over indefinite detention of US citizens.[34]

In December 2015, Brown co-sponsored a bill in Congress which would restrict ISIS' financing by authorizing new sanctions on foreign financial institutions that knowingly facilitate financial transactions with ISIS. The bill called for tightening international passport regulations and additional screening of those attempting to enter the U.S. on certain types of visas. The bill would also provide grants to local law enforcement agencies to train for active shooter situations and terrorist attacks and to conduct cyber-training to identify and track extremists such as the couple behind the 2015 San Bernardino attack. He also called for banning those on the no-fly list from purchasing assault weapons.[35][36][37]

Veterans

Ohio Wing Civil Air Patrol delegation with Brown in 2012

In 2014, Brown introduced the Gold Star Fathers Act of 2014 (S. 2323; 113th Congress), a bill that would expand preferred eligibility for federal jobs to the fathers of certain permanently disabled or deceased veterans.[38] Brown said that "when a service member is killed in action or permanently and totally disabled, the government should do its part to be there for grieving parents - no matter if they're fathers or mothers."[39]

In 2015, Brown and U.S. Rep. Tim Ryan introduced legislation that would give military veterans priority in scheduling classes in colleges, universities, and other post-secondary education programs.[40]

Energy and environment

In 2012, Brown co-sponsored the Responsible Electronics Recycling Act, a bill that would prohibit the export of some electronics for environmental reasons.[41]

Gun rights

Brown consistently votes in favor of gun control, which has earned him a "F" rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA).[42] He has criticized the political influence of gun manufacturers.[43]

Brown called the Republican legislature in Ohio "lunatics" for introducing a concealed carry bill that would allow individuals to carry guns into airplane terminals before security, police buildings, private airplanes, and daycares.[44]

In the wake of the Orlando nightclub shooting, Brown participated in the Chris Murphy gun control filibuster.[45] A few weeks later, Brown voted for the Feinstein Amendment, which would have banned any individual on the terrorist watchlist from buying a gun.[46]

In response to the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, Brown supported Dianne Feinstein's efforts to ban bump stocks.[47]

Banking and finance industry

In February 2013, conservative commentator George F. Will wrote in support of Brown's proposal to break up consolidated banks and finance industry conglomerates, ending "too big to fail" by restoring the Glass-Steagall Act.[48]

In 2016, after the leak of the Panama Papers, Brown and Elizabeth Warren urged the Treasury Department to investigate whether U.S. individuals were involved in possible tax avoidance and misconduct associated with the Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca.[49]

Stimulus spending

In 2009, Brown voted for the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. He cast the 60th and final vote upon returning to Washington D.C. after his mother's funeral service.[50]

Flint water crisis

In the wake of the Flint water crisis, Brown introduced legislation that would force the federal government to step in when cities and states fail to warn residents about lead-contaminated drinking water and to give Ohio's school districts money to test it.[51][52][53]

Health care

Brown speaks about health care reform in Cleveland Heights, Ohio

In 2007, Brown and Sam Brownback (R-KS) sponsored an amendment to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007. President George W. Bush signed the bill in September 2007.[citation needed] The amendment established a prize as an incentive for companies to invest in new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases. It awards a transferable "Priority Review Voucher" to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a neglected tropical disease. This provision adds to the market based incentives available for the development of new medicines for developing world diseases in the developing world, among them malaria, tuberculosis and African sleeping sickness.[citation needed] The prize had been proposed by Duke University faculty members Henry Grabowski, Jeffrey Moe, and David Ridley in their 2006 Health Affairs paper "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries."[54]

Brown supported the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, voting for it in December 2009,[55] and he voted for the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[56]

LGBT rights

Brown voted against prohibiting same-sex couples from adopting children in Washington D.C. He received a 100% score from the Human Rights Campaign in 2005-2006, indicating a pro-gay rights stance.[57][58] On December 18, 2010, he voted in favor of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010.[59][60]

Education

Brown speaks at 2014 Arts Advocacy Day in Washington, D.C

In 2015, Brown introduced the Charter School Accountability Act of 2015, which would seek to curb "fraud, abuse, waste, mismanagement and misconduct" in charter schools.[61][62]

Intellectual property

Brown was a cosponsor of the Protect-IP Act (PIPA).[63]

Trade

Brown talks about Making America Competitive Again and Restoring U.S. Innovation Leadership

Brown has criticized free trade with China and other countries. In a 2006 Washington Post article, Brown argued against free trade on the grounds that labor activism was responsible for the growth of the U.S. middle class, and that the U.S. economy is harmed by trade relations with countries that lack the kind of labor regulations that have resulted from that activism.[64]

In 2011, the Columbus Dispatch noted that Brown "loves to rail against international trade agreements."[65] Brown's book, Myths of Free Trade, argues that "an unregulated global economy is a threat to all of us."[66] In his book, he recommends adopting measures that would allow for emergency tariffs, protect Buy America laws, including those that give preference to minority and women-owned businesses, and hold foreign producers to American labor and environmental standards.[67] Brown was the co-author and sponsor of a bill that would officially declare China a currency manipulator and require the Department of Commerce to impose countervailing duties on Chinese imports.[68][69]

Brown speaks at 2008 Labor Day Festival

In May 2016, Brown called for tariffs to be imposed on imports from China and praised Hillary Clinton's plan to enforce rules and trade laws and triple the enforcement budgets at the United States Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission.[70]

Brown opposes NAFTA.[71]

In January 2018, Brown expressed support for President Donald Trump's decision to impose tariffs on washing machine imports.[72]

Employment

In 2012, Brown wrote a letter to the United States Department of Defense requesting that it comply with a rule requiring members of the military to wear clothes made in the U.S.[73]

In a 2016 CNN interview, Brown criticized Donald Trump for making "a lot of money apparently by outsourcing jobs to China."[70]

Elections

2006
Main article: Ohio United States Senate election, 2006
Sherrod Brown at a campaign rally
Brown hosts a panel of advisers to Barack Obama's presidential campaign during the first day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado

In August 2005, Brown announced he would not run for the United States Senate seat held by Republican Mike DeWine.[74] In October, however, Brown reconsidered his decision.[75] His announcement came shortly after Democrat Paul Hackett stated that he would soon announce his candidacy.

On February 13, 2006, Hackett withdrew from the race, all but ensuring that Brown would win the Democratic nomination. In the May 2 primary, Brown won 78.05% of the Democratic vote. His opponent, Merrill Samuel Keiser Jr., received 21.95% of the vote.[76]

In the middle of his Senate campaign in April 2006, Brown, along with John Conyers, brought an action against George W. Bush and others, alleging violations of the Constitution in the passage of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005.[77] The case, Conyers v. Bush, was ultimately dismissed for lack of standing.[78]

On November 7, 2006, Brown faced two-term incumbent senator Mike DeWine in the general election. Brown won the seat with 56% of the vote to DeWine's 44%.[79]

2012
Main article: United States Senate election in Ohio, 2012

Brown stood for reelection in 2012, defeating opponent Josh Mandel, who in 2010 had defeated the incumbent state treasurer by 14 points. Mandel raised $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2011 alone, to Brown's $1.5 million.[80] Early on, Brown enjoyed a steady lead in the polls.[81] Mandel won the March Republican primary with 63% of the vote.[82]

The Washington Post reported that no candidate running for reelection, save Barack Obama, faced more opposition in 2012 by outside groups. As of April 2012, over $5.1 million had been spent on television ads opposing Brown, according to data provided by a Senate Democratic campaign operative. The United States Chamber of Commerce spent $2.7 million. 60 Plus Association, a conservative group that opposes health care reform, spent another $1.4 million. Karl Rove's Crossroads GPS and the Concerned Women for America Legislative Action Committee also spent heavily in the race.[83] In May 2012, Brown campaigned with West Wing actor Martin Sheen.[84]

Controversial remarks

In March 2011, Brown came under scrutiny for a Senate floor speech in which he cited the names of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin while he criticized Republican efforts in Ohio and Wisconsin to mitigate the power of public employee unions to negotiate with taxpayers. In his speech he said "some of the worst governments that we've ever had, do you know one of the first things they did? They went after unions. Hitler didn't want unions, Stalin didn't want unions, Mubarak didn't want independent unions".[85] In his speech, Brown said "I'm not comparing what's happened to the workers in Madison or in Columbus to Hitler and Stalin." He later apologized for his speech.[86][87][88]

Committee assignments (115th Congress)

Personal life

Brown's second wife, Connie Schultz, is a former newspaper columnist at the Cleveland Plain Dealer, but resigned because being a politician's spouse presented a conflict of interest.[89] She won a Pulitzer Prize in 2005.[90] She is also the author of Life Happens (2007) and ...and His Lovely Wife (2008), in which she describes her experiences as the spouse of a U.S. Senate candidate.[91] Brown was previously married to Larke Recchie from 1979 to 1987. Brown is the father of four children: two from his marriage to Recchie and two children from his marriage to Schultz. He has five grandchildren.[92]

On May 18, 2014, Brown was awarded an honorary doctor of public service degree from Otterbein University. Along with his wife, Brown delivered a keynote address at the undergraduate commencement.[93]

Books authored

Brown is the author of two books:

  • Congress from the Inside: Observations from the Majority and the Minority ISBN 0-87338-630-2
  • Myths of Free Trade: Why American Trade Policy Has Failed ISBN 1-56584-928-0

Electoral history

Ohio Secretary of State Democratic primary election, 1982
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 304,952 34
Democratic Dennis Kucinich 246,618 27
Democratic Anthony Calabrese 214,901 24
Democratic Francis Gaul 136,568 15
Ohio Secretary of State election, 1982
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 1,739,602 54
Republican Virgil Brown 1,362,079 42
Libertarian Margaret Ann Leech 143,943 4
Ohio Secretary of State election, 1986
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown (inc.) 1,805,833 60
Republican Vincent Campanella 1,217,803 40
Ohio Secretary of State election, 1990
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Taft 1,809,416 53
Democratic Sherrod Brown (inc.) 1,604,058 47
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1992[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 134,486 53
Republican Margaret R. Mueller 88,889 35
Independent Mark Miller 20,320 8
Independent Tom Lawson 4,719 2
Independent Werner J. Lange 3,844 2
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1994[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 93,147 49
Republican Gregory A. White 86,422 46
Independent Howard Mason 7,777 4
Independent John M. Ryan 2,430 1
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1996[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 148,690 61
Republican Kenneth C. Blair, Jr. 87,108 36
Natural Law David Kluter 8,707 4
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1998[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 116,309 62
Republican Grace L. Drake 72,666 38
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 2000[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 170,058 65
Republican Rick H. Jeric 84,295 32
Libertarian Michael Chmura 5,837 2
Natural Law David Kluter 3,108 1
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 2002[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 123,025 69
Republican Ed Oliveros 55,357 31
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 2004[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 201,004 67
Republican Robert Lucas 97,090 33
U.S. Senate Democratic primary election, 2006
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 583,776 78
Democratic Merrill Samuel Keiser, Jr. 163,628 22
U.S. Senate (Class I) elections in Ohio, 2006[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 2,257,369 56
Republican Mike DeWine 1,761,037 44
Independent Richard Duncan (write-in) 830 0
U.S. Senate (Class I) elections in Ohio, 2012[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 2,762,757 51
Republican Josh Mandel 2,435,740 45
Independent Scott Rupert 250,617 4

See also

References

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  21. ^ "H.R.2642 - Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008". Congress.gov. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
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  25. ^ H.Con.Res.53 - Concerning the Taiwan Relations Act., Congress.gov, 3/11/1999
  26. ^ H.Con.Res.117 - Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States Government should reaffirm its unwavering commitment to the Taiwan Relations Act as the cornerstone of United States relations with Taiwan, and for other purposes., Congress.gov, 3/25/2003
  27. ^ S.Con.Res.38 - A concurrent resolution reaffirming the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances as cornerstones of United States-Taiwan relations., Congress.gov, May 19, 2016
  28. ^ "Wicker Joins Bill to Support Hong Kong's Freedom and Democracy". Roger Wicker. November 13, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  29. ^ S.2922 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, Congress.gov, 11/13/2014
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  31. ^ H.R.1159 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, Congress.gov, 2/27/2015
  32. ^ "China 'Voids' Hong Kong Rights: Beijing abrogates the 1984 treaty it signed with Britain to guarantee the city's autonomy". The Wall Street Journal. December 14, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
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  42. ^ "Ask Sherrod Brown: Why Does He Oppose Your Freedoms?". NRA-ILA. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
  43. ^ Pierce, Charles P. (June 21, 2016). "The Sheer Number of Guns in America Will Kill Us With or Without Terrorists". Esquire. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
  44. ^ Shesgreen, Deidre. "Brown: Ohio concealed-carry bill work of 'lunatics'". Cincinnati.com. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
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  47. ^ Koff, Stephen. "Sen. Sherrod Brown backs 'bump stock' gun-control bill, while Sen. Rob Portman says he'll review it". cleveland.com. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
  48. ^ "Time to break up the big banks" Archived July 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine George F. Will, Washington Post, February 08, 2013
  49. ^ "Senate Democrats Urge Treasury Department to Probe Panama Papers". New York Magazine. April 7, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
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  52. ^ Michael Wines & John Schwartz, Unsafe Lead Levels in Tap Water Not Limited to Flint, New York Times, February 8, 2016
  53. ^ Jo Ingles, U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown Wants Water Tested In Ohio's Schools, Statehouse News Bureau, May 3, 2016
  54. ^ "Developing Drugs For Developing Countries - Ridley et al. 25 (2): 313 - Health Affairs". Content.healthaffairs.org. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
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  61. ^ "Ohio Sen. Sherrod Brown introduces national charter school reforms". Akron Beacon Journal. July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  62. ^ "SHERROD BROWN: Ensuring our tax dollars are spent on education, not fraud and abuse". The Clermont Sun. October 28, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
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  64. ^ Dorgan, Byron; Brown, Sherrod (December 23, 2006). "How Free Trade Hurts". Washington Post.
  65. ^ Torry, Jack (August 29, 2011). "Mandel could give Sherrod Brown a real race". The Columbus Dispatch.
  66. ^ Brown, Sherrod (2006). Myths of Free Trade: Why American Trade Policy Has Failed. New York: The New Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-59558-124-2.
  67. ^ Brown, Sherrod (2006). Myths of Free Trade: Why American Trade Policy Has Failed. New York: The New Press. pp. 201–207. ISBN 978-1-59558-124-2.
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  69. ^ "Congress Tackles Chinese Currency Manipulation". Associated Press. Fox News. October 1, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  70. ^ a b Interview With Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown, CNN, May 15, 2016
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  72. ^ Monk, Jonathan (January 24, 2018). "Senator Sherrod Brown applauds President Trumps washing machine tariffs". WTOL. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  73. ^ Defense Department Pushed to Buy 'Made in America' Military Uniforms, ABC news, Oct. 18, 2012
  74. ^ Provance, Jim (August 19, 2005). "Sherrod Brown's advocates saddened – Polls can't convince him to seek Senate". Toledo Blade. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  75. ^ Tankersley, Jim (October 6, 2005). "Brown confirms he will challenge DeWine for Senate seat". Toledo Blade. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  76. ^ 2006 Election Results Archived June 13, 2006, at the Wayback Machine from sos.state.oh.us
  77. ^ "11 House Members to Sue Over Budget Bill". ABC News. Associated Press. April 27, 2006. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved February 20, 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  78. ^ "Judge Dismisses Budget Bill Lawsuit". ABC News. Associated Press. November 6, 2006. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  79. ^ "U.S. Senate / Ohio". American Votes 2006. CNN. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  80. ^ Koff, Stephen. "Ohio Treasurer Josh Mandel raises whopping $2.3 million for U.S. Senate race". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
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  85. ^ "Sherrod Brown: Hitler Hated Unions, Just Like The GOP". The Atlantic Wire. March 3, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  86. ^ "Brown invokes Hitler, Stalin in Senate speech on labor unions". Daytondailynews.com. March 3, 2011. Archived from the original on March 9, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  87. ^ "Sen. Brown apologizes for Hitler, Stalin comment". The Columbus Dispatch - Dispatch.com. March 4, 2011. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  88. ^ Sarah Wright,Chillicothe Gazette. "Sherrod Brown apologizes for Hitler remarks". cleveland.com. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  89. ^ "Connie Schultz, Plain Dealer Columnist". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on August 25, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  90. ^ The 2005 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Commentary: Connie Schultz of The Plain Dealer, Cleveland.
  91. ^ "...AND HIS LOVELY WIFE by Connie Schultz". Kirkus Review. May 20, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  92. ^ Rogin, Ali (July 27, 2016). "Sherrod Brown: Everything You Need to Know". ABC News. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  93. ^ "Senator and Writer Duo Address Commencement". Otterbein Towers (Early Summer 2014): 7. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  94. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Election Statistics". Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
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