Yaakov Koppel Altenkunshtadt
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Yaakov Koppel Altenkunshtadt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yaakov Koppel Altenkunshtadt (1765–1839), also known as Reb Koppel Charif for his sharp (Hebrew: חריף) intellect, was one of the leading Orthodox rabbis of Hungary in the first half of the nineteenth century. A peer of the famed Moses Sofer of Pressburg, Koppel Charif presided over the largest and most prestigious yeshiva in Hungary.[1]
Early years[edit]
Altenkunshtadt was born in the city of Altenkunshtadt, county of Unterfranken, state of Bayern [Baveria], Germany in 1765. (5526 on the Hebrew calendar). His father was the scholar Reb Tzvi Hirsh Altenkunshtadt son of Reb Shmuels. The family had resided in Altenkunshtadt for numerous generations. At the age of 10, Reb Tzvi Hirsh Altenkunshtadt sent his son to study in the yeshivah of the Gaon Rebbi Yoseph Shteinhart z”l, author of Responsa Zichron Yoseph, who led the community of Fiurda [Fürth]. After Shteinhart passed away, one year after Altenkunshtadt's arrival, Altenkunshtadt continued his studies under Gaon Rebbi Hirsh, the son of the Gaon Avrohom Janov, known as R’ Hirsh Charif, son-in-law of the Gaon Rephoel Cohen Av Beis Din of the trio of congregations of Ah”u (Altona, Hamburg, Vanzibek).
In 1781 (Jewish year 5542) Altenkunshtadt went to study under Yechezkel Landau of Prague, author of Noda biYehudah, where he soon attained the reputation of being the sharpest of all Rebbi Yechezkel Landau’s students and was awarded the title of meshuchrar (lit. free, unrestricted). The title indicated a student who had achieved full independence in scholarship and was free to attend or not attend classes as he wished. The only other student of the Gaon Noda biYehudah who earned this title was Altenkunshtadt’s colleague, Rebbi Elyokim Götz Schwerin. During his time in Fiurda, Altenkunshtadt's parents passed away.
He lived in Prague for four years from 1783 to 1886 (Jewish years 5544 to 5547), till the age of twenty-one. In 1786 (Jewish year 5547) he became engaged to Raizel Pessels, the daughter of the scholar and merchant R’ Avrohom Pessels of Shtampfen, Hungary. As the marriage was delayed for more than a year, he studied in Pressburg at the yeshivah of the Gaon Rebbi Meir beReb Shaul, known as the Mahara”m beRebbi, Av Beis Din of Pressburg. The marriage finally took place in 1788 (Jewish year 5549).
He studied in Shtampfen for a few months until he was appointed the rabbi in Karlburg which he served from 1789 until 1791 (Jewish years 5550 until 5552) at which time he was chosen to be rabbi of Verbau.
Verbau[edit]
Altenkunshtadt served as rabbi of Verbau for 45 years. He was well loved by the community and known for his humility, kindness, and accessibility. His life in Verbau was pleasant and tranquil and through him the city became famous for Torah scholarship. His yeshivah usually held about 150 students, which amounted to thousands over the decades. The yeshiva produced many scholars including Rebbi Osher Anshel HaLevi Yungreiz, author of the sefer Menuchas Osher, Rebbi Meir Eizenshtadt, Av Beis Din of Ungvar, author of Imrei A”sh, and Rebbi Itzok Aharon Landemberg.
Altenkunshtadt passed away on Shabbos 21st Kislev 5598 and was eulogized by the Chasom Sofer who had exchanged letters with Altenkunshtadt for several years. The eulogy appears in Sofer's book Toras Moshe in parshas Vayechi.
In his humility, Altenkunshtadt did not publish his Torah or Talmudic commentary or halachic rulings. However, he sons did assemble manuscripts most of which were destroyed in a fire many years after his passing. Only his chiddushim on tractate Chullin were printed some months after his passing, by the name of Chiddushei Yaavetz on massechess Chullin. Moses Sofer wrote an approbation to that sefer:
“That which is well-known does not need substantiation. The powerful hand of the renowned HoRav HaGaon the honored Moreinu Koppel Altenkunshtadt ztz”l, Av Beis Din and Rosh Yeshivah of the holy community of Verbau, may Hashem protect it—he is celebrated and famous in the Torah community as a high level literary master, all turned to him, his hundreds of students. He gathered [Torah thoughts] and disseminated them, building up an enormous collection of incisive clarifications of the halochos and extensive Torah discourses, forming worlds of sharp chiddushim. He climbs mountains and plumbs the depths of valleys and maneuvers logic—all with shining sapphire [of Torah light], as the aura of the Heavenly firmaments. He arose amongst us as a young Torah Scholar, diligently applying himself to his learning, bearing ripe fruit, the honored Moreinu HoRav R’ Yechezkel, may he be well—he beautifully set out his father’s chiddushim on massechess Chullin, thereby bringing merit to his father, printing them to disseminate his father’s fountains of Torah knowledge for the world, may Hashem be with him. May the merit of his holy father ztz”l stand for him to materialize his aspirations into reality. May everyone who comes to his assistance and support, take his due reward from Heaven. And may I also become partner to the mitzvah."
Also surviving the fire were novellae on tractate Gittin, on the three Bovos [Bovo Kamo, Bovo Metzia, Bovo Basro], and on various discourses on the Talmud.
Notes[edit]
References
C. (Yaakov Koppel) Duschinsky, Toldos Yaakov, The life and times of the Gaon Rebbi Koppel Charif of blessed and righteous memory (London: Rephoel Mazin and partners, 1918) in Hebrew.
Rav Shlomo Zalman Sonnenfeld, Guardian of Jerusalem (Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications).
- ^ Sonnenfeld, Shlomo Zalman (1983). Guardian of Jerusalem. Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications. p. 16. ISBN 978-0899064581.