Peja
Template:Kosovo cities Peć (Albanian: Pejë / Peja; Serbian: Пећ / Peć) is a city located in the western part of Kosovo, a Serbian province under United Nations-administration. It had a population of 81,800 as of 2003. Other names of the city include Turkish Ipek or İpek, Latin Pescium or Siparantum, and formerly, Pentza.
The city was probably founded by native Illyrians. It is located in a strategic position on the Bistrica river, a tributary of the White Drin to the east of the Cursed Mountains, known in Albanian as Bjeshkët e Nemuna. The city was known as Pescium during the Roman era; other former names include Pentza and, as reported by Ptolemy in his Geography, Siparantum.
The town became a major religious centre of medieval Serbia under the Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan, who made it the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346. It retained this status until 1766, when the Patriarchate of Peć was abolished. The town and its surrounding area are still revered by adherents of Serbian Orthodoxy; the town is the site of the patriarchal monastery, which stands above the town and consists of four fresco-decorated churches, a library, and a treasury. The 14th century Visoki Dečani monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies about 19 km south, in nearby Dečani.
It was captured by the Ottoman Empire in the late 14th century, and underwent major changes under Ottoman rule, including a change of name to Ipek. The town was settled by a large number of Turks, many of whose descendants still live in the area, and took on a distinctly oriental character with narrow streets and old-style Turkish houses. It also gained an Islamic character with the construction of a number of mosques, many of which still survive. One of these is the Bajrakli Mosque built by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century and located in the center of the city.
The five centuries of Ottoman rule came to an end in the First Balkan War of 1913, when Serbia took control of the town. Relations between the Christian Slavic Serbs and the mostly Muslim Albanians, who were the majority population, were often tense during the 20th century. They came to a head in the Kosovo War of 1999, during which the city suffered heavy damage. It suffered further damage in violent inter-ethnic unrest in 2004.
The economy was inevitably badly affected by the war, but historically it has centered on agricultural activities and craftworks produced by the city's traditional craftsmen – coppersmiths, goldsmiths, slipper makers, leather tanners, saddle makers, etc.
Demographics
| Ethnic Composition, Including IDPs | |||||||||||||
| Year/Population | Albanians | % | Serbs | % | Roma | % | Egjypta | % | Boshnjak | % | Others | % | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unreliable 1991-cens. | 96,441 | 75.5 | 7,800 | 6 | 4,442 | 3.5 | 19,098 | 15 | 127,796 | ||||
| January 1999 | 104,600 | 950 | 3,500-4,000 | 4,000-4,200 | 113,000 | ||||||||
| Current figure | 78,712 | 86.3 | 1,000 | 1.2 | 1,800 | 1.9 | 4,500 | 4.9 | 5000 | 5.4 | 91,112 | ||
| Source:OSCE, IOM, Department for Inter-Community Affairs, CEO Sector for Territorial Communities, Mother Teresa Association, Istoria Srba; Konstatin Jireček It is noted that the 1991 census was highly politicised and is thus unreliable. Ref: OSCE [1] | |||||||||||||
See also
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