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Pietro Peregrosso

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Pietro Peregrosso (born in Milan,[1] ca. 1225; died in Rome[2] or Anagni, 1 August 1295) was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical bureaucrat and Cardinal (1288-1295).

He studied at the University of Bologna and at the University of Orleans, ultimately receiving the laurels in utroque iure (both Canon Law and Civil Law).[3]

Offices

Pietro Peregrosso was Treasurer of the Church of Laon and of the Church of Cambrai, and he was a Canon of Chambéry and Canon of the Cathedral of Paris.[4] All of these appointments were sources of income, not offices which required one to care for souls of Christians.

He was Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church under Popes Innocent V, Adrian V, John XXI, Nicholas III, Martin IV, Honorius IV and Nicholas IV (i.e. from 1276 to 1288).[5] This office made him the effective head of the papal Secretariat in the Roman Curia.[6] In the earliest surviving papal bull which he supervised, he signs as Magister Petrus de Mediolano.[7]

In 1279, as Pope Nicholas III was preparing his bull on the regulation of the Constitution of the Order Minorum (Franciscans), he appointed an editorial committee to give the document its final form. Members of the committee were: Petrus Peregrosso, the Vice-Chancellor; Comes Giusiano de Casate, the Auditor of the Apostolic Palace; the Curial Advocate Angelo; and Benedetto Caetani, the protonotary.[8] The results of their work was embodied in the Liber Sextus of the Code of Canon Law.

Cardinalate

Magister Petrus was created a Cardinal Deacon by Pope Nicholas IV (Hieronymus Maschi) on 16 May, 1288, along with five others, and was assigned the Deaconry of San Giorgio in Velabro (velum aureum).[9] In the next year, before July 18, he was appointed Cardinal Priest and assigned the titular church of S. Marco.[10] In 1288 he was named the Protector of the Order of the Humiliati in Milan, and he may have been the person responsible for their decision to adopt the Roman rite in place of the Ambrosian rite in their liturgical ceremonies.[11]

Cardinal Pietro took part in the Conclave which followed the death of Pope Nicholas IV, which led ultimately to the election of Pope Celestine V. He signed the Electoral Decree of 5 July, 1294.[12] He was not present five months later on 13 December, however, when Pope Celestine resigned the Papacy.[13]

In the last year(s) of his life, apparently, Cardinal Pietro was Chamberlain of the College of Cardinals.[14] On 25 November, 1295, nearly four months after his death, the Cardinal's estate received a distribution from the Chamber of the College of Cardinals of 11 gold florins, 12 solidi, and 2 denarii from the contribution which had been made by the Abbot of S. Giorgio in Venice and was finally paid by his bankers.[15]

Death

Cardinal Pietro's last known signature on a papal bull was on 21 June, 1295, but he was too ill to attend personally and had his signature appended by proxy.[16] He wrote his Testament at Anagni on 14 and 15 July, 1295.[17] He died on 1 August, 1295, probably at Anagni, where the Papal Curia was resident from 13 June to 1 October. In accordance with one option among his testamentary wishes, he was buried in the Franciscan church of S. Maria in Aracoeli in Rome.[18]

References

  1. ^ In his Testament he identifies himself as "Petrus de Mediolano tituli Sancti Marci presbiter cardinalis": A. Paravicini Bagliani, I testamenti dei cardinali del Duecento (Roma 1980), pp. 56-58 and 272. Antoine Aubery, Histoire Generalle Des Cardinaux Volume 1 (Paris 1642), p. 345.
  2. ^ Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie delle cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa II (Roma 1792), p. 33.
  3. ^ Giancarlo Andenna, "Peregrosso, Pietro," Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 82 (2015).
  4. ^ Julian Gardner, "French patrons abroad and at home: 1260-1300," in Rome Across Time and Space. Cultural Transmission and the Exchange of Ideas c. 500-1400 (ed. C. Bolgia, R. McKitterick and J. Osborne), p. 274. A. Paravicini Bagliani, I testamenti dei cardinali del Duecento (Roma 1980), p. cv. His Testament (Gardiner, p. 274 n. 34) says: Si vero me mori contigerit ultra montes in aliquot loco, ubi beneficiatus sum, videlicet Parisius, Lauduni vel Cameraci, tunc in ecclesia cathedral ipsius civitatis, in qua me mori contigerit ipsam meam eligo sepulturam.
  5. ^ Angelo Mercati, "I codici di Cristoforo Tolomei...," p. 12.
  6. ^ Giovanni Ciampini, De sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Vicecancellario (Rome 1697), pp. 31-71.
  7. ^ Augustus Potthast, Regesta pontificum Romanorum II (Berlin 1875), p. 1718.
  8. ^ Luca Wadding, Annales Minorum V, second edition by Joseph Maria Fonseca of Evora (Rome 1733), p. 73, under the year 1279, § x.
  9. ^ Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi I, editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 11.
  10. ^ Eubel, p. 11 and p. 44. Church of S. Marco, Rome
  11. ^ Hieronymus Tiraboschi, Vetera Humiliatorum monumenta Volume I (Milan 1766), p. 90.
  12. ^ Augustinus Theiner (Editor), Caesaris S. R. E. Cardinalis Baronii, Od. Raynaldi et Jac. Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici Tomus Vicesimus Quintus, 1286-1312 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1871), under the year 1294 § 6, p. 131.  Augustus Potthast, Regesta pontificum Romanorum II (Berlin 1875), p. 1915 (July 5, 1294)
  13. ^ Bartholomeus de Cotton, Historia Anglicana (ed. H.R.Luard, London, 1859), pp. 256-257.
  14. ^ Johann Peter Kirsch, Die Fnanzverwaltung des Kardinalkollegiums im XIII. und XIV. Jahrhundert (Münster 1895), p. 44. The date on which he commenced the office is unknown. His only known predecessor, Cardinal Guillaume de Bray, died in 1282; there must have been at least one other cardinal between Guillaume and Pietro.
  15. ^ Kirsch, p. 97.
  16. ^ Potthast, no. 24106 and p. 2024: cum per me non possem, per Petrum Bonaegentis capellanum meum me subscripsi ('since I was not able personally, I signed through Pietro Bonaegentis my chaplain').
  17. ^ Mercati, p. 12. A. Paravicini Bagliani, I testamenti dei cardinali del Duecento (Roma 1980), pp. 56-58 and 271-272.
  18. ^ Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie delle cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa II (Roma 1792), p. 33.


Bibliography

  • A. Mercati, "I codici di Cristoforo Tolomei priore de Salteano in pegno presso il Cardenale Pietro Peregrosso (1295)," Bulletino Senese di Storia Patria n.s. 5 (1934) pp. 13-27.
  • Agostino Paravicini-Bagliani, "Le biblioteche del cardinali Pietro Peregrosso (d. 1295) e Pietro Colonna (d. 1326)," Revue d'histoire ecclesiastigue suisse 64 (1970) 104-139.
  • Maria Pia Alberzoni and Claudio M. Tartari, Il Cardinale Pietro Peregrosso e la Fondazione Francescana di Pozzuolo Martesana: (1295 - 1995) (Pozzuolo Martesana (Milano) 1996).
  • C. Tangari, "Profilo biografico di Pietro Peregrosso," in Il cardinale Pietro Peregrosso e la fondazione francescana di Pozzuolo Martesana (1295- 1995) (ed. Claudio M. Tartari) (Pozzuolo Martesana 1996), pp. 41-60.
  • C. Tangari, "Pietro Peregrosso cardinale protettore degli Umiliati," in Il cardinale Pietro Peregrosso e la fondazione francescana di Pozzuolo Martesana (1295- 1995) (ed. C.M. Tartari) (Pozzuolo Martesana 1996), pp. 147-161.
  • Annamaria Ambrosioni, Milano, papato e impero in età medievale: raccolta di studi (Milano: Vita e Pensiero, 2003).
  • Giancarlo Andenna, "Peregrosso, Pietro," Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 82 (2015).
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