Clifton Observatory
| The Observatory | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
  Location within Bristol | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Bristol |
| Country | England |
| Completed | 1766 |
The Observatory (grid reference ST564733) is a former mill, now used as an observatory, located on Clifton Down, close to the Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol, England. At 337 feet (92 metres) above the gorge, the cliff top is likely to have been used as a lookout post since at least the Iron Age.
The building was erected, with the permission of the Society of Merchant Venturers, as a windmill for corn in 1766 and later converted to the grinding of snuff, when it became known as 'The Snuff Mill'. This was damaged by a fire on October 30, 1777, when the sails were left turning during a gale and caused the equipment to catch light. It was then derelict for 52 years until in 1828 William West, an artist, rented the old mill, for 5 shillings (25p) a year, as a studio.[1]
In 1977, the Merchant Venturers sold the observatory to Honorbrook Inns; however, they were obliged to maintain public access to the camera obscura whose ownership was retained by the Merchant Venturers.[2]
It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building[3][4] and is currently on the Buildings at Risk Register.[5]
Camera obscura
West installed telescopes and a camera obscura, which were used by artists of the Bristol School to draw the Avon Gorge and Leigh Woods on the opposite side.[1] Many examples of these paintings can be seen in Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery. The pictures which originated from images within the camera obscura he called 'photogenic drawing'[6] and were based on the work of William Fox Talbot.
A 5" (13 cm) convex lens and sloping mirror were installed on the top of the tower; these project the panoramic view vertically downward into the darkened room below. Visitors view the true image (not a mirror image) on a fixed circular table 5 feet (1.5m) in diameter, with a concave metal surface, and turn the mirror by hand to change the direction of view.[7]
Cave
West also built a tunnel from the Observatory to St Vincent's Cave (also known as Ghyston's Cave or Giant's Cave), which opens onto St Vincent's Rocks on the cliff face, 250 feet (76 m) above the floor of the Avon gorge and 90 feet (27 m) below the cliff top.[8] The tunnel which is 200 feet (61 m) long, took two years to build at a cost of £1300, and first opened to the public in 1837.[6]
This cave was first mentioned as being a chapel in the year A.D. 305 and excavations, in which Romano-British pottery has been found, have revealed that it has been both a holy place and a place of refuge at various times in its history. Although the cave is in limestone, there are few formations in the natural passages.[9]
See also
References
- ^ a b "The Observatory". Bristol link. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- ^ "Downs Management Plan 2006" (PDF). Bristol City Council. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- ^ "Clifton Observatory". Images of England. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
- ^ Historic England. "Clifton Observatory (Grade II*) (1282362)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^ "Clifton Observatory". EH Buildings at Risk Register. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
- ^ a b "Clifton Famous and Infamous". Clifton Online. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
- ^ "The Bristol Camera Oscura". Brighton and Hove Museums. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- ^ "Clifton Observatory". About Bristol. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- ^ "Giant's Cave". Show caves of Britain. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
External links
Media related to Clifton Observatory at Wikimedia Commons