ZC3H12B
This sandbox is in the article namespace. Either move this page into your userspace, or remove the {{User sandbox}} template. ZC3H12B, also known as CXorf32 or MCPIP2, is a protein encoded by gene ZC3H12B located on chromosome Xq12 in humans.
ZC3H12B | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aliases | ZC3H12B, CXorf32, MCPIP2, zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 300889; MGI: 2442133; HomoloGene: 19395; GeneCards: ZC3H12B; OMA:ZC3H12B - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gene
The ZC3H12B gene is composed of 19,709 base pairs (bp) and contains 5 exons. It is located on the X chromosome at q12 on the plus strand.
ZC3H12B contains a ribonuclease domain, as well as a CCCH-type zinc finger domain. Ribonucleases (RNases) degrade RNA and are involved in the RNA maturation process. They are also a line of defense against viral RNA (D'Alessio and Riordan 1997). CCCH-type zinc fingers are associated with mRNA destabilization. Interestingly, CCCH-type zinc fingers have been shown to turn over mRNA without the removal of the PolyA tail (Lai and Blackshear 2001). ZC3H12B and its paralogs ZC3H12A, ZC3H12C and ZC3H12D all contain CCCH-type zinc finger domains, which have been associated with cell cycle and growth phase transitions in eukaryotes (InterPro).
Promoter
Genomatix ElDorado program predicted a 601 bp promoter upstream of the ZC3H12B gene with multiple transcription factor binding sites including nuclear factor of activated T-cells and ribonucleoprotein associated zinc finger protein MOK-2 (also known as ZNF239).
mRNA
ZC3H12B contains 7273 bp mRNA. There is only one predicted transcript by Aceview. discussion of folding patterns, discussion of introns and exons INSERT ACEVIEW PICTURE
Protein
ZC3H12B is a probable ribonuclease containing CCCH-type Zinc finger domain and ribonuclease domains. The 836 amino acid protein has a predicted molecular weight of 94.2 kdal. It does not contain a signal peptide or a transmembrane region. PSORTII predicted 65.2% probability of nuclear location. CCCH-type zinc fingers and ribonucleases are presumabely located in the nucleus for RNA cleaving and specifically, RNA hairpin cleaving (Boysen and Hearn 2008).
Structural characteristics
(ie. unmodified) and topology - MAP The protein secondary structure is a mixture of alpha helices and beta strands. The two domains identified so far are the ribonuclease and CCCH-type zinc finger domains.
Post-translational Modification
NetPhos 2.0. predicted 63 phosphorylation sites in ZC3H12B, which are marked on the conceptual translation. YinOYang1.2. predicted three 0-Beta-GlcNAc attachment sites, which are competing with phosphorylation sites. 0-Beta-GlcNAc is presumably the only type of glycosylation occurring in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of cells. There is a notable link between antigen activation by lymphocytes and dynamic 0-B-Glycosylation in nuclear proteins (Hart and Akimoto). There were no predicted acetylation sites at the N-terminus of the protein. This is interesting because approximately 85% of human proteins are acetylated at the N terminus for synthesis, stabilization and localization of proteins (Van Damm et al).
Evolution
Select domains of ZC3H12B are conserved in most vertebrates, arthropods and annelids. There are not conserved domains in domains bacteria or archaea. There were not significantly conserved domains in yeasts, plants or protists.
Paralogs
Name | Species | NCBI Accession Number | Length (AA) | Protein Identity |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZC3H12B | Homo sapiens | NM_001010888.3 | 836aa | 100% |
ZC3H12A | Homo sapiens | NM_025079.2 | 599aa | 68% |
ZC3H12C | Homo sapiens | NM_033390.1 | 883aa | 53% |
ZC3H12D | Homo sapiens | NM_207360.2 | 527aa | 61% |
Orthologs
Species | Species common name | Divergence (MYA) | NCBI Accession Number (Protein) | Length (amino acids) | Protein Identity | Similarity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Human | n/a | NP_001010888.3 | 836aa | 100% | 100% | |
Pan paniscus | Chimpanzee | 6.3 | XP_003816967.1 | 836aa | 99% | 99% | |
Pongo abelii | Orangutan | 15.7 | XP_002831786.1 | 836aa | 99% | 99% | |
Macaca mulatta | Rhesus Monkey | 29 | XP_002806307.1 | 836aa | 99% | 99% | |
Callithrix jacchus | Marmoset | 42.6 | XP_002762992.2 | 836aa | 98% | 98% | |
Mus musculus | Mouse | 92.3 | NP_001030079.2 | 835aa | 91% | 94% | |
Sus scrofa | Pig | 94.2 | XP_003360389.1 | 836aa | 93% | 96% | |
Gallus gallus | Chicken | 296 | XP_003641177.1 | 837aa | 77% | 85% | |
Chrysemys picta bellii | Painted Turtle | 296 | XP_005279572.1 | 838aa | 78% | 86% | |
Oryzias latipes | Medaka | 400.1 | XP_004076599.1 | 845aa | 67% | 77% | |
Gadus morhua | Atlantic Cod | 400.1 | AFK76491.1 | 842aa | 29% | 44% | |
Danio rerio | Zebra Fish | 400.1 | XP_001342172.3 | 982aa | 68% | 77% | |
Petromyzon marinus | Lamprey | 535.7 | ABO21295.1 | 222aa | 44% | 58% | |
Branchiostoma floridae | Lancelet | 713.2 | XP_002598834.1 | 492aa | 66% | 79% | |
Ciona intestinalis | Vase Tunicate | 722.5 | XP_002125834.1 | 863aa | 54% | 66% | |
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | Purple Sea Urchin | 742.9 | XP_787030.3 | 974aa | 58% | 72% | |
Aplysiomorpha californica | Sea Hare | 782.7 | XP_005113312.1 | 1269aa | 51% | 69% | |
Drosophila grimshawi | Hawaii Fruit Fly | 782.7 | XP_001994140.1 | 548aa | 51% | 69% | |
Anopheles gambiae | Mosquito | 782.7 | XP_321880 | 637aa | 59% | 75% | |
Apis mellifera | Honey Bee | 782.7 | XP_397264 | 652aa | 58% | 73% | |
Caenorhabditis elegans | Round Worm (Nematode) | 937.5 | NP_491985.4 | 634aa | 46% | 64% |
Expression and Function
Microarrays in normal tissue expression profiling showed increased expression of the gene in the pancreas, prostate, brain, spinal cord and thymus (GEO). Unlike its paralogs, it is not expressed in macrophage-activated tissues, which indicates the paralogous relationship to the inflammatory response (Liang et al 2008).
ZC3H12B is expressed transiently in brain, thymus and testis tissues (EST)
Interaction
Predicted interactions by Ingenuity Systems showed no drug targeting molecules in pathway and no known drug targets. The listed top functions and diseases were cancer, organismal injury and abnormalities, reproductive system disease. Several miRNA interactions were predicted.
Clinical significance
Deletions of the Xq12 locus has resulted in several disorders such as androgen insensitivity, susceptibility to prostate cancer, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of Kennedy and mental retardation; however, no link has been found between these diseases and ZC3H12B.
References
Liang J, Song W, Tromp G, Kolattukudy PE, Fu M. 2008. Genome-Wide Survey and Expression Profiling of CCCH-Zinc Finger Family Reveals a Functional Module in Macrophage Activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283(10):6337-46.
Boysen, R.I. and Hearn, M.T.W. 2008. The metal binding properties of the CCCH motif of the 50S ribosomal protein L36 from Thermus thermophilus.
Hart, G.W. and Akimoto, Y. The O-GlcNAc Modification. Essentials of Glycobiology. 2nd edition.
Van Damme, Petra; Hole, Kristine; Pimenta-Marques, Ana; Helsens, Kenny; Vandekerckhove, Joël; Martinho, Rui G.; Gevaert, Kris; Arnesen, Thomas; Snyder, Michael (7 July 2011). "NatF Contributes to an Evolutionary Shift in Protein N-Terminal Acetylation and Is Important for Normal Chromosome Segregation". PLoS Genetics 7 (7): e1002169.
Ribonuclease activity is a common property of Arabidopsis CCCH-containing zinc-finger proteins.
InterPro. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR000571
External Links
1 NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
2 HGNC (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Comittee) [www.genenames.org]
3 GC (Gene Cards) [www.genecards.org]
4 OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)[1]
5 Ensembl (Ensembl)[www.ensembl.org]
6 GS (Google Scholar) [www.scholar.google.com]
7 UniProtKB/Swissprot (UniProtein Knowlegdebase/Swissprot) [www.uniprot.org]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102053 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000035045 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.