Christian Democratic Party (Norway)
Christian Democratic Party | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Knut Arild Hareide |
| Parliamentary leader | Hans Olav Syversen |
| Founded | 1933 |
| Headquarters | Oslo |
| Youth wing | Young Christian Democrats |
| Membership | 69,000 (peak, 1980)[1] 35,030 (2010)[2] |
| Ideology | General: Christian democracy, Social conservatism,[3] Euroscepticism Internal factions: Social liberalism[4] Christian conservatism[4] |
| Political position | Centre[5] |
| European affiliation | European People's Party (observer) |
| International affiliation | Centrist Democrat International |
| Colours | Red, Orange |
| Parliament | 10 / 169
|
| County Councils[6] | 47 / 728
|
| Municipal / City Councils[7] | 656 / 10,781
|
| Sami Parliament | 0 / 39
|
| Website | |
| www.krf.no | |
The Christian Democratic Party (Bokmål: Kristelig Folkeparti, Nynorsk: Kristeleg Folkeparti, KrF), is a Christian democratic[8] political party in Norway founded in 1933. The Norwegian name literally translates to Christian People's Party. The name may also be translated as "The People's Christian Party", thus not excluding non-Christian voters.
The party follow their European counterparts in many ways, arguing that the state should care for its citizens but not get otherwise economically involved. In the late 1990s they positioned themselves as a family-friendly party. The party is an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP).
Knut Arild Hareide is the current leader of the party. Their leader from 1983 to 1995, Kjell Magne Bondevik, was one of the most prominent political figures in modern Norway, serving as Prime Minister from 1997 to 2000 and 2001 to 2005. Under the old leadership of Bondevik and Valgerd Svarstad Haugland, the party was to some extent radicalized and moved towards the left. Due largely to their poor showing in the 2009 elections, the party has seen a conflict between its conservative and liberal wings over which direction their political ideology should shift in the future.[4]
Political views
In social policy the Christian Democratic Party generally have conservative opinions. On life issues, the party opposes euthanasia, and abortion, though it can support abortion in cases of rape or when the mother's life is at risk. The party supports accessibility to contraception as a way of lowering abortion rates.[9] They also want to ban research on human fetuses, and have expressed skepticism for proposals to liberalize the biotechnology laws in Norway.[10] Bondevik's second government made the biotechnology laws of Norway among the strictest in the World, with support from the Socialist Left Party and the Centre Party, but in 2004 a case regarding a child with thalassemia brought this law under fire.[11][12] On gay rights issues, the party supports possibilities for gay couples to live together, but opposes gay marriage and gay adoption rights. The party maintains neutrality on the issue of gay clergy, calling that an issue for the church.[13]
Since the party was established, a declaration of Christian faith has been required if a person is to be elected to a position of trust in the party. The increase of support from other religions, including Islam, have stimulated efforts to abolish this rule.[14]
History
KrF was founded as a reaction to the growing secularism in Norway in the 1930s. Cultural and spiritual values were proposed as an alternative to political parties focusing on material values. The immediate cause of its foundation was the failure of Nils Lavik, a popular figure in the religious community, to be nominated as a candidate for Venstre (the liberal party), for the parliamentary elections in 1933. In reaction to this, Kristelig Folkeparti was set up, with Lavik as their top candidate in the county of Hordaland. He succeeded in being elected to Stortinget, the Norwegian parliament. No other counties were contested. At the next elections, in 1936, the party also ran in Bergen, and succeeded in electing a representative from there as well. In 1945, at the first elections after the Nazi occupation of Norway, the party was organised on a nationwide basis, and won 8 seats.
KrF became part of a short-lived non-socialist coalition government along with Høyre (Conservatives), Venstre and Senterpartiet (Center Party) in 1963. At the elections of 1965, these four parties won a majority of seats in Stortinget and ruled in a coalition government from 1965 to 1971.
KrF opposed Norwegian membership in the European Community ahead of the referendum in 1972. The referendum gave a no-vote, and when the pro-EC Labour government resigned, a coalition government was formed among the anti-EC parties, KrF, Venstre and Senterpartiet. Lars Korvald became KrF's first prime minister for a year, until the elections of 1973 restored the Labour government.
The 1981 elections left the non-socialists with a majority in parliament, but negotiations for a coalition government failed because of disagreement over the abortion issue.[15] However, this issue was later toned down, and from 1983 to 1986, and from 1989 to 1990 KrF was part of coalitions with Høyre and Senterpartiet.
In 1997 KrF received 13.7% of the votes, and got 25 seats in the Storting. Kjell Magne Bondevik served as prime minister in 1997-2000, in coalition with Venstre and Senterpartiet, and then in 2001-2005 with Venstre and Høyre.
In the 2005 election KrF received only 6.8%, and the party became part of the opposition in the Storting.
Voter base
Geographically, the Christian Democrats enjoy their strongest support on the south coast. In the 2005 elections, their best results were in Vest-Agder with 18.9% of the vote, compared to a national average of 6.8%.[16]
As a party centered around Christian values, the party obviously draws support from the Christian population. Their policies supporting Christian values, and opposing same-sex marriage appeal to the more conservative religious base. The main rival in the competition for conservative Christian votes has been the Progress Party.[17]
KrF has also sought support among the Muslim minority in Norway, pointing to their restrictive policies on alcohol and pornography, although party's support for Israel concerns several Muslim voters.[18]
Table of parliamentary election results
| Year | Percentage of votes | Members of the Storting elected |
|---|---|---|
| 1933 | 0.8% | 1 |
| 1936 | 1.3% | 2 |
| 1945 | 7.9% | 8 |
| 1949 | 8.5%¹ | 9 |
| 1953 | 10.5% | 14 |
| 1957 | 10.2% | 12 |
| 1961 | 9.6%¹ | 15 |
| 1965 | 8.1%¹ | 13 |
| 1969 | 9.4%¹ | 14 |
| 1973 | 12.2%¹ | 20 |
| 1977 | 12.4%¹ | 22 |
| 1981 | 9.4%¹ | 15 |
| 1985 | 8.3% | 16 |
| 1989 | 8.5% | 14 |
| 1993 | 7.9% | 13 |
| 1997 | 13.7% | 25 |
| 2001 | 12.4% | 22 |
| 2005 | 6.8% | 11 |
| 2009 | 5.5% | 10 |
¹KrF ran on mutual lists with other parties in some constituencies. This figure is an estimate by Statistics Norway.
List of party leaders
- Ingebrigt Bjørø (1933–38)
- Nils Lavik (1938–51)
- Erling Wikborg (1951–55)
- Einar Hareide (1955–67)
- Lars Korvald (1967–75)
- Kåre Kristiansen (1975–77)
- Lars Korvald (1977–79)
- Kåre Kristiansen (1979–83)
- Kjell Magne Bondevik (1983–95)
- Valgerd Svarstad Haugland (1995–2004)
- Dagfinn Høybråten (2004–11)
- Knut Arild Hareide (2011–present)
External links
- Template:No icon Official web site
- Election results for the Christian Democratic Party in the 2007 local elections
References
- ^ Røed, Lars-Ludvig (7 January 2009). "Lengre mellom partimedlemmene i dag". Aftenposten.
- ^ "KrF mister medlemmer". VG Nett (NTB) (in Norwegian). 2 September 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ "Political parties". CivicActive. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
- ^ a b c Gjerde, Robert (15 February 2010). "Nestleder vil skrote KrFs Israel-politikk". Aftenposten. Stavanger.
- ^ "Hva står de politiske partiene for?". Nasjonal Digital Læringsarena.
- ^ "Valg 2011: Landsoversikt per parti" (in Norwegian). Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Kristeleg Folkeparti". Valg 2011 (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ T. Banchoff (28 June 1999). Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor & Francis. pp. 126–. ISBN 978-0-415-18188-4. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- ^ KrF on life protection and abortion (KrF.no) Template:No icon
- ^ KrF on bio- and genetic technology (KrF.no) Template:No icon
- ^ Mehmet gets stem-cell dispensation Aftenposten, December 10, 2004
- ^ Stillheten etter Mehmet (The quiet after Mehmet) VG, September 1, 2005
- ^ KrF on gay rights (KrF.no) Template:No icon
- ^ Sporstøl, Ellen (May 2, 2009). "Høybråten ønsker seg muslimer" (in Norwegian). TV2 nyhetene. Retrieved 2009-09-02. [dead link]
- ^ National Archival Services of Norway Template:No icon
- ^ "Stortingsvalet 2005. Godkjende røyster, etter parti/valliste og kommune. Prosent" (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2005. Retrieved 2009-09-02. [dead link]
- ^ Fondenes, Eivind (September 1, 2009). "- Høybråten tjener på homo-motstand". TV2 nyhetene. Retrieved 2009-09-02. [dead link]
- ^ Archer, Else Karine (August 14, 2009). "Tror på Allah, stemmesanker for KrF" (in Norwegian). NRK. Retrieved 2009-09-02.