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Sailing at the Summer Olympics

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Sailing at the Summer Olympics
Governing bodyWorld Sailing
Events0 (mixed)
Summer Olympics

Sailing (also known as yachting until 1996) has been one of the Olympic sports since the Games of the I Olympiad, held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. Despite being scheduled in the first Olympic program, the races were canceled due to severe weather conditions. Apart from the 1904 Summer Olympics, sailing has been present in every other edition of the Olympic Games.

Introduction

Over the years Olympic Sailing can be categorized into several periods:[1]

Periode Type Examples
1896 – 1912: The Gentlemen  Hermann de Pourtalès (SUI)  Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild (FRA)
1920 – 1936: The Yachtsmen  Virginie Hériot (FRA)  Johan Anker (NOR)
1948 – 1964: The Innovators  Paul Elvstrøm (DEN)  Keith Musto (GBR)
1968 – 1984: The Sailors  Rodney Pattisson (GBR)  Valentin Mankin (URS)
1992 – 2000: The Athletes  Jochen Schümann (GDR)  Theresa Zabell (ESP)
2004 – 20??: The Performers  Ben Ainslie (GBR)  Yin Jian (CHN)

Over time, different classes of boat featured at the Olympics. Initially, the classes were specified in tons, then later in meters, feet or generic names. For the discontinued classes, the Vintage Yachting Games were introduced in 2008.

Until 1988, sailing was a gender-independent sport. Even in 1900, several women participated at the Olympic sailing regattas. In 1988, the first exclusive women's sailing event was introduced.

Most of the Olympic sailing competitions were done in what is called a fleet race format. At some Olympics, however, was also the match race format, or a mixed fleet/match race format. Great Britain leads the Olympic sailing medal ranking table.

Olympic classes (equipment)

Over the years the classes used in the Olympic Sailing Program were replaced from time to time. This table shows this development:

Olympic discipline 96[2] 00[3] 04[4] 08 12 16[5] 20 24 28 32 36 40[6] 44[7] 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 Sailed Events
Boats of the Royal Navy • 0
½ ton • 1
½–1 ton • 1
1–2 ton • 1
2–3 ton • 1
3–10 ton • 1
10–20 ton • 1
Open class • 1
6 Metre 1907 • • • 11
1919 • • • •
1933 • • • •
7 Metre 1907 • • 2
8 Metre 1907 • • • 8
1919 • • • •
1933 •
12 Metre 1907 • • • 4
1919 •
15 Metre 1907 • 0
10 Metre 1907 • • 3
1919 •
9 Metre 1907 • 0
12 foot dinghy • • • 2
18 foot dinghy • 1
6,5 Metre • 1
8.5 Metre • 0
30m2 class • 1
40m2 class • 1
French National Monotype 1924 • 1
Snowbird • 1
Star • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19
• • •
O-Jolle • 1
Dragon • • • • • • • 7
Swallow • 1
Firefly • 1
Finn • • • • • • • • • • 17
• • • • • • •
5,5 Metre • • • • • 5
Sharpie 12m2 • 1
Flying Dutchman • • • • • • • • • 9
Soling • • • • • 8
c • • •
Tempest • • 2
Tornado • • • • • • • • • 9
470 • • • 17
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
Windglider • 1
Division II • 1
Lechner • 2
•
Europe • • • • 4
Mistral • • • 6
• • •
Laser • • • 6
• • •
49er • • • • • 5
Yngling • • 2
RS:X • • 4
• •
Laser Radial • • • 3
Elliott 6m m • 1
49erFX • 1
Kiteboarding • 1
• 1
Nacra 17 • 1
47 total 1 7 0 5 4 16 3 3 4 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 10 10 11 11 11 10 10 181
Olympiads I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII XXVIII XXIX XXX XXXI Total
  • = Male
  • = Female
  • m = Female matchrace
  • = Mixed
  • = Open class
  • c = Open class fleet/matchrace
  • 1907 = Open 1907 rule
  • 1919 = Open 1919 rule
  • 1933 = Open 1933 rule

Olympic sailing venues

Main article: List of Olympic venues in sailing

Pictures will be replaced by more relevant photos.

Games Year Host City Sailing venue Opening Closing View Classes
I 1896 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Athens Piraeus 1-APR 1-APR Cancelled
II 1900 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Paris Meulan 20-MAY 27-MAY All, except ...
Le Havre 1-AUG 5-AUG 10–20 ton
III 1904 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). St. Louis Not programmed
IV 1908 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). London Ryde 27-JUL 29-JUL 6 Metre
7 Metre
8 Metre
Hunter's Quay 11-AUG 12-AUG 12 Metre
V 1912 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Stockholm Nynäshamn 19-JUL 22-JUL All
VI 1916 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Berlin Probably not programmed
VII 1920 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Antwerp Ostend 7-JUL 10-JUL All, except...
The Netherlands SEP SEP Finals 12 foot dinghy
VIII 1924 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Paris Meulan 10-JUL 13-JUL French National Monotype 1924
Le Havre 21-JUL 26-JUL 6 Metre
8 Metre
IX 1928 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Amsterdam Durgerdam 2-AUG 9-AUG All
X 1932 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Los Angeles Port of Los Angeles 5-AUG[8] 12-AUG All
XI 1936 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Berlin Kiel 4-AUG 16-AUG All
XII 1940 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Tokyo Yokohama harbour 21-SEP 6-OCT All
Cancelled
Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Helsinki Program not made Cancelled
XIII 1944 Olympics suspended
XIV 1948 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). London Torquay 4-AUG 12-AUG All
XV 1952 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Helsinki Harmaja 20-JUL 28-JUL All
XVI 1956 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Melbourne Port Phillip Bay 26-NOV 5-DEC All
XVII 1960 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Rome Naples 29-AUG 7-SEP All
XVIII 1964 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Tokyo Enoshima 12-OCT 23-OCT All
XIX 1968 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Mexico City Acapulco 13-OCT 25-OCT All
XX 1972 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Munich Kiel 29-AUG 8-SEP All
XXI 1976 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Montreal Kingston, Ontario 18-JUL 31-JUL All
XXII 1980 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Moscow Tallinn 21-JUL 29-JUL All
XXIII 1984 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Los Angeles Long Beach, California 31-JUL 8-AUG All
XXIV 1988 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Seoul Busan 20-SEP 27-SEP All
XXV 1992 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Barcelona Barcelona 27-JUL 4-AUG All
XXVI 1996 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Atlanta Savannah, Georgia 22-JUL 2-AUG All
XXVII 2000 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Sydney Sydney 17-SEP 30-SEP All
XXVIII 2004 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Athens Athens 14-AUG 28-AUG All
XXVIX 2008 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). Beijing Qingdao 9-AUG 21-AUG All
XXX 2012 Lua error in Module:Country_alias at line 271: Parameter 1 should be the name(s) of the athlete(s). London Weymouth and Portland 28-JUL 11-AUG All

Medal table

This list includes Olympic medals in years up to and including 2008.

See also: List of Olympic medalists in sailing
1  Great Britain (GBR) 25 18 11 54
2  United States (USA) 19 23 17 59
3  Norway (NOR) 17 11 3 31
4  Spain (ESP) 13 5 1 19
5  France (FRA) 12 11 15 38
6  Denmark (DEN) 12 9 7 28
7  Sweden (SWE) 10 12 13 35
8  Australia (AUS) 10 5 8 23
9  New Zealand (NZL) 8 5 5 18
10  Brazil (BRA) 6 3 8 17
11  Netherlands (NED) 5 8 7 20
12  Soviet Union (URS) 4 5 3 12
13  Germany (GER) 3 4 3 10
14  Austria (AUT) 3 4 0 7
15  Italy (ITA) 3 3 8 14
16  Greece (GRE) 3 2 2 7
17  Belgium (BEL) 2 4 3 9
18  Finland (FIN) 2 2 7 11
19  West Germany (FRG) 2 2 3 7
20  East Germany (GDR) 2 2 2 6
21  China (CHN) 2 2 1 5
22  Mixed team (ZZX) 2 0 0 2
23  Ukraine (UKR) 1 2 2 5
24  Switzerland (SUI) 1 1 1 3
 United Team of Germany (EUA) 1 1 1 3
26  Poland (POL) 1 0 3 4
27  Israel (ISR) 1 0 2 3
28  Bahamas (BAH) 1 0 1 2
29  Hong Kong (HKG) 1 0 0 1
30  Argentina (ARG) 0 4 5 9
31  Canada (CAN) 0 3 6 9
32  Portugal (POR) 0 2 2 4
33  Japan (JPN) 0 1 1 2
 Russia (RUS) 0 1 1 2
 Slovenia (SLO) 0 1 1 2
36  Cuba (CUB) 0 1 0 1
 Cyprus (CYP) 0 1 0 1
 Czech Republic (CZE) 0 1 0 1
 Ireland (IRL) 0 1 0 1
 Lithuania (LTU) 0 1 0 1
 Netherlands Antilles (AHO) 0 1 0 1
 Virgin Islands (ISV) 0 1 0 1
43  Estonia (EST) 0 0 2 2
44  Hungary (HUN) 0 0 1 1
Total 162 153 146 461

Statistics

This table is based upon the names of the sailors who are documented in the Official Olympic Reports. The table is currently being built and is complete up until 1956.

Country 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 Total
 Argentina 5 6 11 18 14 6 10 8 78
 Australia 3 6 11 17 13 50
 Austria 2 1 1 5 3 1 11 8 32
 Barbados 1 1
 Bahamas 7 3 10
 Belarus 4 2 6
 Belgium 3 14 8 7 3 12 4 1 3 3 58
 Bermuda 3 2 5
 Burma 3 3
 Brazil 1 7 6 3 12 9 38
 Bulgaria 1 2 3
 Canada 1 13 1 5 11 8 14 11 64
 Chile 1 1 3 5
 China 18 9 27
 Chinese Taipei 1 1 2
 Colombia 1 2 3
 Cook Islands 1 1
 Croatia 10 12 22
 Cuba 3 2 3 2 10
 Cyprus 4 2 6
 Czech Republic 4 4 8
 Denmark 3 6 6 7 13 7 4 6 13 65
 Dominican Republic 1 1
 Egypt 1 1
 Estonia 6 1 4 4 4 1 2 5 27
 Fiji 1 1
 Finland 28 1 1 12 12 14 3 9 11 91
 France 66 3 3 3 9 13 3 14 16 9 8 18 16 181
 West Germany 0
 Great Britain 8 41 6 5 7 2 14 13 14 12 18 16 156
 East Germany 0
 Germany 5 6 1 14 14 9 12 12 73
 Greece 4 3 2 12 11 32
 Guatemala 1 2 3
 Hong Kong 2 2 4
 Hungary 6 1 3 3 13
 Independent Olympic Participants 1 1
 India 1 1
 Indonesia 1 1
 Ireland 5 1 1 6 8 21
 Israel 7 7 14
 Italy 3 12 1 14 15 14 12 18 11 100
 Jamaica 0
 Japan 3 1 9 9 22
 Kyrgyzstan 1 1
 Latvia 1 2 2 2 1 8
 Lithuania 2 1 1 1 3 8
 Luxembourg 1 1
 Malaysia 1 1 2
 Mexico 3 3 6
 Monaco 1 1 2 1 5
 Montenegro 1 1
 Netherlands 3 8 2 16 2 8 12 9 12 11 83
 New Zealand 5 9 15 29
 Norway 5 18 59 9 10 14 13 12 6 9 6 161
 Paraguay 1 1
 Peru 1 1 2
 Philippines 0
 Poland 1 2 6 11 11 31
 Portugal 1 4 3 9 9 5 8 13 52
 Puerto Rico 0
 Republic of China 0
 Russia 17 10 10 37
 Saint Lucia 1 1
 Seychelles 1 1
 Singapore 5 6 2 13
 Slovakia 1 1
 Slovenia 6 4 10
 South Africa 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 2 20
 South Korea 4 4 8
 Spain 3 7 1 3 1 16 14 45
 Switzerland 3 1 2 6 13 11 9 6 51
 Sweden 13 41 12 11 5 7 14 15 14 7 11 14 164
 Czechoslovakia 1 2 1 4
 Thailand 2 2 3 7
 Trinidad and Tobago 1 1
 Tunisia 1 1
 Turkey 3 6 5 14
 Soviet Union 14 11 25
 Ukraine 6 4 10
 United Arab Emirates 1 1
 United States 11 21 14 16 16 13 18 16 125
 Uruguay 1 4 1 1 2 9
 Venezuela 3 2 5
 Virgin Islands 1 2 3
 Yugoslavia 1 3 4
 Mixed team 3 3
Sailors 88 65 110 102 72 134 54 169 216 227 153 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1390
1 2 0 1 1 3 0 2 0 3 0 13
87 63 110 101 71 131 54 167 216 224 153 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1377
First Olympic 88 65 101 98 64 119 50 150 190 169 1094
Continents 2 1 1 1 4 4 3 4 5 6 6 6
Countries 6 5 6 6 19 23 11 26 23 29 29 53
New countries 6 3 3 0 10 5 0 6 3 2 6 44
Classes 7 4 4 14 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 58
First use 7 5 1 7 1 0 2 1 3 2 1 30
Boats 70 13 24 24 31 41 23 59 75 93 71 524
Average class size 10 3.3 6 1.7 10.3 13.7 5.8 14.8 15 18.6 14.2 9
Average team size 1.3 5 4.6 4.3 2.3 3.3 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.7
Olympiads I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII XXVIII XXIX XXX Total

Sailing medal leaders (by Summer Olympiad)

Games of Leader Gold Silver Bronze Total
 France, 1900 Paris  Great Britain (GBR) 3 0 1 4
 United Kingdom, 1908 London  Great Britain (GBR) 4 1 1 6
 Sweden, 1912 Stockholm  Norway (NOR) 2 0 0 2
 Belgium, 1920 Antwerp  Norway (NOR) 7 3 1 11
 France, 1924 Paris  Norway (NOR) 2 1 0 3
 Netherlands, 1928 Amsterdam  Norway (NOR) 1 1 0 2
 United States, 1932 Los Angeles  United States (USA) 2 1 0 3
 Germany, 1936 Berlin  Germany (GER) 1 1 1 3
 United Kingdom, 1948 London  United States (USA) 2 1 1 4
 Finland, 1952 Helsinki  United States (USA) 2 1 0 3
 Australia, 1956 Melbourne  Sweden (SWE) 2 0 0 2
 Italy, 1960 Rome  Denmark (DEN) 1 2 0 3
 Japan, 1964 Tokyo  United Team of Germany (EUA) 1 1 0 2
 Mexico, 1968 Mexico City  United States (USA) 2 0 0 2
 West Germany, 1972 Munich  Australia (AUS) 2 0 0 2
 Canada, 1976 Montreal  West Germany (FRG) 2 0 1 3
 Soviet Union, 1980 Moscow  Brazil (BRA) 2 0 0 2
 United States, 1984 Los Angeles  United States (USA) 3 4 0 7
 South Korea, 1988 Seoul  France (FRA) 2 0 0 2
 Spain, 1992 Barcelona  Spain (ESP) 4 1 0 5
 United States, 1996 Atlanta  Brazil (BRA) 2 0 1 3
 Australia, 2000 Sydney  Great Britain (GBR) 3 2 0 5
 Greece, 2004 Athens  Great Britain (GBR) 2 1 2 5
 China, 2008 Beijing  Great Britain (GBR) 4 1 1 6
 United Kingdom, 2012 London  Australia (AUS) 3 1 0 4

Multiple medalists

Brazilians Torben Grael and Robert Scheidt and Briton Ben Ainslie are the only Olympic sailors with five Olympic medals. The most successful sailor is Ainslie with four gold medals and one silver.

Position Sailor Country Period Gold Silver Bronze Total Classes
1 Ben Ainslie  Great Britain (GBR) 1996–2012 4 1 0 5 Laser/Finn
2 Paul Elvstrøm  Denmark (DEN) 1948–1960 4 0 0 4 Firefly/Finn
3 Jochen Schümann  Germany (GER) 1976–2000 3 1 0 4 Finn/Soling
Valentin Mankin  Soviet Union (URS) 1968–1980 3 1 0 4 Finn/Tempest/Star
5 Robert Scheidt  Brazil (BRA) 1996–2012 2 2 1 5 Laser/Star
6 Torben Grael  Brazil (BRA) 1984–2004 2 1 2 5 Soling/Star
7 Magnus Konow  Norway (NOR) 1912–1936 2 1 0 3 12 Metre/8 Metre/6 Metre
Rodney Pattisson  Great Britain (GBR) 1968–1976 2 1 0 3 Flying Dutchman
Mark Reynolds  United States (USA) 1988–2000 2 1 0 3 Star
Iain Percy  Great Britain (GBR) 2000–2012 2 1 0 3 Finn/Star
11 Tore Holm  Sweden (SWE) 1920–1948 2 0 2 4 40m2 class/8 Metre/6 Metre
Four or more medals
Alessandra Sensini  Italy (ITA) 1996–2008 1 1 2 4 Mistral/RS:X
Carlos Espínola  Argentina (ARG) 1996–2008 0 2 2 4 Mistral/Tornado

Notes

  1. ^ Template:ISBN-13[full citation needed] Olympic Classes
  2. ^ It is unclear in what classes the races were scheduled.
  3. ^ In 1900 two races were held in the ½-ton, 1–2 Ton and 2–3 Ton classes. After each race, trophies were handed out, in addition to the ultimate winners receiving their Olympic medals.
  4. ^ Sailing was not included in the 1904 Olympic program.
  5. ^ It is not known in what classes the races were scheduled.
  6. ^ Program Tokio announced.
  7. ^ No program created.
  8. ^ This is the first time all Olympic events took place in one periode.

See also

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