Jump to content

Sodium-glucose transport proteins

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 108.66.127.105 (talk) at 02:55, 2 May 2012 (→Function). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1
Identifiers
SymbolSLC5A1
Alt. symbolsSGLT1
NCBI gene6523
HGNC11036
OMIM182380
RefSeqNM_000343
UniProtP13866
Other data
LocusChr. 22 q13.1
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2
Identifiers
SymbolSLC5A2
Alt. symbolsSGLT2
NCBI gene6524
HGNC11037
OMIM182381
RefSeqNM_003041
UniProtP31639
Other data
LocusChr. 16 p11.2
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
solute carrier family 5 (low affinity glucose cotransporter), member 4
Identifiers
SymbolSLC5A4
Alt. symbolsSGLT3, SAAT1, DJ90G24.4
NCBI gene6527
HGNC11039
RefSeqNM_014227
UniProtQ9NY91
Other data
LocusChr. 22 q12.1-12.3
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST). They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption. In the kidneys, 100% of the filtered glucose in the glomerulus has to be reabsorbed along the nephron (98% in PCT, via SGLT2). In case of too high plasma glucose concentration (hyperglycemia), glucose is excreted in urine (glucosuria); because SGLT are saturated with the filtered monosaccharide. Glucose is never secreted by the nephron.

Types

The two most well known members of SGLT family are SGLT1 and SGLT2, which are members of the SLC5A gene family.

Gene Protein Acronym Tissue distribution
in proximal tubule[1]		 Na+:Glucose
Co-transport ratio		 Contribution to glucose
reabsorption (%)[2]
SLC5A1 Sodium/GLucose
coTransporter 1		 SGLT1 S3 segment 2:1 10
SLC5A2 Sodium/GLucose
coTransporter 2		 SGLT2 predominately in the
S1 and S2 segments		 1:1 90

Including SGLT1 and SGLT2, there are total seven members in the human protein family SLC5A, several of which may also be sodium-glucose transporters.[3]

Function

Firstly, the Na+/K+ ATPase pump on the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule, cell actively (requires ATP) transports sodium from this cell into the peritubular capillary. This creates a downhill sodium gradient inside the proximal tubule cell. The SGLT proteins use the energy from this downhill sodium gradient created by the ATPase pump to transport glucose across the apical membrane against an uphill glucose gradient. Therefore, these co-transporters are an example of secondary active transport. (The GLUT uniporters then transport the glucose across the basolateral membrane, into the peritubular capillaries.) Both SGLT1 and SGLT2 are known as symporters, since both sodium and glucose are transported in the same direction across the membrane.

Discovery of sodium-glucose cotransport

In August 1960, in Prague, Robert K. Crane presented for the first time his discovery of the sodium-glucose cotransport as the mechanism for intestinal glucose absorption.[4]

Crane's discovery of cotransport was the first-ever proposal of flux coupling in biology.[5][6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Wright EM, Hirayama BA, Loo DF (2007). "Active sugar transport in health and disease". J. Intern. Med. 261 (1): 32–43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01746.x. PMID 17222166. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Wright EM (2001). "Renal Na(+)-glucose cotransporters". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 280 (1): F10–8. PMID 11133510. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Ensembl release 48: Homo sapiens Ensembl protein family ENSF00000000509
  4. ^ Miller D, Bihler I (1961). "The restrictions on possible mechanisms of intestinal transport of sugars". In Kleinzeller A. Kotyk A (ed.). Membrane Transport and Metabolism. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Prague, August 22–27, 1960. Czech Academy of Sciences & Academic Press. pp. 439–449.
  5. ^ Wright EM, Turk E (2004). "The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5". Pflugers Arch. 447 (5): 510–8. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1063-6. PMID 12748858. Crane in 1961 was the first to formulate the cotransport concept to explain active transport [7]. Specifically, he proposed that the accumulation of glucose in the intestinal epithelium across the brush border membrane was [is] coupled to downhill Na+ transport cross the brush border. This hypothesis was rapidly tested, refined, and extended [to] encompass the active transport of a diverse range of molecules and ions into virtually every cell type. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Boyd CA (2008). "Facts, fantasies and fun in epithelial physiology". Exp. Physiol. 93 (3): 303–14. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.037523. PMID 18192340. p. 304. "the insight from this time that remains in all current text books is the notion of Robert Crane published originally as an appendix to a symposium paper published in 1960 (Crane et al. 1960). The key point here was 'flux coupling', the cotransport of sodium and glucose in the apical membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cell. Half a century later this idea has turned into one of the most studied of all transporter proteins (SGLT1), the sodium–glucose cotransporter. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Stub icon

This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sodium-glucose_transport_proteins&oldid=490235429"