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Inglourious Basterds

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"Inglorious Bastards" redirects here. For the 1978 Italian film, see The Inglorious Bastards.
Inglourious Basterds
Theatrical poster
Directed byQuentin Tarantino
Written byQuentin Tarantino
Produced byLawrence Bender
StarringBrad Pitt
Mélanie Laurent
Christoph Waltz
Michael Fassbender
Eli Roth
Diane Kruger
Daniel Brühl
Til Schweiger
CinematographyRobert Richardson
Edited bySally Menke
Production
companies
Distributed byUnited States:
The Weinstein Company
International:
Universal Pictures
Release dates
May 20, 2009 (Cannes)
August 19, 2009 (UK)
August 20, 2009 (Aus)
August 21, 2009 (US)
Running time
153 min.
152 min. (Cannes)
CountryTemplate:FilmUS
LanguagesEnglish
French
German
Italian
Budget$70 million[1]
Box office$101,614,864[2]

Inglourious Basterds is a Template:Fy World War II revenge film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and released in August 2009 by The Weinstein Company and Universal Pictures. It was filmed in several locations, among them Germany and France,[3] beginning in October 2008.[4] The film, set in Nazi-occupied France, tells the story of two plots to assassinate the Nazi leadership, one planned by a young French Jewish cinema proprietor, the other by a team of Allied scalp-hunters.

Tarantino has repeatedly stressed that despite its being a war film, Inglourious Basterds is a "spaghetti western but with World War II iconography".[5] In addition to spaghetti westerns, the film also pays homage to the World War II "macaroni combat" sub-genre (itself heavily influenced by spaghetti-westerns).

Inglourious Basterds was accepted into the main selection at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival in competition for the prestigious Palme d'Or and had its world premiere there in May.[6] It was the only U.S. film to win an award at Cannes that year, earning a Best Actor award for Christoph Waltz.

Title

The title of the film was inspired by Italian director Enzo Castellari's 1978 Dirty Dozen-like war film The Inglorious Bastards. However, Tarantino's film is not a remake.

To date, there has been little explanation of the title spelling ( in English, the correct spelling would be "Inglorious Bastards", without the extra u in Inglourious and with an a instead of an e in Basterds). When asked, Tarantino would not explain the u and said, "But the 'Basterds'? That's just the way you say it: Basterds."[7] He commented on The Late Show with David Letterman that "Inglourious Basterds" is the "Tarantino way of spelling it."[citation needed] In the film itself, the words are briefly shown in their misspelled form on Aldo's rifle.

Premise

The film is set in an alternate history of the Second World War in which the entire top leadership of Nazi Germany - Hitler, Göring, Goebbels and Bormann - attend a film premiere in Paris in order to celebrate the exploits of a German hero sniper, (who is a fictional counter-point to the real American hero, Audie Murphy ) who had managed to kill 300 enemy soldiers in Italy over four days, single handedly forcing them to retreat. Most of the film's timeframe is set in early June 1944, after the D-Day landings but before the liberation of Paris.

The film tracks the separate attempts to kill Hitler by two disparate forces, one being the "Basterds", a motley crew of Jewish American soldiers from the Office of Strategic Services (the precursor to the CIA) out for revenge against the Nazis. The Basterds have a modus operandi whereby each man must cut off the scalps of dead Nazi soldiers, with orders to get 100 scalps each. The Basterds allow one German soldier to survive each incident so as to spread the news of the terror of their attacks. However, the Basterds carve a swastika into the forehead of that German so that they cannot hide or forget that they were a Nazi. The other force consists of Shosanna (Mélanie Laurent) – the only survivor of a Jewish family killed by a Nazi colonel nicknamed "The Jew Hunter" – and her black assistant and lover, Marcel (Jacky Ido). Shosanna plots her own revenge on the Nazis. The Basterds and Shosanna remain unaware of each other throughout the film.

Plot

The film opens in 1941 with Colonel Hans Landa (Christoph Waltz) of the Waffen-SS, the "Jew Hunter", interrogating Perrier LaPadite (Denis Menochet), a French dairy farmer, over rumors that he had been hiding a Jewish family. Landa manages to break down LaPadite and locates the hiding place of the Jews underneath the floorboards. He orders his soldiers to fire into the floorboards, killing all but the teenage Shosanna, who escapes.

Three years later, by 1944, Shosanna has assumed the identity of "Emmanuelle Mimieux". How she manages to do so is not revealed. She has also become the proprietress of a cinema, which is chosen by Frederick Zoller (Daniel Brühl), a spotlight-hungry sniper-turned-actor whose exploits are celebrated in the Nazi propaganda film, Stolz der Nation (A Nation's Pride), as the setting for the film premiere. He is attracted to Shosanna and convinces Goebbels to hold the premiere in her cinema. Shosanna does not reciprocate Zoller's feelings.

Shosanna realizes that the presence of so many high ranking Nazi officials and officers provides an excellent opportunity for revenge. She resolves to burn down her cinema using the massive quantities of flammable nitrate film in her storage rooms during the premiere and makes a fourth reel in which she tells the Nazis present of her Jewish identity and revenge.

In the meantime, the British have also learned of the Nazi leadership's plan to attend the premiere and their General Ed Fenech (Mike Myers) dispatches a British officer and Third Reich film expert, Lt. Archie Hicox (Michael Fassbender), to Paris to lead an attack on the cinema with the aid of the "Basterds" and a German double agent, an actress named Bridget von Hammersmark (Diane Kruger). Hammersmark arranges to meet Hicox and the Basterds in the basement of a French tavern. Unbeknown to her, however, the night of the rendezvous is also the occasion of a German staff sergeant (Alexander Fehling) celebrating the birth of his son with his soldier comrades. Some of the Germans notice that Hicox's accent is odd, and an SS officer (August Diehl) realizes the deception when Hicox gives the wrong three fingered order for whiskies (he fails to use his thumb, a traditional German gesture). A firefight breaks out, followed by a Mexican standoff, in which everyone in the tavern is killed except Hammersmark who is wounded in her left leg.

Aldo Raine (Brad Pitt), the commanding officer of the Basterds, interrogates Hammersmark and she reveals that Hitler himself has decided to attend the premiere. Raine decides to continue the operation against the cinema with Basterds Donny (Eli Roth) and Omar (Omar Doom) as suicide bombers, in the guise of Italians. Colonel Landa, now an SD officer, retrieves one of Hammersmark's shoes from the scene of the firefight at the tavern, along with an autographed napkin that Hammersmark had signed for the staff sergeant's son. He approaches Hammersmark and Raine in the cinema lobby and is able to easily see through their disguises, as they cannot speak German and speak very poor Italian, with Raine's especially heavily accented. Landa questions Hammersmark alone and makes her try on the shoe he had retrieved from the tavern. It is a perfect fit. He violently strangles her to death as a traitor, and orders the arrest of Raine.

It is in the closing stages of the film that Quentin Tarantino sets the quirks which show that the film is in a thoroughly alternative universe. Landa reveals himself to be a turncoat. He attempts to reach a deal with Raine's commanding officer (Harvey Keitel) via a two way radio in which he proposes to allow the assassination attempt against Hitler and the rest of the Nazi leadership to continue in return for safety, privileges, money, medals and a house for himself. He also reveals that he had planted Raine's dynamite bomb in Hitler's box at the cinema - meaning that there are now three attempts against Hitler's life.

Zoller, uncomfortable with the way he is portrayed killing Americans in Stolz der Nation, leaves the cinema auditorium and makes his way to the projectionist's room where Shosanna is setting up her attack. Marcel is waiting behind the cinema screen ready to set alight the film reels. Shosanna is unable to get rid of Zoller, who angrily confronts Shosanna about her behavior. She shoots him in the back, mortally wounding him. Afterwards, in an apparent moment of pity, realizing that Zoller is alive, she rolls him over and he in turn shoots her dead.

When the fourth reel of the film starts with Shosanna's speech to the Nazis assembled in the auditorium that she is a Jew and the audience is about to burn, Marcel sets the nitrate film alight, thus causing a pandemonium in the auditorium. Meanwhile, Donny and Omar, who had been seated amongst the Nazis in the auditorium, ambush Hitler's box and are able to gun down Hitler, Goebbels and the other Nazi leaders. As the cinema is engulfed in flames, Raine's men fire randomly into the crowd, who are attempting to flee. Escape is impossible, as Marcel had earlier locked and barred the auditorium doors. Additionally, the dynamite that Landa had planted in Hitler's box, as well as the dynamite strapped to the Basterds' legs, now goes off. The cinema is destroyed in the subsequent inferno, killing all inside.

Landa sets off with Raine towards the American lines in Normandy where he intends to turn himself in, as part of the deal he had made with Raine's commanding officer. At the American lines he surrenders to Raine and hands over his gun. Raine orders Landa to be handcuffed, then shoots Landa's driver dead; he is sure that Landa will try to hide or minimize his actions as a Nazi, and equally sure that his superiors will not do anything more than "chew him out" for what he will do. The film ends with Raine carving a deep swastika into Landa's forehead and declaring that it may just well be his "greatest masterpiece".

Cast

Eli Roth, Mélanie Laurent, and producer Lawrence Bender at a premiere for the film in August 2009

The Allies

The Basterds

  • Brad Pitt as 1st Lieutenant Aldo Raine aka "Aldo the Apache":[8] A fast-talking, thickly accented, vengeance-driven hillbilly from Maynardville, Tennessee, who puts together a team of eight Jewish American soldiers. He bears a rope burn on his neck, which is not mentioned in the film; the script hints that he might have survived a lynching. One of the film's main protagonists: the character has been described as "a voluble, freewheeling outlaw" similar to Jules Winnfield from Tarantino's Pulp Fiction.[9] His first appearance in the film is a subtle homage to George Carlin's The Indian Sergeant routine. The character's name is a tribute to the character actor Aldo Ray, who appeared as a tough soldier in many WWII films such as Battle Cry and What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?.
  • Eli Roth as Staff Sergeant Donny Donowitz aka "The Bear Jew":[10] A huge and obnoxious "baseball bat-swinging Nazi hunter" from Boston who is known as "The Bear Jew" among Nazis.[11] Some of them seem to fear that Donowitz is in fact, a vengeful golem, summoned by an angry rabbi. The role was originally conceived for Adam Sandler, who was in talks with Tarantino before declining due to schedule conflicts with the film Funny People.[citation needed] Roth also directed the film-within-a-film, Nation's Pride, which alludes to Nazi wartime propaganda films. According to Roth, the baseball bat he wields is signed by all the Jews from his neighborhood in Boston.
  • Til Schweiger as Hugo Stiglitz: A strange and quiet German-born psychopath, formerly a Feldwebel in the Wehrmacht before he killed 13 SS soldiers, whom Aldo recruits to kill other Nazis. The character's name is a tribute to the famous 70s B-movie mexploitation actor Hugo Stiglitz.[12]
  • Gedeon Burkhard as Corporal Wilhelm Wicki: An Austro-German Jew[13] who immigrated to the United States, becoming a citizen as the Third Reich established itself in Europe, and was subsequently drafted. Wicki acts as the Basterds' translator.
  • B. J. Novak as PFC Smithson Utivich aka "The Little Man"[14]: In an interview with Esquire magazine, Novak theorizes that PFC Utivich came from a family that named their son Smithson in an attempt to integrate themselves into the WASP-y mainstream and that signing up to fight the Nazis is his attempt to reclaim his Jewish heritage.
  • Omar Doom as PFC Omar Ulmer[15]: Tarantino, who has been friends with Doom since 1998[16] and encouraged him to become an actor,[16] called Doom just two weeks before shooting was scheduled to begin to cast him in the role.[17]
  • Samm Levine as PFC Gerold Hirschberg.[18]
  • Paul Rust as PFC Andy Kagan: A character Tarantino added in after meeting Rust.[19]
  • Michael Bacall as PFC Michael Zimmerman.
  • Carlos Fidel as PFC Simon Sakowitz.[20]

Other Americans

  • Bo Svenson as American Colonel: Quentin Tarantino said he gave Svenson a small cameo that will be hard to recognize. He is the colonel in Nation's Pride. He is seen briefly in the movie but can be seen more closely in the Nation's Pride trailer.
  • Harvey Keitel as the Basterds' commanding officer. The character is heard only over the radio in a call to Raine and Landa.

The British

The French

The German anti-Nazis

  • Diane Kruger as Bridget von Hammersmark: A popular film star in Nazi Germany and a spy for the Allies.[14]

The Nazis

Waltz at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival
  • Christoph Waltz as Standartenführer Hans Landa aka "The Jew Hunter". Landa is the central antagonist, a romantic, yet sinister pipe-smoking Nazi Waffen-SS-turned-SD officer so nicknamed in reference to his keen ability to locate Jews hiding throughout France.[14] He is a linguistic genius (it is obvious from the dialogue that he speaks perfect English, German, French and Italian) and a charming detective. Tarantino has remarked that this might be the greatest character he's ever written. Tarantino originally sought for Leonardo DiCaprio to be cast as Landa,[29] a poetic Nazi colonel targeted by the resistance.[9] The director then decided to have the character played by a German actor.[11] The role ultimately went to the Austrian Waltz, who, according to Tarantino, "gave me my movie back."[30]
  • Daniel Brühl as Gefreiter Fredrick Zoller: A young German Wehrmacht war hero starring in Joseph Goebbels' newest propaganda film entitled "Stolz der Nation" (actually directed by the Jewish Eli Roth).[25][31] Despite liking the attention his exploits have brought him, he is not exactly proud that his fame comes from killing hundreds of U.S. soldiers. He also shares an unrequited love for Shoshanna unaware of her heritage or her revenge plan. This character name shares similarities to producer Frederick Zollo, for whom Eli Roth was an intern while attending NYU.
  • August Diehl as Sturmbannführer Dieter Hellstrom: A uniformed Gestapo officer.[25]
  • Alexander Fehling as Wilhelm, a Nazi soldier celebrating the birth of his son at a French tavern.
  • Sönke Möhring as Gefreiter Butz,[25] a lone survivor of an attack by the Basterds.
  • Richard Sammel as Feldwebel Werner Rachtman.[25]
  • Sylvester Groth as Joseph Goebbels.[25]
  • Martin Wuttke as Adolf Hitler.[25]
  • Julie Dreyfus as Francesca Mondino: Joseph Goebbel's mistress, French interpreter and favourite actress to appear in his films.[32]
  • Ludger Pistor as Wolfgang:[25] A role Tarantino added specifically for him.
  • Enzo G. Castellari as Obergruppenführer: A nameless Nazi General, although strangely credited as "himself" in the film. Castellari had done a Nazi cameo in his own Inglorious Bastards and reprised the role in this movie as well, but under a different rank and SS organization.[33][34][35]

Other roles

Deleted characters

  • Cloris Leachman as Mrs. Himmelstein: An elderly Jewish woman living in Boston.[25] Although filmed, the scenes featuring Mrs. Himmelstein drinking tea with Donny Donowitz (and signing his trademark baseball bat afterwards) were cut from the final film. Tarantino says that he might use the footage in the prequel instead.
  • Maggie Cheung as Madame Ada Mimeux: Although her scenes were cut for length reasons,[36] Cheung played Madame Mimieux, a beautiful French woman who owned the cinema marquee in Paris where most of the movie is set.[37] In the final cut, the cinema is owned by Shosanna using the name "Mimieux" as her alias.

Development

Quentin Tarantino spent more than a decade writing the script because, as he told Charlie Rose in an interview, he became "too precious about the page," meaning the story kept growing and expanding. Tarantino viewed the script as his ultimate masterpiece in the making, so he felt it had to become the best thing he'd ever written. Tarantino described an early premise in October 2001: "[It's] my bunch-of-guys-on-a-mission film. [It's] my Dirty Dozen or Where Eagles Dare or Guns of Navarone kind of thing."[38] The premise had begun as a Western and evolved into a World War II version of The Good, the Bad and the Ugly set in Nazi-occupied France. The story changed to be about two maverick units from the United States Army that had "a habit of scalping Germans" before changing again.[39]

Actor Michael Madsen, who appeared in Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs and Kill Bill, was originally reported to star in the movie, then spelled Inglorious Bastards, which had been scheduled for release in 2004.[40] By 2002, Tarantino found Inglourious Basterds to be a bigger film than planned and saw that other directors were working on World War II films.[41] By this point, he had produced three nearly finished scripts, saying, "[It was] some of the best writing I've ever done. But I couldn't come up with an ending."[42] Consequently, the director held off his planned film and moved on to direct the two-part movie Kill Bill (2003–2004) with Uma Thurman in the lead role.[41]

After the completion of Kill Bill, Tarantino trimmed the length of the script, which was reportedly three films long, to 222 pages,[43] and planned to begin production of Inglourious Basterds late in 2005.[39] The revised premise focused on a group of soldiers who escape from their executions and embark on a mission to help the Allies. He described the men as "not your normal hero types that are thrown into a big deal in the Second World War".[44] He continued to describe the film as a spaghetti western set in Nazi-occupied France, specifically around the time of D-Day (June 6, 1944) and afterward.[45] . He explained his intent:

I'm going to find a place that actually resembles, in one way or another, the Spanish locales they had in spaghetti westerns – a no man's land. With American soldiers and French peasants and the French resistance and Nazi occupiers, it was kind of a no man's land. That will really be my spaghetti Western but with World War II iconography. But the thing is, I won't be period specific about the movie. I'm not just gonna play a lot of Édith Piaf and Andrews Sisters. I can have rap, and I can do whatever I want. It's about filling in the viscera.

[46]

The director described the scale of the project:

"It'll be epic and have my take of the sociological battlefield at that time with the racism and barbarism on all sides – the Nazi side, the American side, the black and Jewish soldiers and the French, because it all takes place in France."

In November 2004, the director decided to hold off production of Inglourious Basterds and instead film a kung fu movie entirely in Mandarin.[47] This project foundered to, and he ultimately directed a part of the 2007 Grindhouse instead, returning to work on what was now renamed Inglourious Basterds after finishing promotion for Grindhouse.[48]

Production

Tarantino teamed with The Weinstein Company to prepare what he planned to be his epic masterpiece for production.[49] In September 2007, The Irish Times reported the film's scheduled release for 2008, writing, "Inglourious Basterds, a war movie that may eventually resemble The Dirty Dozen merged with Cross of Iron, has been predicted more often than the second coming of the Lord."[50]

In July 2008, Tarantino and the Weinsteins set up an accelerated production schedule to be completed for release at the Cannes Film Festival in 2009. The Weinstein Company co-financed the film and distributed it in the United States.[51] The company signed a deal with Universal Pictures to finance the rest of the film and distribute it internationally.[52] Germany and France[53] were scheduled as filming locations.[54] Filming was scheduled to begin on October 13, 2008,[10] and shooting started that week.[4] Special Effects were handled by K.N.B. EFX Group with Greg Nicotero.[25] Much of the film was shot and edited primarily in the famous Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam, Germany, the oldest large-scale film studio in the world, and in Bad Schandau, a small village near the German border with the Czech Republic.[16]

Following the film's screening at Cannes, Tarantino stated that he would be re-editing the film in June before its ultimate theatrical release, allowing him time to finish assembling several scenes that weren't completed in time for the hurried Cannes premiere.[55]

Exhibition

After the final draft of the script was finished, it was leaked on the web. Several Tarantino fan sites began posting reviews and excerpts from the script.[56] Principal photography started mid-October 2008 on location in Germany.

The first trailer for the film, a teaser, premiered on Entertainment Tonight on February 10, 2009, and was shown in American theaters the following week attached to Friday the 13th. The trailer features excerpts of Lt. Aldo Raine talking to the rest of 'the basterds', informing them of the plan to kill, torture, and scalp Nazis, intercut with various other scenes from the movie. It also features the spaghetti-westernesque kickers Once Upon A Time In Nazi Occupied France (originally considered as a subtitle for the film) and A Basterd's Work is Never Done, a line not spoken in the final film.

The film was released on August 19 in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and the Republic of Ireland, two days earlier than the US release. Some European cinemas, however, showed previews starting on August 15.

Reception

Critical reviews have, on the whole, been very positive. The film currently holds an 88% 'fresh' rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus: "A classic Tarantino genre-blending thrill ride, Inglourious Basterds is violent, unrestrained, and thoroughly entertaining".

Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first 4/4 star review of 2009, stating, "With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction," and that it was "one hell of an enjoyable ride."[57] Roger Ebert also gave the film a four-star review, writing that "Quentin Tarantino’s “Inglourious Basterds” is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he’s the real thing, a director of quixotic delights." [58] Nick Jones of Palm Springs Guides, giving the film 5/5, started off his review with "Quentin Tarantino’s “Inglourious Basterds” is easily one of the most entertaining movies of the year." [59] Anne Thompson of Variety praised the film, but opined that it was not a masterpiece, claiming, "Inglourious Basterds is great fun to watch, but the movie isn't entirely engaging... You don't jump into the world of the film in a participatory way; you watch it from a distance, appreciating the references and the masterful mise-en-scene. This is a film that will benefit from a second viewing."[60]

Not all reviews have been positive. British critic Peter Bradshaw, who disparaged the film at its Cannes premiere,[61] reviewed it for The Guardian on its UK release and stated he was "struck afresh by how exasperatingly awful and transcendentally disappointing it is."[62] Author and critic Daniel Mendelsohn was disturbed by the portrayal of Jewish-American soldiers mimicking Nazi atrocities done to European Jews, stating, "In Inglourious Basterds, Tarantino indulges this taste for vengeful violence by—well, by turning Jews into Nazis."[63]

The reactions of critics at the Cannes premiere were mixed. The French newspaper Le Monde dismissed it, claiming, "Tarantino gets lost in a fictional World War II".[64] However, the movie received an eight to eleven minute standing ovation by the critics after its first screening at Cannes.[65][66] In particular, Christoph Waltz was singled out for Cannes honors, receiving the Best Leading Actor award at the end of the festival.[67] Movie critic Devin Faraci of Chud.com stated: "The cry has been raised long before this review, but let me continue it: Christoph Waltz needs not an Oscar nomination but rather an actual Oscar in his hands.... he must have gold."[68].

German censorship

The German publicity site by Universal Pictures has been censored as the display of Nazi iconography is illegal in Germany. The title has the German Swastika removed and the Stahlhelm helmet has a bullet hole instead of the Nazi symbol.[69] The download section of the German site has been revised to exclude wallpaper downloads that feature the Swastika openly.

Soundtrack

As is usual for a Quentin Tarantino film, the music used in the film is eclectic, but mostly consisting of music in the spaghetti-western genre. The soundtrack was released on August 18, 2009 and contains the following songs[70]:

No. Track Artist Original film
1 "The Green Leaves of Summer" Nick Perito The Alamo (1960)
2 "The Verdict" Ennio Morricone The Big Gundown
3 "White Lightning" Charles Bernstein White Lightning (1973)
4 "Slaughter" Billy Preston Slaughter
5 "The Surrender (La resa)" Ennio Morricone The Big Gundown
6 "One Silver Dollar (Un Dollaro Bucato)" Gianni Ferrio Blood for a Silver Dollar
7 "Davon Geht Die Welt Nicht Unter" Zarah Leander Die große Liebe
8 "The Man With The Big Sombrero" June Havoc Hi Diddle Diddle
9 "Ich Wollt Ich Wär Ein Huhn" Lilian Harvey & Willy Fritsch Glückskinder
10 "Main Theme From Dark of the Sun" Jacques Loussier Dark of the Sun
11 "Cat People (Putting Out Fire)" David Bowie Cat People (1982)
12 "Tiger Tank" Lalo Schifrin Kelly's Heroes
13 "Un Amico" Ennio Morricone Revolver (1973)
14 "Rabbia e Tarantella" Ennio Morricone Allonsanfàn

See also

  • Hitler - Dead or Alive – 1942 film about American gangsters from Alcatraz prison on a mission to kill Hitler.

References

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