Japanophilia
Japanophilia is an interest in, or love of, Japan and all things Japanese. (Its opposite is Japanophobia.) One who has such an interest or love is a Japanophile.[1] Various cultures and peoples have gone through various periods of Japanophilia, for various reasons, throughout history.
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Carl Peter Thunberg and Philipp Franz von Siebold, who stayed in the Dutch outpost of Dejima, helped introduce Japanese flora, artworks, and other objects to Europe. Some consider them to be among the earliest Japanophiles.[2][3] (This was before the Meiji Restoration in 1868, when Japan became more open to foreign trade.)
Lafcadio Hearn, an Irish-Greek author who made his home in Japan in the 19th century, was described to be "a confirmed Japanophile" by Charles E. Tuttle Company in their foreword to most of his books.[4]
In the first decade of the 20th century, British writers were lauding Japan. In 1904, for example, Beatrice Webb wrote that Japan was a "rising star of human self-control and enlightenment", praising the "innovating collectivism" of the Japanese, and the "uncanny" purposefulness and open-mindedness of its "enlightened professional elite". H. G. Wells similarly named the élite of his A Modern Utopia "samurai". In part this was a result of British industrial decline, with Japan and Germany rising at the same time. Germany was seen as a threat close to hand, but Japan was seen as an ally. The British sought efficiency as the solution, and after the publication of Alfred Stead's 1906 book Great Japan: A Study of National Efficiency, pundits in Britain looked to Japan for lessons. This interest ended with World War I.[5]
The United States went through a similar period of Japanophilia in the 1980s, anticipated in the 1960s by the writing of Peter Drucker, who pointed to the "consensual decision-making" in Japanese corporations and celebrated Japanese corporate management techniques (even claiming credit for giving this system to the Japanese via his books and seminars). During that period, American students took Japanese language classes with the hope of doing business with Japan. With the collapse of Japan's economic bubble at the end of the decade, this Japanophilia shifted to Sinophilia.[6][7][8]
A different form of Japanophilia has taken over in the United States with the turn of the 21st century, as Japan, despite the burst of its economic bubble, has become more of a cultural influence through the export of its creative goods. A surge of Japanophilia in youth across the globe has occurred that is a love of its fantasy creations, such as anime, manga, trading cards, and entertainment technology.
The term "Wapanese" has recently been coined to refer to the growing number of young, mostly white, North Americans, who are perceived as worshipping an idealized version of Japan based on what they see in anime and manga. This worship is often to the extent of comparing North America unfavorably to Japan and wanting to live in Japan, especially if the person in question has never visited Japan and is unfamiliar with Japanese attitudes towards foreigners. It is also seen by many as cultural appropriation based on a limited, superficial aspect of Japanese culture.
References
- ^ "Japanophile". Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster. 2002. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
one who especially admires and likes Japan or Japanese ways
- ^ William R. Johnston (1999). William and Henry Walters, the Reticent Collectors. JHU Press. p. 76. ISBN 0801860407.
- ^ Robin D. Gill (2004). Topsy-Turvy 1585. Paraverse Press. p. 25. ISBN 0974261815.
- ^ "Lafcadio Hearn, Heather Hale looks at the life of the noted writer", Japanfile, the Website of Kansai Time Out Magazine, 1990-09
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Bruce Cumings (1999). "Archaeology, Descent, Emergence: American Mythology and East Asian Reality". Parallax Visions: Making Sense of American-East Asian Relations. Duke University Press. p. 25. ISBN 0822329247.
- ^ Stephen P. Waring (1992). "Peter Drucker, MBO, and the Corporatist Critique of Scientific Management". A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management Since Taylor. Ohio State University Press. p. 218. ISBN 0814205674.
- ^ William A. Callahan (2004). "Defining Greater China". Contingent States: Greater China and Transnational Relations. U of Minnesota Press. p. 11. ISBN 0816644004.
- ^ Anne Allison (2006). "Enchanted Commodities". Millennial Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Imagination. University of California Press. pp. 5–6. ISBN 0520221486.