October 2
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October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 90 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
- 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.
- 1263 - The battle of Largs fought between Norwegians and Scots.
- 1535 - Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec.
- 1552 - Conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible.
- 1789 - George Washington transmits the proposed Constitutional amendments (the so-called "Bill of Rights") to the States for ratification.
- 1835 - The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
- 1851 - The pasilalinic-sympathetic compass is demonstrated but proves to be a fake.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Saltville - Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia, but are defeated by Confederate troops.
- 1889 - In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American Old West.
- 1919 - US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.
- 1924 - The Geneva Protocol is adopted as a means to strengthen the League of Nations.
- 1928 - The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, was founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá.
- 1935 - Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
- 1937 - Samuel R. Caldwell becomes the first person in the United States to be arrested on a marijuana charge.
- 1938 - Tiberias massacre: Arabs murder 20 Jews.
- 1941 - World War II: In Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.
- 1944 - World War II: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
- 1958 - Guinea declares itself independent from France.
- 1967 - Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of United States Supreme Court.
- 1968 - A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City ends in the Tlatelolco massacre.
- 1970 - A plane carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado killing 31 people.
- 1990 - A Chinese airline Boeing 737-247 is hijacked; after landing at Guangzhou, it crashes into two airliners on the ground, killing 132 people.
- 1992 - The Carandiru Massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil.
- 1996 - The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by former U.S. President Bill Clinton.
- 1996 - An AeroPerú Boeing 757 crashes in Pacific Ocean shortly after takeoff from Lima, Peru, killing 70.
- 2002 - The Beltway sniper attacks begin, extending over three weeks.
- 2004 - American Samoa joins the North American Numbering Plan.
- 2005 - Ethan Allen Boating Accident: The Ethan Allen tour boat capsizes on Lake George in Upstate New York, killing twenty people.
- 2005 - NFL plays first regular season game outside United States when the Arizona Cardinals defeat the San Francisco 49ers 31-14 in Mexico City, Mexico
- 2006 - Five school girls are murdered by Charles Carl Roberts in a shooting at an Amish school in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania before Roberts commits suicide.
Births
- 1452 - King Richard III of England (d. 1485)
- 1538 - Saint Charles Borromeo, Italian cardinal (d. 1584)
- 1644 - François-Timoléon de Choisy, French writer (d. 1724)
- 1722 - Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (d. 1776)
- 1737 - Francis Hopkinson, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1791)
- 1755 - Marie Antoinette,Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria,Marie Antoinette Queen of French and Navarre (d. 1793)
- 1768 - William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, British general and politician (d. 1854)
- 1798 - King Charles Albert of Sardinia (d. 1849)
- 1800 - Nat Turner, American leader of slave uprising (d. 1831)
- 1828 - Charles Floquet, French statesman (d. 1896)
- 1832 - Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (d. 1917)
- 1847 - Paul von Hindenburg, German officer and politician (d. 1934)
- 1851 - Ferdinand Foch, French soldier (d. 1929)
- 1852 - William Ramsay, Scottish chemist (d. 1916)
- 1869 - Mahatma Gandhi, Indian politician and spiritual leader. (d. 1948)
- 1871 - Cordell Hull, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1955)
- 1873 - Stephen Warfield Gambrill, U.S. Congressman for Maryland's 5th District (d. 1924)
- 1873 - Plum Warner, English cricketer (d. 1963)
- 1879 - Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955)
- 1882 - Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian military commander (d. 1945)
- 1890 - Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1977)
- 1895 - Bud Abbott, American comedian and actor (d. 1974)
- 1901 - Alice Prin, French singer and artist (d. 1953)
- 1902 - Leopold Figl, Austrian politician (d. 1965)
- 1904 - Graham Greene, British novelist (d. 1991)
- 1904 - Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India (d.1966)
- 1907 - Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Scottish chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1997)
- 1911 - Jack Finney, American author (d. 1995)
- 1913 - Karl Miller, German footballer (d. 1967)
- 1914 - Jack Parsons, American rocket scientist (d. 1952)
- 1914 - Bernarr Rainbow, historian of music education, organist, and choir master (d.1998)
- 1917 - Christian de Duve, English-born biologist, Nobel laureate
- 1917 - Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1921 - Albert Scott Crossfield, American test pilot (d. 2006)
- 1921 - Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
- 1926 - Jan Morris, English writer
- 1928 - George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (d. 1993)
- 1928 - Wolfhart Pannenberg, German theologian
- 1929 - Moses Gunn, African-American actor (d. 1993)
- 1930 - Dave Barrett, Premier of British Columbia
- 1932 - Maury Wills, American baseball player
- 1934 - Earl Wilson, American baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1935 - Omar Sivori, Argentine football player (d. 2005)
- 1936 - Dick Barnett, American basketball player
- 1937 - Johnnie L. Cochran Jr., American attorney (d. 2005)
- 1938 - Rex Reed, American movie critic and actor
- 1938 - Waheed Murad, Pakistani film actor and director (d. 1983)
- 1943 - Franklin Rosemont, American artist
- 1945 - Don McLean, American songwriter
- 1946 - Gen.Sonthi Boonyaratglin, President of Council for National Security and Commander-in-Chief of Royal Thai Army
- 1948 - Avery Brooks, American actor
- 1948 - Donna Karan, American fashion designer
- 1948 - Chris LeDoux, American musician and rodeo performer (d. 2005)
- 1949 - Richard Hell, American musician
- 1949 - Annie Leibovitz, American photographer
- 1950 - Persis Khambatta, Indian actress (d. 1998)
- 1950 - Michael Rutherford, English musician (Genesis)
- 1951 - Sting, English musician and actor
- 1951 - Romina Power, Italian singer
- 1952 - Wahed Wafa, Afghan singer
- 1955 - Lorraine Bracco, American actress
- 1955 - Phil Oakey, English singer (The Human League)
- 1960 - Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1960 - Robbie Nevil, American singer and songwriter
- 1964 - Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player
- 1966 - Rodney Anoa'i (Yokozuna), Samoan-American professional wrestler (d. 2000)
- 1967 - Frankie Fredericks, Namibian athlete
- 1967 - Bud Gaugh, American musician (Sublime)
- 1967 - Gillian Welch, American singer and songwriter
- 1968 - Victoria Derbyshire, British radio presenter
- 1968 - Jeff Martin, Canadian singer/songwriter
- 1968 - Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player
- 1968 - Glen Wesley, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1969 - Mitch English, American actor
- 1969 - Damon Gough, English singer
- 1970 - Colin Rivas, Galician artist
- 1970 - Kelly Ripa, American actress
- 1970 - Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress
- 1971 - James Root, American guitarist (Slipknot)
- 1971 - Tiffany, American singer
- 1972 - Tara Dawn Holland, Miss America 1997
- 1973 - Lene, Norwegian singer (Aqua)
- 1973 - Efren Ramirez, American actor
- 1973 - Scott Schoeneweis, American baseball player
- 1973 - Maria Wetterstrand, Swedish politician
- 1973 - Proof, American rapper (D12) (d. 2006)
- 1974 - Paul Teutul Jr., co-star of American Chopper
- 1974 - Sam Roberts, Canadian singer and songwriter
- 1974 - Simon Gregson, British actor
- 1974 - Mark Porter, New Zealand racing driver (d. 2006)
- 1976 - Mandisa, American singer
- 1976 - Jason Dodson, American political consultant and teacher of esotericism
- 1977 - Leon del Muerte, American guitarist
- 1978 - Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer
- 1979 - Francisco Fonseca, Mexican footballer
- 1979 - Maja Ivarsson, lead singer, The Sounds
- 1981 - Luke Wilkshire, Australian soccer player
- 1981 - Toro, Taiwanese singer
- 1982 - George Pettit, Canadian singer (Alexisonfire)
- 1986 - Camilla Belle, American actress
- 1987 - Dia Frampton, American singer (Meg & Dia)
- 1987 - Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player
- 1989 - George Francis Hotz, American Hacker, first iPhone hack
- 1990 - Dean Bouzanis, Australian soccer player
- 1993 - Tara Lynne Barr, American actress
Deaths
- 939 - Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
- 1559 - Jacquet of Mantua, French composer (b. 1483)
- 1626 - Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de Gondomar, Spanish diplomat (b. 1567)
- 1629 - Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1575)
- 1629 - Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (b. 1584)
- 1708 - Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
- 1724 - François-Timoléon de Choisy, French writer (b. 1644)
- 1746 - Josiah Burchett, English Secretary of the Admiralty
- 1764 - William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1775 - Chiyo-ni, Japanese poet (b. 1703)
- 1782 - Charles Lee, British and U.S. general (b. 1732)
- 1786 - Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, British admiral (b. 1725)
- 1803 - Samuel Adams, American revolutionary leader (b. 1722)
- 1804 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French automobile pioneer (b. 1725)
- 1817 - Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov, Russian naval commander and admiral (b. 1744)
- 1850 - Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
- 1853 - François Jean Dominique Arago, French mathematician (b. 1786)
- 1927 - Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
- 1938 - Alexandru Averescu, Romanian soldier and politician (b. 1859)
- 1947 - Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1878)
- 1962 - Boris Y. Bukreev, Russian mathematician (b. 1859)
- 1968 - Marcel Duchamp, French artist (b. 1887)
- 1971 - Bola de Nieve, Cuban singer, pianist, and songwriter (b. 1911)
- 1973 - Paul Hartman, American actor (b. 1904)
- 1973 - Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)
- 1974 - Vasily Shukshin, Russian writer, actor, screenwriter, and director (b. 1929)
- 1975 - Kumaraswami Kamaraj, Indian political leader, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (b. 1903)
- 1981 - Harry Golden, American journalist (b. 1902)
- 1981 - Hazel Scott, West Indian-born singer (b. 1920)
- 1985 - Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)
- 1987 - Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1915)
- 1987 - Madeleine Carroll, British-born actress (b. 1906)
- 1988 - Alec Issigonis, Greek-British car designer, developer of the Mini (b. 1906)
- 1994 - Harriet Hilliard Nelson, American actress (b. 1909)
- 1996 - Robert Bourassa, politician, premier of Quebec (b. 1933)
- 1998 - Gene Autry, American singer, actor, and entrepreneur (b. 1907)
- 1998 - Olivier Gendebien, Belgian racing driver (b. 1924)
- 1999 - Heinz G. Konsalik, German novelist (b. 1921)
- 2001 - Franz Biebl, German composer (b. 1906)
- 2002 - Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-born physicist and philosopher (b. 1911)
- 2003 - John T. Dunlop, U.S. Secretary of Labor (b. 1914)
- 2005 - Bert Eriksson, Belgian neo-Nazi (b. 1931)
- 2005 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian (b. 1918)
- 2005 - August Wilson, American playwright (b. 1945)
- 2006 - Helen Chenoweth-Hage, American politician (b. 1938)
- 2006 - Tamara Dobson, American actress (b. 1947)
- 2006 - Paul Halmos, Hungarian-born American mathematician (b. 1916)
Holidays and observances
- Yom Kippur (2006) (note: begins before sunset on October 1st)
- Roman festivals - First day of the Ludi Augustales to celebrate the recovery by emperor August of Roman standards from the Parthians
- Roman Catholic Church - Memorial of Guardian Angels, Leodegar
- Also see October 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Guinea - Independence Day (from France, 1958)
- India - Gandhi Jayanti (birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, 1869)
- French Republican Calendar - Pomme de terre (Potato) Day, eleventh day in the Month of Vendémiaire
- International Day of Non-Violence