1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections

California elections
3 seats
	Democratic gain Republican hold

1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections
All 224 seats in the United States House of Representatives; 113 seats needed for a majority
	House election results map. Red represents seats won by the Republicans and blue denotes those won by the Democrats.
Speaker before election; Schuyler Colfax; Republican	Elected Speaker ; Schuyler Colfax; Republican

The 1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1866, and September 6, 1867. They occurred during President Andrew Johnson's term just one year after the American Civil War ended when the Union defeated the Confederacy. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before or after the first session of the 40th United States Congress convened on March 4, 1867, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nebraska. Ten secessionist states still had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.

The 1866 elections were a decisive event in the early Reconstruction era, in which President Johnson faced off against the Radical Republicans in a bitter dispute over whether Reconstruction should be lenient or harsh toward the vanquished white South.

Most of the congressmen from the former Confederate states were either prevented from leaving the state or were arrested on the way to the capital. A Congress consisting of mostly Radical Republicans sat early in the Capitol and aside from the delegation from Tennessee who were allowed in, the few Southern Congressmen who arrived were not seated.

Background

Johnson, a War Democrat, had been elected Vice President in the 1864 presidential election as the running mate of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican. (The Republicans had chosen not to re-nominate Hannibal Hamlin for a second term as vice president).

Lincoln and Johnson ran together under the banner of the National Union Party, which brought together Republicans (with the exception of some hard-line abolitionist Radical Republicans who backed John C. Frémont, who eventually dropped out of the race after brokering a deal with Lincoln) and the War Democrats (the minority of Democrats who backed Lincoln's prosecution of the war, as opposed to the Peace Democrats, or Copperheads, who favored a negotiated settlement with the Confederates).

After the assassination of Lincoln, Johnson became president. He immediately became embroiled in a dispute with the Radical Republicans over the conditions of Reconstruction; Johnson favored a lenient Reconstruction, while Radical Republicans wanted to continue the military occupation of the South and force Southern states to give freedmen (the newly freed slaves) civil rights (and the right to vote).

Campaign and results

Johnson stumped the country in a public speaking tour known as the Swing Around the Circle; he generally supported Democrats but his speeches were poorly received.

The Republicans won in a landslide, capturing enough seats to override Johnson's vetoes. Only the border states of Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky voted for Democrats. Recently Reconstructed Tennessee sent a Republican delegation. The other 10 ex-Confederate states did not vote. As a percentage of the total number of seats available in the House of Representatives, the Republican majority attained in the election of 1866 has never been exceeded in any subsequent Congress. The Democratic Party was able to achieve similar success only in the political environment of the era of the Great Depression in the 1930s.

Election summaries

Seven secessionist states were readmitted during this Congress, filling 32 vacancies, but are not included in this table if they were not elected within 1866 through 1867.^[1]

↓
44	4	147
Democratic	^[f]	Republican

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic		Conservative		Republican		Others
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Oregon	At-large	June 4, 1866	1	0		0		1		0
Vermont	Districts	Sep 4, 1866	3	0		0		3		0
Maine	Districts	Sep 10, 1866	5	0		0		5		0
Indiana	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	11	3	1	0		8	1	0
Iowa	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	6	0		0		6		0
Nebraska	At-large	Oct 9, 1866	1	0		0		1		0
Ohio	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	19	2		0		17		0
Pennsylvania	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	24	6	3	0		18	3	0
West Virginia	Districts	Oct 25, 1866	3	0		0		3	3	0	3^[g]
Delaware	At-large	Nov 6, 1866 (Election Day)^[h]	1	1		0		0		0
Illinois	District + 1 at-large		14	3		0		11		0
Kansas	At-large		1	0		0		1		0
Maryland	Districts		5	3	1	1	1	1	1	0	3^[g]
Massachusetts	Districts		10	0		0		10		0
Michigan	Districts		6	0		0		6		0
Minnesota	Districts		2	0		0		2		0
Missouri	Districts		9	1		0		8		0
Nevada	At-large		1	0		0		1		0
New Jersey	Districts		5	2	1	0		3	1	0
New York	Districts		31	10	1	0		21^[e]	1	0
Wisconsin	Districts		6	1		0		5		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1867 beginning of Congress)
New Hampshire	Districts	Mar 12, 1867	3	0		0		3		0
Connecticut	Districts	Apr 1, 1867	4	3	3	0		1	3	0
Rhode Island	Districts	Apr 3, 1867	2	0		0		2		0
Kentucky	Districts	May 4, 1867	9^[i]	7	2	0		1	1	0	4^[j]
Tennessee	Districts	Aug 3, 1867	8	0		0		8	8	0	8^[k]
California	Districts	Sep 6, 1867	3	2	2	0		1	2	0
Secessionist states not yet readmitted
Alabama	Districts	—	6	0		0		0		0
Arkansas	Districts	—	3	0		0		0		0
Florida	At-large	—	1	0		0		0		0
Georgia	Districts	—	7	0		0		0		0
Louisiana	Districts	—	5	0		0		0		0
Mississippi	Districts	—	5	0		0		0		0
North Carolina	Districts	—	7	0		0		0		0
South Carolina	Districts	—	4	0		0		0		0
Texas	Districts	—	4	0		0		0		0
Virginia	Districts	—	8	0		0		0		0
Total^[b]			193^[l]	44 22.8%	4	1 0.5%	1	147^[e] 76.2%	12	0 0.0%	18^[m]

Popular vote

Republican			55.36%
Democratic			40.69%
Conservative			2.00%
Independent			1.76%
Others			0.19%

House seats

Republican			77.23%
Democratic			20.98%
Conservative			0.89%
Independent			0.89%

The party affiliations of the 4 Representatives elected in Texas's rejected elections are unknown.

Special elections

39th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 5	Lovell Rousseau	Unconditional Unionist	1865	Incumbent resigned July 21, 1866 following his assault of Josiah Grinnell. Incumbent re-elected September 15, 1866. Unconditional Unionist hold.	▌Y Lovell Rousseau (Unconditional Unionist) 99.0%^[2]
Kentucky 6	Green C. Smith	Unconditional Unionist	1861	Incumbent resigned July 13, 1866 to become Governor of Montana Territory. New member elected September 15, 1866. Democratic gain.	▌Y Andrew H. Ward (Democratic) 89.2% ▌R. R. Carpenter (Unknown) 10.8%^[3]
Kentucky 3	Henry Grider	Democratic	1861	Incumbent died September 7, 1866. New member elected October 6, 1866. Democratic hold.	▌Y Elijah Hise (Democratic) 74.3% ▌P. B. Hawkins (National Union) 25.7%^[4]
New York 3	James Humphrey	Republican	1864	Incumbent died June 16, 1866. New member elected November 6, 1866. Democratic gain.	▌Y John W. Hunter (Democratic) 54.4% ▌Simeon B. Chittenden (Republican) 45.6%^[5]

40th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 3	Elijah Hise	Democratic	1866 (special)	Incumbent died May 6, 1867. New member elected August 5, 1867. Democratic hold.	▌Y Jacob Golladay (Democratic) 76.6% ▌J. R. Curd (Republican) 13.6% ▌W. T. Jackman (Independent) 9.8%^[6]
Ohio 2	Rutherford B. Hayes	Republican	1864	Incumbent resigned July 20, 1867 to run for Governor of Ohio. New member elected October 8, 1867. Independent Republican gain.	▌Y Samuel F. Cary (Independent Republican) 52.1% ▌Richard Smith (Republican) 47.3% ▌ Charles Reemelin (Democratic) 0.6%^[7]
Pennsylvania 12	Charles Denison	Democratic	1862	Incumbent died June 27, 1867. New member elected October 8, 1867. Democratic hold.	▌Y George W. Woodward (Democratic) 51.2% ▌Winthrop W. Ketcham (Republican) 48.8%^[8]
Missouri 3	Thomas E. Noell	Democratic	1864	Incumbent died October 3, 1867. New member elected November 5, 1867. Democratic hold.	▌Y James R. McCormick (Democratic) 52.7% ▌James H. Chase (Republican) 47.3%^[9]
New York 21	Roscoe Conkling	Republican	1864	Incumbent resigned March 3, 1867 when elected U.S. senator. New member elected November 5, 1867. Republican hold.	▌Y Alexander H. Bailey (Republican) 51.5% ▌John Stryker (Democratic) 48.5%^[10]

California

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Donald C. McRuer	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Samuel Beach Axtell (Democratic) 57.3% ▌Timothy Guy Phelps (Republican) 42.7%
California 2	William Higby	Republican	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Higby (Republican) 52.1% ▌James W. Coffrot (Democratic) 47.9%
California 3	John Bidwell	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y James A. Johnson (Democratic) 50.6% ▌Chancellor Hartson (Republican) 49.4%

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[11]
Connecticut 1	Henry C. Deming	Republican	1863	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Richard D. Hubbard (Democratic) 51.1% ▌Henry C. Deming (Republican) 48.9%
Connecticut 2	Samuel L. Warner	Republican	1861	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Julius Hotchkiss (Democratic) 53.2% ▌Cyrus Northrop (Republican) 47.6%
Connecticut 3	Augustus Brandegee	Republican	1863	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry H. Starkweather (Republican) 55.4% ▌Earl Martin (Democratic) 44.6%
Connecticut 4	John Henry Hubbard	Republican	1863	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain.	▌Y William Barnum (Democratic) 51.9% ▌P. T. Barnum (Republican) 48.0%

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Thomas D. Eliot	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas D. Eliot (Republican) 84.17% ▌Matthias Elias (Democratic) 15.83%
Massachusetts 2	Oakes Ames	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Oakes Ames (Republican) 79.60% ▌Abijah M. Ide (Democratic) 20.40%
Massachusetts 3	Alexander H. Rice	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Ginery Twichell (Republican) 66.51% ▌William Henry Aspinwall (Democratic) 28.43% ▌P. R. Quincy (Workingman) 5.06%
Massachusetts 4	Samuel Hooper	Republican	1861 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel Hooper (Republican) 71.29% ▌Joseph M. Wightman (Democratic) 28.71%
Massachusetts 5	John B. Alley	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Benjamin Butler (Republican) 76.07% ▌William D. Northend (Democratic) 23.93%
Massachusetts 6	Nathaniel P. Banks	Republican	1865 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Nathaniel P. Banks (Republican) 74.96% ▌Frederick O. Prince (Democratic) 25.04%
Massachusetts 7	George S. Boutwell	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George S. Boutwell (Republican) 77.34% ▌Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 22.66%
Massachusetts 8	John D. Baldwin	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John D. Baldwin (Republican) 82.62% ▌William A. Williams (Democratic) 17.38%
Massachusetts 9	William B. Washburn	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William B. Washburn (Republican) 87.06% ▌Levi Haywood (Democratic) 12.94%
Massachusetts 10	Henry L. Dawes	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry L. Dawes (Republican) 66.00% ▌Abijah W. Chapin (Democratic) 34.00%

Michigan

Minnesota

Missouri

Montana Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska

There were two elections in the new state of Nebraska in 1866: on June 6 for the remainder of the current term, and October 9 for the next term.

39th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nebraska at-large	New state			New seat. Republican gain. New member seated March 2, 1867.	▌Y Turner M. Marquett (Republican) 50.84% ▌John R. Brooke (Democratic) 49.16%^[12]

40th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nebraska at-large	Turner M. Marquett	Republican	1866	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y John Taffe (Republican) 54.02% ▌Algernon Paddock (Democratic) 45.64%^[13]

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

Ohio

Democrats gained one seat this election in Ohio. It was later contested and awarded to the Republican for a net gain of zero.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[14]
Ohio 1	Benjamin Eggleston	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin Eggleston (Republican) 52.3% ▌George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 47.7%
Ohio 2	Rutherford B. Hayes	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) 56.2% ▌Theodore Cook (Democratic) 43.8%
Ohio 3	Robert C. Schenck	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert C. Schenck (Republican) 51.8% ▌Durbin Ward (Democratic) 48.2%
Ohio 4	William Lawrence	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Lawrence (Republican) 54.6% ▌John F. McKinney (Democratic) 45.4%
Ohio 5	Francis C. Le Blond	Democratic	1862	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y William Mungen (Democratic) 55.4% ▌Moses B. Walker (Republican) 44.6%
Ohio 6	Reader W. Clarke	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Reader W. Clarke (Republican) 53.0% ▌William Howard (Democratic) 47.0%
Ohio 7	Samuel Shellabarger	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 54.3% ▌Thomas Miller (Democratic) 45.7%
Ohio 8	James Randolph Hubbell	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Cornelius S. Hamilton (Republican) 54.3% ▌William P. Reid (Democratic) 45.7%
Ohio 9	Ralph P. Buckland	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ralph P. Buckland (Republican) 52.2% ▌Thomas P. Finefrock (Democratic) 47.8%
Ohio 10	James M. Ashley	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James M. Ashley (Republican) 53.4% ▌Henry S. Commager (Democratic) 46.6%
Ohio 11	Hezekiah S. Bundy	Republican	1864	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y John T. Wilson (Republican) 56.2% ▌Oscar F. Moore (Democratic) 43.8%
Ohio 12	William E. Finck	Democratic	1862	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Philadelph Van Trump (Democratic) 56.2% ▌Wells S. Jones (Republican) 43.8%
Ohio 13	Columbus Delano	Republican	1864	Incumbent lost re-election Democratic gain.^[n]	▌Y George W. Morgan (Democratic) 50.5%^[n] ▌Columbus Delano (Republican) 49.5%^[n]
Ohio 14	Martin Welker	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Martin Welker (Republican) 53.4% ▌James B. Young (Democratic) 46.6%
Ohio 15	Tobias A. Plants	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Tobias A. Plants (Republican) 54.5% ▌Martin Dewey Follett (Democratic) 45.6%
Ohio 16	John Bingham	Republican	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Bingham (Republican) 52.8% ▌Charles H. Mitchner (Democratic) 47.2%
Ohio 17	Ephraim R. Eckley	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ephraim R. Eckley (Republican) 60.0% ▌Louis Schaefer (Democratic) 40.0%
Ohio 18	Rufus P. Spalding	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Rufus P. Spalding (Republican) 64.4% ▌Oliver Payne (Democratic) 35.6%
Ohio 19	James A. Garfield	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Garfield (Republican) 71.3% ▌David C. Coolman (Democratic) 28.7%

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 1, 1867.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	Nathaniel G. Taylor	Unionist	1865	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Roderick R. Butler (Republican) 86.82% ▌James White (Conservative) 12.85% ▌James Powell (Republican) 0.33%^[15]
Tennessee 2	Horace Maynard	Unionist	1865	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain.	▌Y Horace Maynard (Republican) 78.83% ▌John Williams (Conservative) 21.17%^[16]
Tennessee 3	William B. Stokes	Unionist	1865	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain.	▌Y William B. Stokes (Republican) 83.25% ▌Eli G. Fleming (Conservative) 16.75%^[17]
Tennessee 4	Edmund Cooper	Unionist	1865	Incumbent lost re-election as a Conservative. Republican gain.	▌Y James Mullins (Republican) 51.85% ▌Edmund Cooper (Conservative) 25.42%^[18]
Tennessee 5	William B. Campbell	Unionist	1865	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y John Trimble (Republican) 72.09% ▌Balie Peyton (Conservative) 24.37% ▌D. H. Mason (Independent Republican) 3.54%^[19]
Tennessee 6	Samuel M. Arnell	Unionist	1865	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain.	▌Y Samuel M. Arnell (Republican) 77.79% ▌Dorsey B. Thomas (Conservative) 22.21%^[20]
Tennessee 7	Isaac R. Hawkins	Unionist	1865	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain.	▌Y Isaac R. Hawkins (Republican) 83.60% ▌William P. Coldwell (Conservative) 16.40%^[21]
Tennessee 8	John W. Leftwich	Unionist	1865	Incumbent lost re-election as a Conservative. Republican gain.	▌Y David A. Nunn (Republican) 59.41% ▌John W. Leftwich (Conservative) 40.59%^[22]

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[23]
Vermont 1	Frederick E. Woodbridge	Republican	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frederick E. Woodbridge (Republican) 72.8% ▌Samuel Wells (Democratic) 27.1%
Vermont 2	Justin S. Morrill	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Luke P. Poland (Republican) 72.2% ▌Charles M. Chase (Democratic) 26.2% Others ▌Peter T. Washburn (Republican) 0.4% ▌Hampden Cutts (Unknown) 0.3% ▌Julius Converse (Republican) 0.3% ▌D. C. Denison (Republican) 0.2%
Vermont 3	Portus Baxter	Republican	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican hold.	First ballot ▌Portus Baxter (Republican) 46.8% ▌Romeo H. Hoyt (Republican) 28.8% ▌Waldo Brigham (Democratic) 21.7% ▌J. S. Adams (Republican) 1.0% ▌J. H. Woodward (Republican) 0.6% ▌O. G. Wheeler (Republican) 0.5% Second ballot ▌Y Worthington C. Smith (Republican) 50.9% ▌Asa O. Aldis (Republican) 24.8% ▌Waldo Brigham (Democratic) 23.8% ▌Portus Baxter (Republican) 0.2%

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Chester D. Hubbard	Unconditional Unionist	1864	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain.	▌Y Chester D. Hubbard (Republican) 54.83% ▌D. D. Johnson (Democratic) 45.17%^[24]
West Virginia 2	George R. Latham	Unconditional Unionist	1864	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Bethuel Kitchen (Republican) 61.30% ▌E. W. Andrews (Democratic) 38.35% ▌Daniel Polsley (Republican) 0.35%^[25]
West Virginia 3	Kellian Whaley	Unconditional Unionist	1863	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Daniel Polsley (Republican) 58.77% ▌John H. Oley (Democratic) 41.23%^[26]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1866.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[27]
Wisconsin 1	Halbert E. Paine	National Union	1864	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.	▌Y Halbert E. Paine (Republican) 58.8% ▌James S. Brown (Democratic) 41.2%
Wisconsin 2	Ithamar Sloan	National Union	1862	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Benjamin F. Hopkins (Republican) 61.5% ▌John J. Pease (Democratic) 38.5%
Wisconsin 3	Amasa Cobb	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.	▌Y Amasa Cobb (Republican) 62.9% ▌Noah Virgin (Democratic) 37.1%
Wisconsin 4	Charles A. Eldredge	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles A. Eldredge (Democratic) 56.6% ▌Orin Hatch (Republican) 43.4%
Wisconsin 5	Philetus Sawyer	National Union	1864	Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.	▌Y Philetus Sawyer (Republican) 60.5% ▌Morgan Lewis Martin (Democratic) 39.5%
Wisconsin 6	Walter D. McIndoe	National Union	1862 (special)	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Cadwallader C. Washburn (Republican) 66.4% ▌Gilbert L. Park (Democratic) 33.6%

Non-voting delegates

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Colorado Territory at-large
Dakota Territory at-large
Idaho Territory at-large	Edward D. Holbrook	Democratic	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edward D. Holbrook (Democratic) 55.45% ▌J. M. Kirkpatrick (Republican) 44.55%^[28]
Montana Territory at-large	Samuel McLean	Democratic	1864	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y James M. Cavanaugh (Democratic) 54.95% ▌Wilbur F. Sanders (Republican) 45.05%^[29]
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large

Notes

^ Excludes states readmitted after the start of Congress.
^ ^a ^b Including late elections.
^ Represents the results of the National Union coalition in the last election cycle.
^ In comparison to the vote for the National Union coalition in the last election cycle.
^ ^a ^b ^c Includes 1 Independent Republican, Lewis Selye, and 1 Conservative Republican, Thomas E. Stewart.
^ Conservatives in Virginia took 4 seats
^ ^a ^b Previous election had 3 Unionists.
^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
^ One seat remained vacant throughout the 40th Congress.
^ Previous election had 4 Unionists.
^ 8 Unionists in previous election.
^ 50 vacancies from secessionist states
^ Previous election had 18 Unionists.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgan (Democratic) was initially seated (and thus is counted towards the party totals at this article), but the election was contested and the seat was subsequently awarded to Delano (Republican) during the 40th Congress's second session.

References

^ Martis, pp. 120–121; Dubin, p. 209.
^ "KY - District 05 - Special Election Race - Sep 15, 1866". Our Campaigns. March 1, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "KY - District 06 - Special Election Race - Sep 15, 1866". Our Campaigns. March 2, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "KY - District 03 Special Election Race - Oct 06, 1866". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "NY District 3 - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1866". Our Campaigns. March 12, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "KY - District 03 Special Election Race - Aug 05, 1867". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "OH District 02 - Special Election Race - Oct 08, 1867". Our Campaigns. April 16, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "PA District 12 - Special Election Race - Oct 08, 1867". Our Campaigns. January 17, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "MO District 3 - Special Election Race - Nov 05, 1867". Our Campaigns. November 24, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "NY District 21 - Special Election Race - Nov 05, 1867". Our Campaigns. February 20, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Jun 02, 1866".
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 09, 1866".
^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 228, 229.
^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
^ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
^ "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 05, 1867". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

Beale, Howard K. (1930). The Critical Year.
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
▌McPherson, Edward (1875). The Political History of the United States of America During the Period of Reconstruction. Solomons & Chapman. mcpherson period of reconstruction., large collection of speeches and primary documents, 1865–1870, complete text online (the copyright has expired)
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
Riddleberger, Patrick W. (1979). 1866, the critical year revisited.
Trefousse, Hans L. (1989). Andrew Johnson: A Biography.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

[1] Excludes states readmitted after the start of Congress.

[late-2] Including late elections.

[National_Union-3] Represents the results of the National Union coalition in the last election cycle.

[National_Union_Swing-4] In comparison to the vote for the National Union coalition in the last election cycle.

[Rs-5] Includes 1 Independent Republican, Lewis Selye, and 1 Conservative Republican, Thomas E. Stewart.

[7] Conservatives in Virginia took 4 seats

[3U-8] Previous election had 3 Unionists.

[9] In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.

[1V-10] One seat remained vacant throughout the 40th Congress.

[11] Previous election had 4 Unionists.

[12] 8 Unionists in previous election.

[13] 50 vacancies from secessionist states

[14] Previous election had 18 Unionists.

[OH-13-28] Morgan (Democratic) was initially seated (and thus is counted towards the party totals at this article), but the election was contested and the seat was subsequently awarded to Delano (Republican) during the 40th Congress's second session.

[6] Martis, pp. 120–121; Dubin, p. 209.

[15] "KY - District 05 - Special Election Race - Sep 15, 1866". Our Campaigns. March 1, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[16] "KY - District 06 - Special Election Race - Sep 15, 1866". Our Campaigns. March 2, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[17] "KY - District 03 Special Election Race - Oct 06, 1866". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[18] "NY District 3 - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1866". Our Campaigns. March 12, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[19] "KY - District 03 Special Election Race - Aug 05, 1867". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[20] "OH District 02 - Special Election Race - Oct 08, 1867". Our Campaigns. April 16, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[21] "PA District 12 - Special Election Race - Oct 08, 1867". Our Campaigns. January 17, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[22] "MO District 3 - Special Election Race - Nov 05, 1867". Our Campaigns. November 24, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[23] "NY District 21 - Special Election Race - Nov 05, 1867". Our Campaigns. February 20, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[24] "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.

[25] "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Jun 02, 1866".

[26] "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 09, 1866".

[27] Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 228, 229.

[29] "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[30] "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[31] "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[32] "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[33] "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[34] "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[35] "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[36] "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

[37] "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.

[38] "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.

[39] "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.

[40] "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.

[41] "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.

[42] "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.

[MT1864-43] "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 05, 1867". www.ourcampaigns.com.

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v t e Andrew Johnson
17th President of the United States (1865–1869) 16th Vice President of the United States (1865) Senator from Tennessee (1857–1862, 1875) 15th Governor of Tennessee (1853–1857, 1862–1865)
Pre-presidency	Homestead Acts Southern Unionist War Democrat 1864 U.S. presidential election 1864 National Union Convention Drunk vice-presidential inaugural address Kirkwood House
Presidency	Inauguration of Andrew Johnson Foreign policy Judicial appointments Reconstruction era Pardons for ex-Confederates State of the Union, 1865 1866 1867 1868 Colorado Territory Alaska Purchase Reconstruction Acts Judicial Circuits Act Civil Rights Act of 1866 Southern Homestead Act of 1866 Tenure of Office Act Command of Army Act Vetoes Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Trial First impeachment inquiry Second impeachment inquiry Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson 1868 impeachment managers investigation Politics: National Union Party 1866 National Union Convention Swing Around the Circle 1866 & 1867 U.S. House elections 1868 Democratic Convention
Public image	Andrew Johnson National Cemetery Andrew Johnson National Historic Site President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library Andy's Trip (1866) Southern Justice (1867) Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum (1867) Tennessee Johnson (1942)
Family	Eliza McCardle Johnson (wife) Martha Johnson Patterson (daughter) David T. Patterson (son-in-law) Charles Johnson (son) Mary Johnson Stover (daughter) Daniel Stover (son-in-law) Robert Johnson (son) Frank Johnson (son)
Slaves	Andrew Johnson and slavery Henry Brown Elizabeth J. Forby Dolly Johnson Henry Johnson Sam Johnson William A. Johnson Florence J. Smith
Related	Bibliography of Andrew Johnson Alcoholism debate Mrs. Harold Ledger-removal allegation Buell Commission records Treason must be made odious
← Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant → ← Hannibal Hamlin Schuyler Colfax → Category

Background

Campaign and results

Election summaries

Special elections

39th Congress

40th Congress

California

Colorado Territory

Connecticut

Dakota Territory

Delaware

Idaho Territory

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Missouri

Montana Territory

Nebraska

39th Congress

40th Congress

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

New York

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Tennessee

Utah Territory

Vermont

Washington Territory

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Non-voting delegates

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links