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Battle of Pine Bluff

Coordinates: 34°13′47″N 92°00′12″W / 34.22972°N 92.00333°W / 34.22972; -92.00333
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Battle of Pine Bluff
Part of the American Civil War
DateOctober 25, 1863 (161 years ago) (1863-10-25)
Location
Jefferson County, Arkansas
34°13′47″N 92°00′12″W / 34.22972°N 92.00333°W / 34.22972; -92.00333
Result Union victory
Belligerents
 United States (Union)  Confederate States
Commanders and leaders
United States Powell Clayton Confederate States of America John S. Marmaduke
Units involved
Post of Pine Bluff Marmaduke's Division
Strength
550 cavalry and militia,
300 freedmen,
9 guns		 2,000 cavalry,
12 guns
Casualties and losses
16 dead and 40 wounded or missing 41 dead, wounded or missing
Pine Bluff is located in Arkansas
Pine Bluff
Pine Bluff
class=notpageimage|
Location in Arkansas

The Battle of Pine Bluff, also known as the Action at Pine Bluff, was an engagement fought on October 25, 1863, in Jefferson County, Arkansas during the American Civil War. The Post of Pine Bluff, a U.S. garrison commanded by Colonel Powell Clayton, successfully defended the town against attacks led by Confederate Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke's cavalry division. Much of the fighting took place near Jefferson Court-House, which the Confederates tried unsuccessfully to set ablaze. The Union victory ensured Pine Bluff was occupied by U.S. forces until the end of the war.[1]

Background

Map of Pine Bluff Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program.

After the capture of Little Rock on September 10, 1863, Union forces occupied several towns along the Arkansas. Confederate Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke, commanding a cavalry division, decided to test their strength at Pine Bluff. On Sunday, October 25, Marmaduke attacked the Post of Pine Bluff, a U.S. garrison commanded by Colonel Powell Clayton of the 5th Kansas Cavalry.[1]

Battle

At 8 a.m., Marmaduke's 2,000 Confederate cavalry approached Pine Bluff from three sides. The 550 Federal cavalrymen and Missouri militia, supported by 300 freedmen, barricaded the court-house square with cotton-bales and positioned the cannon to command the adjacent streets. Marmaduke's Division made several attacks upon the square, then attempted to set the county courthouse on fire. They were unsuccessful and withdrew to Princeton, Arkansas.[1][2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c The Conservation Fund (1998). Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.). The Civil War Battlefield Guide (2nd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 233. ISBN 0-395-74012-6. OCLC 917572471. OL 3494237W.
  2. ^ Banasik, Michael E., ed. (2000). "Appendix F: The Battle of Pine Bluff (October 25, 1863)". Reluctant Connoneer: The Diary of Robert T. McMahan of the Twenty-fifth Independent Ohio Light Artillery. Unwritten Chapters of the Civil War West of the River. Vol. II. Iowa City, Iowa: Camp Pope Bookshop. pp. 309–314. ISBN 1-929919-01-8. LCCN 00-105377. OCLC 45105391. OL 6798910M.

Further reading

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