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SMS G42

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SMS G42 (left) being rammed by HMS Broke in the English Channel on 20 April 1917
History
German Empire
Ordered1914 Peacetime order
BuilderGermaniawerft, Kiel, Germany
Launched20 May 1915
Commissioned10 November 1915
FateSunk by HMS Broke, 21 April 1917
General characteristics
Class and typeV25-class torpedo boat
Displacement1,147 t (1,129 long tons) deep load
Length83.0 m (272 ft 4 in) long oa
Beam8.4 m (27 ft 7 in)
Draft3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)
Propulsion
Speed33.5 kn (62.0 km/h; 38.6 mph)
Range1,950 nmi (3,610 km; 2,240 mi) ay
Complement87 officers and sailors
Armament

SMS G42 was a 1913 Type Large Torpedo Boat (Großes Torpedoboot) of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I, and the 18th ship of her class.

Construction

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Built by Germaniawerft in Kiel, she was laid down in February 1915,[citation needed] launched on 20 May 1915 and commissioned on 10 November 1915.[1] The "G" in G42 refers to the shipyard at which she was constructed.[2]

G42 was 83.0 metres (272 ft 4 in) long overall and 82.2 metres (269 ft 8 in) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 8.4 metres (27 ft 7 in) and a draft of 3.4 metres (11 ft 2 in).[3] Displacement was 960 tonnes (940 long tons) normal and 1,147 tonnes (1,129 long tons) deep load.[4] Three oil-fired water-tube boilers fed steam to 2 sets of AEG-Vulcan steam turbines rated at 24,000 metric horsepower (24,000 shp; 18,000 kW), giving a speed of 33.5 knots (62.0 km/h; 38.6 mph). 326 tonnes (321 long tons) of fuel oil was carried, giving a range of 1,950 nautical miles (3,610 km; 2,240 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph).[3]

Armament originally consisted of three 8.8 cm SK L/45 naval guns in single mounts, together with six 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes with two fixed single tubes forward and 2 twin mounts aft. Up to 24 mines could be carried. In 1916 the 8.8 cm guns were replaced by three 10.5 cm SK L/45 naval guns.[3][4] The ship had a complement of 87 officers and men.[3]

Service

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G42 was a member of the Third Torpedo Boat Flotilla, Sixth Half-Flotilla of the High Seas Fleet at the Battle of Jutland.[5] The 3rd Flotilla launched an unsuccessful torpedo attack against British Battlecruisers at about 18:37, and after turning away, exchanged fire with the crippled British destroyer HMS Shark. The British destroyer managed to immobilize the German destroyer V48 in this exchange before being sunk by a German torpedo. G42 attempted to take V48 under tow, but heavy shellfire from the battleships Colossus and Collingwood aborted the attempt, driving off G42. While G42 was not hit by British shells, near-misses caused condenser leaks.[6] G42 then joined the destroyer screen for the damaged Lützow, making smoke to help screen the battlecruiser.[7]

On 23 October 1916, the Third and Ninth Torpedo Boat Flotillas left Germany for Zeebrugge in Belgium in order to reinforce the German naval forces based in Flanders, and to assist German U-boats in their attacks on Allied shipping. G42 remained part of the Sixth Half-Flotilla of the Third Flotilla.[8] The Sixth Half-Flotilla took part in a large scale raid into the English Channel on the night of 26/27 October 1916, hoping to attack the drifters watching the anti-submarine nets of the Dover Barrage, and to sink Allied shipping in the Channel. The Sixth Half Flotilla sank the British destroyer Flirt, which had stopped to rescue survivors of a drifter that had been hit in an earlier attack, before returning to base.[9] The Third Torpedo Boat Flotilla returned to Germany in November that year.[10]

The Third Flotilla returned to Zeebrugge on 24 March 1917,[11] and together with the other torpedo boat Flotillas based in Flanders, took part in unsuccessful sorties into the English Channel on 10, 13 and 18 April.[12] The Germans tried again on the night of 20/21 April 1917, in the Battle of Dover Strait, splitting their force into three groups. One, Gruppe Gautier, consisting of G42, G85, S53, V71, V73 and V81 was to attack the Dover Barrage and attack Dover, while the second, Gruppe Albrecht, also consisting of six torpedo boats, was to attack the Barrage and Calais, while the third force of three torpedo boats, Gruppe Zander was tasked with attacking shipping in The Downs.[12][13] At about 23:30 hr on 20 April Gruppe Gautier encountered the trawler Sabreur and attacked with gunfire, scoring two hits. While the Germans believed that they had sunk the trawler, Sabreur managed to escape. Gruppe Gautier then shelled Dover and was fired on in response by British coastal artillery. It then moved off down the Channel to attack the Dover Barrage, but encountered the British Flotilla Leaders Broke and Swift. G42, commanded by Bernd von Arnim, was rammed by Broke. Both ships were heavily damaged in the collision, and were entangled together for a short time. While the ships were entangled, close-quarters battle broke out between the two crews until Broke disengaged. G42 sank with 36 sailors killed in action. G85, torpedoed by Swift, was also sunk in this action.[14][15][16]

References

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  1. ^ Gröner 1983, p. 54.
  2. ^ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 164.
  3. ^ a b c d Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 168.
  4. ^ a b Gröner 1983, p. 53.
  5. ^ Campbell 1998, p. 25.
  6. ^ Campbell 1998, pp. 161–162, 205.
  7. ^ Campbell 1998, p. 209.
  8. ^ Newbolt 1928, p. 52.
  9. ^ Newbolt 1928, pp. 55–57, 61.
  10. ^ Newbolt 1928, p. 66.
  11. ^ Karau 2014, p. 122.
  12. ^ a b Karau 2014, p. 124.
  13. ^ Newbolt 1928, pp. 372–373.
  14. ^ Newbolt 1928, pp. 374–378.
  15. ^ Karau 2015, p. 125.
  16. ^ "G-42 [+1917]". Wreck Site. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  • Campbell, John (1998). Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-750-3.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6.
  • Karau, Mark K. (2014). The Naval Flank of the Western Front: The German MarineKorps Flandern 1914–1918. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-231-8.
  • Newbolt, Henry (1928). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Vol. IV. London: Longmans Green. OCLC 220475138.
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