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List of invasive species in Europe

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See also: Invasive species in the British Isles and List of invasive species in Portugal

This is a list of invasive species in Europe. A species is regarded as invasive if it has become introduced to a location, area, or region where it did not previously occur naturally (i.e., is not a native species) and becomes capable of establishing a breeding population in the new location. An invasive species will be one that thrives in its new environment and negatively influences the ecology and biodiversity of that ecosystem. Negative effects can also affect humans, by compromising health (e.g. vectors of diseases) or socioeconomic systems (e.g. damages to agriculture or forestry).

The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species. If a species has been introduced but remains local, and is not problematic to human systems or to the local biodiversity, then it does not belong on this list.

Plants

Algae

Animals

Bryozoans

Cnidarians

Ctenophores

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Insects

Chordates

Ascidians

Amphibians

Birds

Fish

Mammals

Reptiles

Molluscs

Marine

The veined rapa whelk, Rapana venosa
A shell of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha

Freshwater

Annelids

Nematodes

Platyhelminthes

Fungi

European priorities

Different initiatives have been promoted in order to prioritize species among this long (and ongoing) list. Some examples are:

See also

References

  1. ^ Ministry of Agriculture, Nourishing and Environment of Spain. Retrieved on 2017-04-20
  2. ^ Ailanthus altissima distribution in Europe Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern, European Commission. Retrieved on 1 May 2018
  4. ^ EPPO List of invasive alien plants Archived 2010-04-17 at the Wayback Machine. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  5. ^ Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  6. ^ Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Gyűjtő Zsolt SAPIENTIA Hungarian University of Transilvania Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Cluj-Napoca. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
  7. ^ Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  8. ^ Alien range of Carpobrotus edulis. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  9. ^ Invasive Species Compendium. "Clematis vitalba". Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  10. ^ "Herba de la pampa".
  11. ^ Most Unwanted: New Zealand pigmyweed Archived 2009-04-08 at the Wayback Machine. Invasive Species Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  12. ^ Barrat-Segretain, M. 2001. [Invasive species in the Rhône river floodplain (France): replacement of Elodea canadensis michaux by E. nuttallii St. John in two former river channels]. (Abstract). Archiv für Hydrobiologie 152(2):237-251.
  13. ^ Poulis, Georgios; Zervas, Dimitrios (2017-12-20). "First confirmed record of Elodea canadensis Michx. (Hydrocharitaceae) in Greece". Hacquetia. 16 (2): 175–179. doi:10.1515/hacq-2017-0001. ISSN 1854-9829.
  14. ^ Heracleum mantegazzianum distribution in Europe Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  15. ^ http://mediambient.gencat.cat/ca/05_ambits_dactuacio/patrimoni_natural/esp%3C/ref%3Eecies_%3C/ref%3Eexotiques_invasores/llista-especies/llista-especies-catalogades/flora/julivert-gegant/ [dead link‍]
  16. ^ Maguire, C.M., Cosgrove, P.J. and Kelly, J. 2008.Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) Management Plan[permanent dead link‍]. Invasive Species Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  17. ^ Impatiens glandulifera alien range Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  18. ^ Lantana camara (lantana). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  19. ^ Myriophyllum aquaticum distribution in the United Kingdom Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  20. ^ Nicotiana glauca(tree tobacco). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  21. ^ Oxalis pes-caprae. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  22. ^ Fallopia japonica distribution in Europe Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  23. ^ Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland: Rhododendron ponticum. National Museums Northern Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  24. ^ Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in Europe Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  25. ^ "Rosa rugosa (rugosa rose)". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  26. ^ "Misèria".
  27. ^ Durand, C., et al. 2002.Molecular data suggest a hybrid origin for the invasive Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15:122-133.
  28. ^ Alien range of Caulerpa taxifolia Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  29. ^ "Bugula neritina (brown bryozoan)". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International.
  30. ^ "Datasheet Schizoporella errata (branching bryozoan)". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International.
  31. ^ "Datasheet Tricellaria inopinata". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International.
  32. ^ "Cordylophora (euryhaline hydroid)". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International.
  33. ^ "Bay barnacle (Balanus improvisus)" (PDF). Främmande arter i svenska hav. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  34. ^ "Chelicorophium curvispinum (Caspian mud shrimp)".
  35. ^ Danielle M. Crosnier & Daniel P. Molloy (October 2006). "Killer Shrimp - Dikerogammarus villosus" (PDF). Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2010.
  36. ^ "Austrominius modestus".
  37. ^ Eriocheir sinensis. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2020-11-01.
  38. ^ "Limnomysis benedeni".
  39. ^ "Limnoria lignorum (Gribble)".
  40. ^ Holdich, D. and Black, J. 2007. The spiny-cheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae), digs into the UK[dead link‍]. Aquatic Invasions 2(1):1–16.
  41. ^ The virile crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae), identified in the UK. Ahern, Daniel, et al. 2008. Aquatic Invasions 3(1):102-104. Retrieved on 2008-12-03.
  42. ^ Pacifastacus leniusculus. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2022-11-01.
  43. ^ "Palaemon elegans (Rock shrimp)".
  44. ^ Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet: Paralithodes camtschaticus. North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  45. ^ "Pontogammarus robustoides".
  46. ^ Procambarus clarkii. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2022-11-01.
  47. ^ "Adelges piceae (Balsam woolly adelgid)".
  48. ^ "Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer)". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  49. ^ "Aleurodicus dispersus (Whitefly)".
  50. ^ "Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)".
  51. ^ "Aproceros leucopoda (elm zigzag sawfly)". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  52. ^ "Aromia bungii (Red necked longicorn)".
  53. ^ "Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)". Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  54. ^ "Cacyreus marshalli (Pelargonium butterfly)".
  55. ^ "Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)".
  56. ^ "Chilo suppressalis (Striped rice stem borer)".
  57. ^ "Cinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid)".
  58. ^ "Corythucha ciliata (Sycamore lace bug)".
  59. ^ "Cryptotermes brevis (Powderpost termite)".
  60. ^ "Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Blue gum psyllid)".
  61. ^ "Cydalima perspectalis (Box tree moth)".
  62. ^ "Dendroctonus micans (Great spruce bark beetle)".
  63. ^ "Dreyfusia nordmannianae (Silver fir adelges)".
  64. ^ "Drosophila suzukii (Spotted wing drosophila)".
  65. ^ "Dryocosmus kuriphilus (chestnut gall wasp)".
  66. ^ "Epiphyas postvittana (Light brown apple moth)".
  67. ^ "Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower thrips)".
  68. ^ "Gilpinia hercyniae (Spruce sawfly)".
  69. ^ Harmonia axyridis. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2022-11-01.
  70. ^ "Hypogeococcus pungens (Cactus mealybug)".
  71. ^ "Icerya purchasi (Cottony cushion scale)".
  72. ^ Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland: Leptinotarsa decemlineata Archived 2011-05-19 at the Wayback Machine. National Museums Northern Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  73. ^ "Leptocybe invasa (Blue gum chalcid)".
  74. ^ "Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)".
  75. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Decreto-Lei n.o 565/99 de 21 de Dezembro" [Decree-Law No 565/99 of December 21] (PDF). Diário da República (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional. 21 December 1999. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  76. ^ "Megastigmus spermotrophus (Douglas-fir seed chalcid)".
  77. ^ "Opogona sacchari (Banana moth)".
  78. ^ "Paratrechina longicornis (Crazy ant)".
  79. ^ "Paysandisia archon (South American palm borer)".
  80. ^ "Pheidole megacephala (Big-headed ant)".
  81. ^ "Phoracantha semipunctata (Eucalyptus longhorned borer)".
  82. ^ "Phyllonorycter issikii (Lime leafminer)".
  83. ^ "Rhagoletis cingulata (Cherry fruit fly)".
  84. ^ "Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée". EFSA Journal. 12 (2014, 12(10):3851): 3851. 2014. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3851.
  85. ^ "Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Bronze bug)".
  86. ^ "Trialeurodes ricini (Castor bean whitefly)".
  87. ^ "Vespula germanica (German wasp)".
  88. ^ "Vespula vulgaris (Wasp, common)".
  89. ^ "Xyleborus perforans (Island pinhole borer)".
  90. ^ "Xylosandrus germanus (Black timber bark beetle)".
  91. ^ "Microcosmus squamiger".
  92. ^ "Polyandrocarpa zorritensis".
  93. ^ Styela clava. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2022-11-01.
  94. ^ "Acridotheres tristis (Common myna)".
  95. ^ "Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose)".
  96. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22719614/0
  97. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22719574/0
  98. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22719570/0
  99. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22719761/0
  100. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22719164/0
  101. ^ Weston, Phoebe (6 June 2022). "'The next parakeet': Britain's dawn chorus at risk from Asian songbird". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  102. ^ "Oxyura jamaicensis (ruddy duck)".
  103. ^ "Phasianus colchicus (Common pheasant)".
  104. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22718921/0
  105. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22718949/0
  106. ^ Menchetti, Mattia; Mori, Emiliano; Angelici, Francesco Maria (2016). Effects of the recent world invasion by ring-necked parakeets Psittacula krameri. Springer International Publishin. pp. 253–266. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22246-2_12. ISBN 978-3-319-22246-2.
  107. ^ "Alburnus alburnus (Bleak)".
  108. ^ a b c Leppakoski, Erkki. Invasive aquatic species of Europe: distribution, impacts, and management. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1998. The Netherlands. 156-162.
  109. ^ "Carassius auratus auratus (Goldfish)".
  110. ^ "Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp)".
  111. ^ "Esox lucius (Pike)".
  112. ^ "Gambusia holbrooki (Eastern mosquitofish)".
  113. ^ "Aristichthys nobilis (Bighead carp)".
  114. ^ "Leuciscus leuciscus (Common dace)".
  115. ^ "Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)".
  116. ^ "Perccottus glenii (Amur sleeper)".
  117. ^ "Rutilus rutilus (Roach)".
  118. ^ "Sander lucioperca (Pike-perch)".
  119. ^ "Ammotragus lervia (Aoudad)".
  120. ^ "Axis axis (Indian spotted deer)".
  121. ^ a b c d e f "Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern" (PDF). European Commission. 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  122. ^ "Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel)".
  123. ^ "Capra hircus (Goats)".
  124. ^ "Castor canadensis (Beaver)".
  125. ^ "Equus asinus (Donkeys)".
  126. ^ "Felis catus (Cat)".
  127. ^ "Lepus europaeus (European hare)".
  128. ^ "Mustela furo (Ferret)".
  129. ^ "Ovis aries (Sheep)".
  130. ^ "Ovis aries musimon (European mouflon)".
  131. ^ Ćirović, Duško; Raković, Maja; Milenković, Miroljub; Paunović, Milan (6 July 2010). "Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus (Herpestidae, Carnivora): an invasive species in Montenegro". Biological Invasions. 13 (2): 393–399. doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9831-7. S2CID 24084528.
  132. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/157246/0
  133. ^ Piquet, Julien C.; López-Darias, Marta (2021-12-08). "Invasive snake causes massive reduction of all endemic herpetofauna on Gran Canaria". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 288 (1964): 20211939. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1939. PMC 8651408. PMID 34875190.
  134. ^ "Kalifornische Kettennatter: Breitet sich die Art jetzt auch in Deutschland aus?". Der Spiegel (in German). 2022-08-08. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
  135. ^ "Arion vulgaris (Spanish slug)".
  136. ^ "Deroceras invadens (Tramp slug)".
  137. ^ "Petricolaria pholadiformis (False angel wing)".
  138. ^ "Pinctada imbricata radiata (Rayed pearl oyster)".
  139. ^ 100 of the worst invasive species in Europe
  140. ^ "Corbicula fluminalis".
  141. ^ Morais, P.; et al. (2009). "The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in the Guadiana River Basin (southwestern Iberian Peninsula): Setting the record straight" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 4 (4): 681–684. doi:10.3391/ai.2009.4.4.14.
  142. ^ a b Popa, O.; Popa, L. O. (2006). "Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834), Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774), Dreissena bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Alien invasive species in Romanian fauna" (PDF). Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa". 49: 7–12.
  143. ^ Katharina C. M. Heiler, Sascha Brandt, Christian Albrecht, Torsten Hauffe, Thomas Wilke: A new approach for dating introduction events of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis). In: Biological Invasions. Online First.
  144. ^ "Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Tubeworm)".
  145. ^ "Lumbricus terrestris".
  146. ^ "Marenzelleria neglecta (Red gilled mud worm)".
  147. ^ "Anguillicoloides crassus".
  148. ^ "Globodera rostochiensis (Yellow potato cyst nematode)".
  149. ^ "Bothriocephalus acheilognathi".
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