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Palmer Luckey
Luckey wearing VR goggles at CES 2020
Born
Palmer Freeman Luckey

(1992-09-19) September 19, 1992 (age 32)
Long Beach, California, U.S.[1]
NationalityAmerican
EducationCalifornia State University, Long Beach (dropout)
OccupationFounder of Anduril Industries
Known forFounder of Oculus VR and designer of the Oculus Rift

Palmer Freeman Luckey (born September 19, 1992) is an American entrepreneur best known as the founder of Oculus VR and designer of the Oculus Rift, a virtual reality head-mounted display that is widely credited with reviving the virtual reality industry. In 2017, Luckey departed Oculus and founded defense contractor Anduril Industries, a defence technology company focused on autonomous drones and sensors for military applications. Luckey ranked number 22 on Forbes' 2016 list of America's richest entrepreneurs under 40.[2]

Early life and education

Luckey was born and raised in Long Beach, California,[1] with three younger sisters.[3] His father worked at a car dealership.[4]

As a child he was homeschooled by his mother, took sailing lessons,[5] and had an intense interest in electronics and engineering.[6] He took community college courses at Golden West College and Long Beach City College[3] beginning at the age of 14 or 15, and started attending courses at California State University, Long Beach[1] in 2010.[4] He wrote and served as Online Editor for the university's student-run newspaper, Daily 49er.[7]

During his childhood and teenage years, Luckey experimented with a variety of complex electronics projects including railguns, Tesla coils, and lasers, with some of these projects resulting in serious injuries.[1] He built a PC gaming "rig" worth tens of thousands of U.S. dollars[6] with an elaborate six-monitor setup.[8] His desire to immerse himself in computer-generated worlds led to an obsession with virtual reality (VR).

In an effort to learn more about VR technology, Luckey built an extensive private collection of over 50 different head-mounted displays, most of which were built in the 1990s.[1][4][6][9] At the age of 16, he began building VR headsets of his own design. To fund these projects, he earned at least US$36,000 by fixing and reselling damaged iPhones[1] and working part-time as a groundskeeper, youth sailing coach, and computer repair technician.[3]

In 2009, he founded the ModRetro Forums with a friend, creating an online community for "portabilization", a hobby that revolves around turning old hardware devices such as game consoles and PCs into self-contained portable units mixing new and old technology.[10]

He later attended California State University, Long Beach, where he majored in journalism and served as Online Editor of the Daily49er. During his time there, he also worked as a part-time engineer in the Mixed Reality Lab (MxR) at the Institute for Creative Technologies (ICT) at the University of Southern California as part of a design team for cost-effective virtual reality systems for BRAVEMIND, a U.S. Army Research Laboratory effort to treat veterans suffering from PTSD. [1]

Palmer Luckey wearing an Oculus Rift DK1 (development kit 1) during a demo at SVVR 2014.

Oculus Rift

Palmer Luckey during a panel discussion at SVVR 2014.

Luckey was frustrated with the inadequacy of existing head-mounted displays in the market, which suffered from low contrast, high latency, low field-of-view, high cost, and extreme bulk and weight. In response, he started experimenting with his own designs in 2009. He completed his first prototype, called PR1, at age 17 in his parents' garage in 2010,[4] which featured a 90-degree field of view, low latency, and built-in haptic feedback.

Luckey developed a series of prototypes exploring features like 3D stereoscopy, wireless, and extreme 270-degree field-of-view, while also decreasing size and weight of his systems. He shared regular updates on his progress on MTBS3D, a forum frequented by a small number of virtual reality enthusiasts.[6] He called his 6th-generation unit the "Oculus Rift", which was intended to be sold as a do-it-yourself (DIY) kit on Kickstarter to fellow enthusiasts.[6][11] He launched Oculus VR in April 2012 to facilitate the official launch of the Kickstarter campaign.[4]

The Oculus Rift CV1, the first commercial VR headset released by Oculus VR.

John Carmack of id Software, a notable game developer famous for his work on the Doom and Quake videogame series, requested a prototype headset from Luckey, who lent it to Carmack free of charge. Carmack used it to demonstrate id Software's Doom 3: BFG Edition on the device at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012. With the resulting attention of thousands of people suddenly drawn to the Rift, Luckey dropped out of university to focus on it full-time.[4]

Luckey also demonstrated the unit to Valve, and received a Kickstarter endorsement from Valve's managing director Gabe Newell, who said "It looks incredibly exciting. If anybody is going to tackle this set of hard problems, we think that Palmer is going to do it. We strongly encourage you to support this Kickstarter." When Luckey launched his Kickstarter campaign for the Oculus Rift, it also received endorsements from other prominent figures in the game industry, including Cliff Blezinski, David Helgason, and Mark Bolas.

During the Kickstarter campaign, Luckey demonstrated the Rift to gamers and the press at many gaming conventions, including PAX, Gamescom, and QuakeCon 2012.[4]

The Kickstarter campaign was successful, raising US$2.4 million, or 974% of its original target.[4] After raising more than one million dollars, Brendan Iribe was hired by Luckey in August 2012 to be CEO of Oculus. As a result of their successful campaign Oculus VR expanded, taking on more employees and a larger office space, but Luckey described his day-to-day process as not having "changed all that much," remaining a "slow plod towards making this thing a reality."[4] Luckey continued to work on all aspects of the business, saying, "I have my hands in everything, from product engineering to game development to marketing,"[10] Later, he shifted his focus towards virtual reality input hardware, calling it a "pet project" that eventually culminated in the Oculus Touch spatial controller.[12]

Facebook

Oculus VR was acquired by Facebook in March 2014 for US$3 billion.[13] Although Luckey's share was not made public, Forbes magazine estimated the founder's net worth to be $700 million in 2015.[5]

ZeniMax lawsuit

Main article: ZeniMax v. Oculus

Shortly after the acquisition, ZeniMax Media filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. The lawsuit contended that Luckey and Oculus used ZeniMax's "trade secrets, copyrighted computer code, and technical know-how relating to virtual reality technology", and sought financial damages for breach of contract, copyright infringement, and unfair competition.[14][15] ZeniMax claimed it had invested "tens of millions of dollars in research and development" into VR technology, and that "Oculus and Luckey lacked the necessary expertise and technical know-how to create a viable virtual reality headset".[14]

The jury trial completed on February 2, 2017. The jury found that Luckey had violated a non-disclosure agreement he had with ZeniMax, but awarded zero damages on this charge, judging the harm as de minimis.[16][17] Though the jury found that Oculus, Facebook, Palmer Luckey, Brendan Iribe, and John Carmack did not misappropriate or steal trade secrets and technology,[16][17][18] they awarded a combined total of $500 million in damages for copyright infringement related to the marketing of the Oculus Rift, with Luckey responsible for $50 million of the total.

In June 2018, the judge overseeing the case dismissed all damages owed by Luckey and reduced the amount owed by other parties to $250 million.[19]

Firing and political controversy

In September 2016, it was reported that Luckey had donated $10,000 to Nimble America, a pro-Donald Trump group that ran a billboard campaign displaying 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton with the caption "Too Big to Jail".[20][21][22][23]

This caused a small number of developers to temporarily cancel plans to support Oculus, including Scruta Games, which announced it would cancel Oculus's support in their games unless Luckey stepped down.[24][25] Tomorrow Today Labs said they would not support the Oculus touch as long as Luckey is employed by Oculus.[24] Tomorrow Today Labs later reversed this position, saying they "failed to find any evidence backing up the Daily Beast’s claim that Luckey paid for hate speech. Only a lame billboard."[26]

In March 2017, Palmer Luckey left Facebook, and stopped his involvement with Oculus VR.[27] No explanation for the departure was given by either party.[28][29] As part of testimony before the United States Senate in April 2018, Senator Ted Cruz asked Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg "Why was Palmer Luckey fired?". Zuckerberg refused to get into the "specific personnel matter", saying only that "it was not because of a political view".[30]

In November 2018, The Wall Street Journal obtained access to internal Facebook emails which suggested the matter was discussed at the highest levels of the company. Facebook executives, including Zuckerberg, reportedly pressured Luckey to publicly voice support for libertarian candidate Gary Johnson, despite his support for then Republican nominee Donald Trump.[31]

After his firing, Luckey hired an employment lawyer, and together negotiated a payout of at least $100 million, arguing that the company had violated California law for allegedly pressuring the executive to voice support for Johnson and for punishing an employee for political activity.[31][32][33]

Facebook's augmented and virtual-reality vice president Andrew Bosworth, who oversees the Oculus division, issued a series of tweets in November 2018 denying that Luckey had been fired for his conservative beliefs. Facebook likewise denied Luckey had been fired for supporting Trump, stating "We can say unequivocally that Palmer's departure was not due to his political views."[34][35]

Anduril Industries

In June 2017, Luckey founded the autonomy-focused defense technology company Anduril Industries, along with former Palantir Technologies executives Matt Grimm, Trae Stephens, and Brian Schimpf, and early Oculus VR Hardware Lead Joe Chen.[36] In March 2018, Anduril began a pilot program for the U.S. government to detect human trafficking and drug smuggling in remote areas of the southern border of the United States; the program led to 55 attempted entrants being caught in its first 12 days in operation.[36] Anduril later won the Autonomous Surveillance Tower program of record, resulting in the deployment of hundreds of Anduril Sentry Towers at a cost of "hundreds of millions of dollars".[37][38]

In September 2020, Luckey announced through Twitter that Anduril had received a contract worth $967M for the Advanced Battle Management Systems (ABMS), a cutting-edge multi-billion dollar project by the U.S. Air Force.[39]

In February 2022, Luckey announced that Anduril had won a $1B contract to lead counter-unmanned systems work for SOCOM.[40][41]

Public image

In 2014, Luckey was described as "the face of virtual reality in gaming"[4] and a celebrity among virtual reality enthusiasts; however, he does not consider himself to be a celebrity.[42] He maintains a casual appearance, is frequently barefoot, and prefers sandals to shoes even at trade shows and events.[5][6]

Luckey lives in a shared house with several others where they regularly play multiplayer videogames, and he typically wears casual clothes like shorts, T-shirts, Hawaiian shirts and sandals.[43]

The character Keenan Feldspar, played by Haley Joel Osment, who appeared on several episodes of the HBO TV show Silicon Valley in 2017, was speculated by some to be based on Luckey.[44] Like Luckey, Feldspar is a young entrepreneur who became rich after selling his VR technology, and who tends to wear Hawaiian shirts.[45]

Political views

In September 2016, Luckey stated he is a libertarian who supported Libertarian Party politicians like Ron Paul and Gary Johnson in the past.[46][47][48] Since then, he has become a prominent fundraiser for the Republican Party and Donald Trump.

Fundraising for Donald Trump

In September 2016, Luckey donated $10,000 to an organization called "Nimble America" with the stated purpose of "educating the community on our ideals of America First, Smart Trade, Legal Immigration, and Ethical Behavior."[49] Luckey offered to match further contributions from /r/The_Donald users for 48 hours after the announcement.[50] Luckey later issued an apology for any negative impact his actions had on public perception of Oculus, and stated that he acted independently, not as a representative of Oculus VR.[51] The Wall Street Journal later reported that Luckey had been pressured into making this statement as a condition of employment.[52]

In October 2020, Luckey hosted a fundraiser for Donald Trump at his home in Lido Isle, Newport Beach, with the president in attendance.[53][54] The fundraiser had tickets ranging from $2,800 per person to $150,000 per couple,[55] and there were gatherings both for and against President Trump in Newport Beach outside during the event.[56]

Donations to the Republican Party

Luckey has donated to the campaigns of dozens of Republican political candidates, mostly candidates for the U.S. House of Representatives but also including Texas Senator Ted Cruz. He has also donated to a large number of Republican- and conservative-affiliated organizations, including the National Republican Congressional Committee, the 2017 Presidential Inaugural Committee, Mike Pence's Great America Committee and many state Republican Party chapters.[57]

Awards

In 2014, Luckey was the recipient of Smithsonian magazine's American Ingenuity Award in the Youth category.[58]

In 2016, Luckey was awarded the Royal Photographic Society Progress medal and Honorary Fellowship, which is awarded in recognition of any invention, research, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an important advance in the scientific or technological development of photography or imaging in the widest sense.[59]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Martens, Todd (June 8, 2013). "Palmer Luckey's Oculus Rift could be a virtual reality breakthrough". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  2. ^ a b "2016 America's Richest Entrepreneurs Under 40: #22 Palmer Luckey". Forbes. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d Lang, Ben (October 16, 2012). "Q&A With Palmer Luckey, Creator of the Oculus Rift". Road to VR. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Purchese, Robert (July 11, 2013). "Happy Go Luckey: Meet the 20-year-old creator of Oculus Rift". Eurogamer.net. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  5. ^ a b c Whitehouse, Kaja (March 26, 2014). "Oculus founder, just 21, 'never imagined' $2B Facebook deal". New York Post. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Peckham, Matt (May 20, 2014). "The Inside Story of Oculus Rift and How Virtual Reality Became Reality". Wired. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  7. ^ "Daily 49er". Daily 49er. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
  8. ^ Graham, Jefferson (June 20, 2014). "The real world of Oculus VR founder Palmer Luckey". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 22, 2014. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  9. ^ Headsets in his collection include the Vuzix iWear VR920, eMagin Z800 3DVisor,[6] Fakespace Push, Liquid Image Corporation MRG2, Visionics LVES, and a heavily modified Sony HMZ-T1.[3]
  10. ^ a b Wang, Jennifer (November 18, 2015). "America's Richest Self-Made Entrepreneurs In Their 20s". Forbes. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  11. ^ Luckey, Palmer (August 21, 2009). "Oculus "Rift" : An open-source HMD for Kickstarter". MTBS3D. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  12. ^ Feltham, Jamie (May 6, 2015). "VR Input is Palmer Luckey's 'pet project'". VR Focus.
  13. ^ della Cava, Marco (January 17, 2017). "Oculus cost $3B not $2B, Zuckerberg says in trial". USA Today.
  14. ^ a b Gilbert, Ben (May 21, 2014). "Oculus VR and Palmer Luckey being sued by CTO's former employer". Engadget. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  15. ^ Lowensohn, Josh (May 21, 2014). "Oculus VR and its founder sued by ZeniMax and id Software". The Verge. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  16. ^ a b Orland, Kyle (February 1, 2017). "Oculus, execs liable for $500 million in ZeniMax VR trial". Ars Technica. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  17. ^ a b "Court's Charge to the Jury: Zenimax Media & ID Software v. Oculus Rift, Palmer Luckey et. al" (PDF). Ars Technica. February 1, 2017.
  18. ^ Poon, Timothy; Crecente, Brian (February 1, 2017). "Oculus lawsuit ends with half billion dollar judgment awarded to ZeniMax". Polygon. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  19. ^ Korosec, Tom (June 27, 2018). "Facebook Payout in Oculus Copyright Spat Cut to $250 Million". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  20. ^ Resnick, Gideon; Collins, Ben (September 23, 2016). "Palmer Luckey: The Facebook Near-Billionaire Secretly Funding Trump's Meme Machine". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  21. ^ Gilbert, Ben (September 29, 2016). "Facebook's $2 billion bet on the future is in jeopardy because of Palmer Luckey". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  22. ^ Hern, Alex (September 23, 2016). "Oculus Rift founder Palmer Luckey spends fortune backing pro-Trump 'shitposts'". The Guardian.
  23. ^ "Oculus founder admits he gave $10,000 to Nimble America". USA Today. September 27, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  24. ^ a b Gibbs, Samuel (September 27, 2016). "VR developers turn against Oculus Rift over founder's pro-Trump support". The Guardian.
  25. ^ Kosoff, Maya (September 2016). "Oculus Founder Does Damage Control After Outing Himself as Pro–Trump Donor". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  26. ^ Tomorrow Today Labs (October 26, 2016). "Business and Politics". Medium.com. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  27. ^ Orland, Kyle (March 30, 2017). "Oculus co-founder Palmer Luckey leaves Facebook". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  28. ^ Hern, Alex (March 31, 2017). "Palmer Luckey: Trump-supporting Oculus founder leaves Facebook". The Guardian. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
  29. ^ Wingfield, Nick (August 8, 2017). "The Culture Wars Have Come to Silicon Valley". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
  30. ^ Robertson, Adi (April 10, 2018). "Mark Zuckerberg says he didn't fire Palmer Luckey out of anti-conservative bias". The Verge.
  31. ^ a b Grind, Kirsten; Hagey, Keach (November 11, 2018). "Why Did Facebook Fire a Top Executive? Hint: It Had Something to Do With Trump". The Wall Street Journal.
  32. ^ Musil, Steven (November 11, 2018). "Facebook reportedly fired Palmer Luckey for political views". CNET.
  33. ^ Fingas, Jon (November 11, 2018). "Facebook reportedly pressured Palmer Luckey to support a politician". Engadget.
  34. ^ Lieu, Johnny (November 12, 2018). "Oculus co-founder was pressured by Facebook execs to support libertarian candidate: report". Mashable.
  35. ^ Ghosh, Shona (November 11, 2018). "Mark Zuckerberg reportedly pressured a top Facebook VR exec to drop his public support of Trump in favor of another candidate". Business Insider.
  36. ^ a b Hatmaker, Taylor (June 11, 2018). "Palmer Luckey's defense company Anduril is already leading to arrests at the southern border". TechCrunch.
  37. ^ "CBP's Autonomous Surveillance Towers Declared a Program of Record along the Southwest Border". U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  38. ^ www.bizjournals.com https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/news/2020/07/02/anduril-wins-cbp-deal-to-install-ai-surveillance.html. Retrieved March 4, 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ^ Hatmaker, Taylor (September 24, 2020). "Anduril among companies tapped to build the Air Force's 'internet of things' for war". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  40. ^ Judson, Jen (January 24, 2022). "US Special Operations Command picks Anduril to lead counter-drone integration work in $1B deal". Defense News. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  41. ^ "Contracts for January 20, 2022". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  42. ^ VRFocus (June 4, 2014). "Palmer Luckey on Palmer Luckey: A VRFocus Interview". YouTube. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  43. ^ Ewalt, David (January 19, 2015). "Palmer Luckey: Defying Reality". Forbes. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  44. ^ Stone, Zara (June 12, 2017). "How HBO's 'Silicon Valley' Perfectly Skewers The VR Unicorn In The Form Of Haley Joel Osment". Forbes.
  45. ^ Alexander, Julia (May 30, 2017). "Silicon Valley's new, young VR genius feels kind of familiar". Polygon.
  46. ^ Farber, Madeline (September 24, 2016). "Oculus Co-Founder Palmer Luckey Denies He Supports Donald Trump's Campaign". Fortune.
  47. ^ della Cava, Marco; Molina, Brett (September 26, 2016). "Facebook millionaire Luckey aligns himself with alt-right, but only if you squint". USA Today.
  48. ^ Luckey, Palmer Freeman (September 23, 2016). "I am deeply sorry that my actions are... — Palmer Freeman Luckey". Facebook.
  49. ^ Resnick, Gideon (September 22, 2016). "Palmer Luckey: The Facebook Near-Billionaire Secretly Funding Trump's Meme Machine". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  50. ^ Hern, Alex (September 23, 2016). "Oculus Rift founder Palmer Luckey spends fortune backing pro-Trump 'shitposts'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 10, 2017. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  51. ^ Grubb, Jeff (September 23, 2016). "Palmer Luckey: 'I am deeply sorry that my actions' hurt Oculus". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  52. ^ Grind, Kirsten; Hagey, Keach (November 12, 2018). "Why Did Facebook Fire a Top Executive? Hint: It Had Something to Do With Trump". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
  53. ^ Elias, Jennifer; Rodriguez, Salvador (October 16, 2020). "Tech exec Palmer Luckey to host California fundraiser for President Trump this weekend". CNBC. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
  54. ^ Mehta, Seema; John, Arit (October 18, 2020). "The Beach Boys, tony Lido Isle, $150,000 tickets: A peek inside Trump's Orange County fundraiser". Los Angeles Times.
  55. ^ "Trump to attend Newport Beach fundraiser hosted by Oculus Rift co-founder". KTLA. October 18, 2020.
  56. ^ Newberry, Laura; Lai, Stephanie & John, Arit (October 18, 2020). "Thousands of Trump supporters rally in Newport Beach as president arrives for fundraiser". Yahoo! News.
  57. ^ "Palmer Luckey". OpenSecrets.org.
  58. ^ "2014 American Ingenuity Award Winners". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on January 24, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  59. ^ "Progress Medal". Royal Photographic Society. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
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