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Slava Ukraini

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The Monument of Independence in Kharkiv includes the phrase

"Glory to Ukraine!" (Template:Lang-uk) is a Ukrainian national salute. It is often accompanied by the response "Glory to the heroes!" (Template:Lang-uk).

The phrase first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century in different variations, when it became wildly popular among ethnic Ukrainians during the Ukrainian War of Independence from 1917 to 1921.[1] In 2018 it became the official salute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It has gained worldwide prominence as a symbol of resistance[2] during the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and was set to music by the Norwegian Armed Forces' official composer Marcus Paus.

History

Origins

A similar phrase "glory of Ukraine" has been used at least since the time of prominent patriotic Ukrainian writer Taras Shevchenko. In his poem "To Osnovyanenko" («До Основ'яненка»; 1840, in the version of 1860) Shevchenko wrote:[3]

Our thought, our song
Will not die, will not perish…
Oh there, people, is our glory,
Glory of Ukraine!

The first known mention of the slogan "Glory to Ukraine!" with the answer "Glory all around the earth!" (По всій землі слава) is associated with the environment of the Kharkiv Ukrainian student community of the late 19th – early 20th centuries.[4]

20th century

World War II-era monument in memory of UPA partisans with inscription "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!", in place of the Janowa Dolina massacre, Bazaltove, Ukraine

The phrase "Slava Ukraini!" (Glory to Ukraine!) first appeared in different military formations during the Ukrainian War of Independence (from 1917 to 1921).[5] It became part of the lexicon of Ukrainian nationalists in the 1920s.[5][nb 1]

The modern response "Heroiam slava!" (Glory to the heroes!) appeared in the 1930s among members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) who started using this slogan[5] to commemorate veterans of the 1918 to 1921 Ukrainian-Soviet War, including leader of the OUN Yevhen Konovalets. The greeting "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!" became an official slogan of Stepan Bandera's Nazi-allied OUN-B in April 1941.[6][5] During World War II, Ukrainian nationalists often used it in addition to a roman salute.[7]

“Slava Ukraini! Heroiam slava!" became very popular in the 1940s and 1950s when the OUN/UPA paramilitary force fought with the Nazis against the Red Army in western Ukraine.[citation needed] "Glory to the heroes!" was also used by the Kuban Cossacks dating back to at least 1944 with the return of the Cossack Rebel Army who fought with the Nazis on the Eastern Front.[8]

In the late 1980s and early 1990s the slogan began to be heard at rallies and demonstrations.[5] After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, the phrase "Glory to Ukraine" became a common patriotic slogan. In 1995, President of the United States Bill Clinton used the phrase in his speech in Kyiv (together with "God bless America").[9]

21st century

A debit card from Ukraine's PrivatBank with the phrase and "Glory to the heroes" response.

The phrase has undergone a resurgence in recent times, becoming a popular and prominent refrain during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, as a symbol of democracy and of resistance against Putin's Russia.[10]

On 10 July 2018, Ukrainian supporters flooded the Facebook page of football governing body FIFA with over 158,000 comments, most saying "Glory to Ukraine", after FIFA fined Croatia's assistant coach for a video in which he used the same slogan after Croatia's World Cup victory. Russia alleged that the chant has ultra-nationalist connotations, as it was popularised by World War II era groups, such as the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), who collaborated with the Nazis.[11] The Football Federation of Ukraine said in a statement that "Glory to Ukraine" is a commonly used greeting in Ukraine ... (and) should not be interpreted as an act of aggression or provocation".[12]

On 9 August 2018, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko announced that "Glory to Ukraine" will be the official greeting of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, replacing "Hello comrades" (Template:Lang-uk).[13] The greeting was used during the Kyiv Independence Day Parade on 24 August 2018.[14] The Ukrainian parliament approved the President's bill on this (in its first reading) on 6 September and on 4 October 2018.[15] Parliament also made Glory to Ukraine the official greeting of the National Police of Ukraine.[16]

On 7 September 2018, the Ukrainian national football team wore the phrase on their kits, during a UEFA Nations League match with the Czech Republic.[17] The phrase was deemed "too political and militaristic" by UEFA who ordered the Ukrainian Association of Football to remove it.[18]

It's also commonly used in greeting to Ukraine from the world leaders.

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

"Slava Ukraini" sign at an anti-war protest in Washington, DC, 27 February

The phrase has become very popular among Ukranian soldiers and their supporters during the Russo-Ukrainian War following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[19] During the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the slogan is seeing worldwide use by protesters in solidarity with Ukraine all over the world, accompanying various demands towards the Russian embassies and the relevant national governments such as excluding Russia from SWIFT and closing airspace over Ukraine.[20] The Norwegian composer Marcus Paus, the official composer of the Norwegian Armed Forces, composed a song that he released on 27 February 2022 under the title "Slava Ukraini!"[21][22]

Controversies

In the Soviet Union, the slogan "Slava Ukraini!" was forbidden and discredited via a decades-long propaganda campaign alongside the diaspora Ukrainian nationalists who used it.[10][5] They were dubbed "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists", "Banderites", and "Nazi henchmen" by Soviet authorities.[10] Modern Russia followed the similar trend when the slogan was characterised as a fascist slogan, notably during the Russo-Ukrainian War.[19]

Beyond the border of Europe, the song Glory to Hong Kong drew inspiration from the slogan for use in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[23] This was received extremely negatively in mainland China, with the Chinese accusing Ukraine of meddling in Hong Kong affairs under the order of the United States, and was not censored by the Great Firewall of the Chinese government.[24][25]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In his monumental book Kholodny Yar, Yuriy Horlis-Horskyi writes that he heard this phrase from several insurgents, who fought in the Kholodny Yar Ukrainian partisan movement (1918–1923). They routinely greeted each other with the phrase "Slava Ukraini!", and the response had to be "Ukraini Slava!" (which also means "Glory to Ukraine" but with words swapped around).[5]

References

  1. ^ ""Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created?". www.istpravda.com.ua. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  2. ^ "'Glory to Ukraine': hundreds of thousands march against Russian invasion". France 24. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  3. ^ "До Основ'яненка. Тарас Шевченко. Повне зібрання творів. Том. 1".
  4. ^ Юзич Юрій. Хто і коли вигадав гасло «Слава Україні!» [Електронний ресурс] // Історична правда. — 4 October 2018. — Режим доступу: https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2018/10/4/153036/
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Why Is the International Media Still Repeating Kremlin Propaganda about Ukraine?, Atlantic Council (13 July 2018)
    (in Ukrainian) "Glory to Ukraine!" – the story of the slogan of the struggle for independence, Radio Free Europe (19 June 2017)
  6. ^ Ivan Katchanovski (2004). "The Politics of World War II in Contemporary Ukraine". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. p. 214.
  7. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe, Grzegorz. "Celebrating Fascism and War Criminality in Edmonton. The Political Myth and Cult of Stepan Bandera in Multicultural Canada, in: in Kakanien Revisited 12 (2010): 1–16". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Родом з України [Born in Ukraine]. The Ukrainian Week (in Ukrainian). 29 June 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  9. ^ Jehl, Douglas (13 May 1995). "Thousands Turn Out to Cheer Clinton in Ukraine". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  10. ^ a b c "New 'Glory to Ukraine' army chant invokes nationalist past". Deutsche Welle. 24 August 2018.
  11. ^ "World Cup 2018 Gets Political: The Nazi and anti-Russian Roots of 'Glory to Ukraine'". Ha'aretz. 15 July 2018.
  12. ^ "Angry Ukraine Fans Deluge FIFA's Facebook Page With Posts". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  13. ^ Poroshenko, Petro. "President: The words "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the Heroes!" will be the official greetings of the Armed Forces of our state". PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE Official website. Government of Ukraine. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  14. ^ "Ukraine's Independence Day military parade in Kyiv". The Ukrainian Week. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  15. ^ Verkhovna Rada approves military salute ‘Glory to Ukraine!’, 112 Ukraine (6 September 2018)
    Ukraine's parliament approves new army, police greeting, UNIAN (4 October 2018)
  16. ^ Rada approves salute 'Glory to Ukraine' in Ukrainian army, Interfax-Ukraine (4 October 2018)
  17. ^ "'Glory to Ukraine' slogan appears at official kits of national football team". 112.international. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  18. ^ "Ukraine's newly unveiled Euros kit sparks fury in Moscow". the42.ie. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  19. ^ a b Schreck, Carl (7 September 2018). "'Glory To Ukraine!' Is The New National Team's Soccer Slogan A Rallying Cry Or A Fascist Call?". rferl.org. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  20. ^ Articles, The Times Leading. "The Times view on Ukraine's courage: Slava Ukraini!". ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  21. ^ Paus, Marcus. "Slava Ukraini!". Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  22. ^ "Marcus Paus: Slava Ukraini!". Norsk Musikforlag. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  23. ^ "Hong Kong Protesters Draw Inspiration from Ukraine's Maidan | Wilson Center".
  24. ^ "中国香港绝对不能成为下一个乌克兰！".
  25. ^ "乌克兰"新纳粹"老兵现身香港，还到了港理大".
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