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'''''Chendytes lawi''''', commonly called '''Law's diving-goose''', was a goose-sized flightless [[Mergini|seaduck]], once common on the [[California]] coast, the California [[Channel Islands (California)|Channel Islands]], and possibly southern [[Oregon]]. It lived in the [[Pleistocene]] and survived into the [[Holocene]]. It appears to have gone extinct at about 450–250 BCE.<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal|doi=10.1073/pnas.0711140105|author=Jones, T.L.|date=2008|title=The protracted Holocene extinction of California's flightless sea duck (''Chendytes lawi'') and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=105|issue=11|pages=4105–4108|pmid=18334640|pmc=2393816|display-authors=etal|url=http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=ssci_fac}}</ref> IThe youngest direct radiocarbon date from a ''Chendytes'' bone fragment dates to 770–400 BCE and was found in an archeological site in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]]. Its remains have been found in fossil deposits and in early coastal archeological sites. Archeological data from coastal California show a record of human exploitation of ''Chendytes lawi'' for at least 8,000 years.<ref name="Jones"/> It was probably driven to extinction by hunting, animal predation, and loss of habitat. Chendytes bones have been identified in archaeological assemblages from 14 coastal sites, including two on [[San Miguel Island (Philippines)|San Miguel]] Island and 12 in mainland localities.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=T. L. Jones, J. F. Porcasi,J. M. Erlandson, H. Dallas, Jr, T. A. Wake and R. Schwaderer|date=2007|title=“The protracted Holocene extinction of California’s flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis”|url=https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/11/4105.full.pdf.|journal=Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA|volume=|pages=|via=Science citation index}}</ref> Hundreds of Chendytes bones and egg shells found in Pleistocene deposits on San Miguel Island have been interpreted as evidence that some of these island fossil localities were nesting colonies, one of which Guthrie dated to �12,000 14C years (�13,500–13,000 calendar years B.P.). <ref>{{Cite journal|last=T. L. Jones, J. F. Porcasi,J. M. Erlandson, H. Dallas, Jr, T. A. Wake and R. Schwaderer|date=2007|title=“The protracted Holocene extinction of California’s flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis|url=https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/11/4105.full.pdf.|journal=Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA|volume=|pages=|via=Science citation index}}</ref>There is nothing in the North American archaeological record indicating a span of exploitation for any megafaunal genus remotely as long as that of ''Chendytes''.<ref name="Jones"/> |
'''''Chendytes lawi''''', commonly called '''Law's diving-goose''', was a goose-sized flightless [[Mergini|seaduck]], once common on the [[California]] coast, the California [[Channel Islands (California)|Channel Islands]], and possibly southern [[Oregon]]. It lived in the [[Pleistocene]] and survived into the [[Holocene]]. It appears to have gone extinct at about 450–250 BCE.<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal|doi=10.1073/pnas.0711140105|author=Jones, T.L.|date=2008|title=The protracted Holocene extinction of California's flightless sea duck (''Chendytes lawi'') and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=105|issue=11|pages=4105–4108|pmid=18334640|pmc=2393816|display-authors=etal|url=http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=ssci_fac}}</ref> IThe youngest direct radiocarbon date from a ''Chendytes'' bone fragment dates to 770–400 BCE and was found in an archeological site in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]]. Its remains have been found in fossil deposits and in early coastal archeological sites. Archeological data from coastal California show a record of human exploitation of ''Chendytes lawi'' for at least 8,000 years.<ref name="Jones"/> It was probably driven to extinction by hunting, animal predation, and loss of habitat. Chendytes bones have been identified in archaeological assemblages from 14 coastal sites, including two on [[San Miguel Island (Philippines)|San Miguel]] Island and 12 in mainland localities.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=T. L. Jones, J. F. Porcasi,J. M. Erlandson, H. Dallas, Jr, T. A. Wake and R. Schwaderer|date=2007|title=“The protracted Holocene extinction of California’s flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis”|url=https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/11/4105.full.pdf.|journal=Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA|volume=|pages=|via=Science citation index}}</ref> Hundreds of Chendytes bones and egg shells found in Pleistocene deposits on San Miguel Island have been interpreted as evidence that some of these island fossil localities were nesting colonies, one of which Guthrie dated to �12,000 14C years (�13,500–13,000 calendar years B.P.). <ref>{{Cite journal|last=T. L. Jones, J. F. Porcasi,J. M. Erlandson, H. Dallas, Jr, T. A. Wake and R. Schwaderer|date=2007|title=“The protracted Holocene extinction of California’s flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis|url=https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/11/4105.full.pdf.|journal=Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA|volume=|pages=|via=Science citation index}}</ref>There is nothing in the North American archaeological record indicating a span of exploitation for any megafaunal genus remotely as long as that of ''Chendytes''.<ref name="Jones"/> |
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Although originally thought to be a seaduck in the tribe Mergini, analysis of ancient DNA sequences suggests that it is a basal member and a sister to the clade of extant [[Anatinae|dabbling duck]]s in the tribe Anatini<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Buckner|first1=Janet C.|last2=Ellingson|first2=Ryan|last3=Gold|first3=David A.|last4=Jones|first4=Terry L.|last5=Jacobs|first5=David K.|date=2018|title=Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=122|pages=102–109|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008|pmid=29247849|issn=1055-7903|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/83878/1/1-s2.0-S1055790317304621-main.pdf}}</ref>, revealing an additional example of convergent evolution of characters related to feeding behavior among ducks<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Buckner, J.C., Ellingson, R., Gold, D.A., Jones, T.L., Jacobs, D.K|date=2017|title=“Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck”|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/83878/1/1-s2.0-S1055790317304621-main.pdf.|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=|pages=|via=Science citation index}}</ref> |
Although originally thought to be a seaduck in the tribe Mergini, analysis of ancient DNA sequences suggests that it is a basal member and a sister to the clade of extant [[Anatinae|dabbling duck]]s in the tribe Anatini<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Buckner|first1=Janet C.|last2=Ellingson|first2=Ryan|last3=Gold|first3=David A.|last4=Jones|first4=Terry L.|last5=Jacobs|first5=David K.|date=2018|title=Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=122|pages=102–109|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008|pmid=29247849|issn=1055-7903|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/83878/1/1-s2.0-S1055790317304621-main.pdf}}</ref>, revealing an additional example of convergent evolution of characters related to feeding behavior among ducks.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Buckner, J.C., Ellingson, R., Gold, D.A., Jones, T.L., Jacobs, D.K|date=2017|title=“Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck”|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/83878/1/1-s2.0-S1055790317304621-main.pdf.|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=|pages=|via=Science citation index}}</ref> |
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Head and beak morphology suggest C. lawi was an [[invertivore]]. Based on the large, robust morphology of the cervical vertebrae, skull, and bill, The C. lawi specialized on sessile invertebrates and the species likely possessed “a remarkable ability to wrench off invertebrate animals attached to hard substrate”.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 02:49, 17 October 2020
| Chendytes Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Chendytes lawi | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Anseriformes |
| Family: | Anatidae |
| Genus: | †Chendytes Miller, 1925 |
| Species: | †C. lawi
|
| Binomial name | |
| †Chendytes lawi | |
Chendytes lawi, commonly called Law's diving-goose, was a goose-sized flightless seaduck, once common on the California coast, the California Channel Islands, and possibly southern Oregon. It lived in the Pleistocene and survived into the Holocene. It appears to have gone extinct at about 450–250 BCE.[2] IThe youngest direct radiocarbon date from a Chendytes bone fragment dates to 770–400 BCE and was found in an archeological site in Ventura County. Its remains have been found in fossil deposits and in early coastal archeological sites. Archeological data from coastal California show a record of human exploitation of Chendytes lawi for at least 8,000 years.[2] It was probably driven to extinction by hunting, animal predation, and loss of habitat. Chendytes bones have been identified in archaeological assemblages from 14 coastal sites, including two on San Miguel Island and 12 in mainland localities.[3] Hundreds of Chendytes bones and egg shells found in Pleistocene deposits on San Miguel Island have been interpreted as evidence that some of these island fossil localities were nesting colonies, one of which Guthrie dated to �12,000 14C years (�13,500–13,000 calendar years B.P.). [4]There is nothing in the North American archaeological record indicating a span of exploitation for any megafaunal genus remotely as long as that of Chendytes.[2]
Although originally thought to be a seaduck in the tribe Mergini, analysis of ancient DNA sequences suggests that it is a basal member and a sister to the clade of extant dabbling ducks in the tribe Anatini[5], revealing an additional example of convergent evolution of characters related to feeding behavior among ducks.[6]
Head and beak morphology suggest C. lawi was an invertivore. Based on the large, robust morphology of the cervical vertebrae, skull, and bill, The C. lawi specialized on sessile invertebrates and the species likely possessed “a remarkable ability to wrench off invertebrate animals attached to hard substrate”.[5]
References
- ^ Miller, Loye H. (1925). "Chendytes, a Diving Goose from the California Pleistocene" (PDF). Condor. 27 (4): 145–147. doi:10.2307/1362992. JSTOR 1362992.
- ^ a b c Jones, T.L.; et al. (2008). "The protracted Holocene extinction of California's flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (11): 4105–4108. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711140105. PMC 2393816. PMID 18334640.
- ^ T. L. Jones, J. F. Porcasi,J. M. Erlandson, H. Dallas, Jr, T. A. Wake and R. Schwaderer (2007). ""The protracted Holocene extinction of California's flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis"". Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA – via Science citation index.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ T. L. Jones, J. F. Porcasi,J. M. Erlandson, H. Dallas, Jr, T. A. Wake and R. Schwaderer (2007). ""The protracted Holocene extinction of California's flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis". Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA – via Science citation index.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Buckner, Janet C.; Ellingson, Ryan; Gold, David A.; Jones, Terry L.; Jacobs, David K. (2018). "Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 122: 102–109. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29247849.
- ^ Buckner, J.C., Ellingson, R., Gold, D.A., Jones, T.L., Jacobs, D.K (2017). ""Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck"". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution – via Science citation index.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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