West Chadic languages: Difference between revisions
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|child3=A.3: [[Angas languages|Angas]] |
|child3=A.3: [[Angas languages|Angas]] |
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|child4=A.4: [[Ron languages|Ron]] |
|child4=A.4: [[Ron languages|Ron]] |
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|child5=B.1 |
|child5=B.1: [[Bade languages|Bade]] |
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|child5=B.2: [[Warji languages|Warji]] |
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|child6=B.3: [[Barawa languages|Barawa]] |
|child6=B.3: [[Barawa languages|Barawa]] |
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|map=West Chadic Languages.jpg |
|map=West Chadic Languages.jpg |
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In addition, [[Poki language|Poki]] is unclassified within West Chadic. |
In addition, [[Poki language|Poki]] is unclassified within West Chadic. |
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==Internal structure== |
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[[George Starostin]]'s (2010) internal classification of West Chadic as presented in Blažek (2010):<ref name="Blažek"/><ref>Starostin, George. 2010. Afroasiatic classification: preliminary results of the modified glottochronological test. Manuscript.</ref> |
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*'''West Chadic''' |
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**West Chadic A |
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***[[Bade languages|Bade-Ngizim]] |
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***Bauchi |
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****[[Warji languages|North Bauchi]] |
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****[[Barawa languages|South Bauchi]] |
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**West Chadic B |
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***[[Hausa–Gwandara languages|Hausa–Gwandara]] |
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***(branch) |
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****[[Ron languages|Ron]] |
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****Bole-Angas |
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*****[[Bole–Tangale languages|Bole–Tangale]] |
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*****[[Angas languages|Angas-Sura]] |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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==Reconstruction== |
==Reconstruction== |
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Although no full reconstruction of West Chadic has been published, reconstructions of numerals for West Chadic and its subgroups have been proposed by [[Václav Blažek]] (2018).<ref>Blažek, Václav. 2018. [https://www.academia.edu/38395395/ChadicWest_Numerals.pdf The numerals of West Chadic]. ''Topics in Chadic Linguistics IX''. Papers from the 8th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, Bayreuth, February 4-5, 2016.</ref> |
Although no full reconstruction of West Chadic has been published, reconstructions of numerals for West Chadic and its subgroups have been proposed by [[Václav Blažek]] (2018).<ref name="Blažek">Blažek, Václav. 2018. [https://www.academia.edu/38395395/ChadicWest_Numerals.pdf The numerals of West Chadic]. ''Topics in Chadic Linguistics IX''. Papers from the 8th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, Bayreuth, February 4-5, 2016.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 19:07, 2 January 2020
| West Chadic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Nigeria, Niger |
| Linguistic classification | Afro-Asiatic
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | west2785 |
 West Chadic per Newman (1977) | |
The West Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken principally in Niger and Nigeria. They include Hausa, the most populous Chadic language and a major language of West Africa.
Languages
The branches of West Chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format.[1]
- Hausa–Gwandara (A.1): Hausa, Gwandara
- Bole–Angas
- Bole–Tangale (A.2)
- Angas (Central West Chadic[2]) (A.3)[3]
- Ron (A.4):[4] Fyer, Tambas, Ron (Bokkos, Daffo-Butura, Mangar, Monguna) Shagawu, Duhwa (Karfa), Kulere (Tof, Richa, Kamwai-Marhai), Mundat, Sha
- Bade–Warji
- Barawa (South Bauchi) (B.3)
In addition, Poki is unclassified within West Chadic.
Internal structure
George Starostin's (2010) internal classification of West Chadic as presented in Blažek (2010):[6][7]
- West Chadic
- West Chadic A
- Bade-Ngizim
- Bauchi
- West Chadic B
- Hausa–Gwandara
- (branch)
- Ron
- Bole-Angas
- West Chadic A
Distribution
Distributions of West Chadic branches:[8]
| Branch | Code | Primary locations |
|---|---|---|
| Hausa–Gwandara | A1 | Northern Nigeria and Niger |
| Bole–Tangale | A2 | Darazo LGA, Bauchi State; Yobe, Taraba, Gombe, Borno states |
| Angas | A3 | Shendam and Mangu LGAs, Plateau State |
| Ron | A4 | Mangu LGA, Plateau State |
| Bade | B1 | Bade LGA, Borno State |
| Warji | B2 | Darazo and Ningi LGAs, Bauchi State |
| Barawa | B3 | Bauchi State (Toro, Dass, Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi LGAs) |
Reconstruction
Although no full reconstruction of West Chadic has been published, reconstructions of numerals for West Chadic and its subgroups have been proposed by Václav Blažek (2018).[6]
References
- ^ Blench, Roger. 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)
- ^ Blench, Roger (2019). "Jakato: an undocumented language of Central Nigeria".
- ^ a b Blench, Roger. 2017. Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages.
- ^ Blench, Roger. Comparative Ron wordlist.
- ^ Blench, Roger. 2012. Linguistic and cultural background to the North Bauchi region and the Wiihə people.
- ^ a b Blažek, Václav. 2018. The numerals of West Chadic. Topics in Chadic Linguistics IX. Papers from the 8th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, Bayreuth, February 4-5, 2016.
- ^ Starostin, George. 2010. Afroasiatic classification: preliminary results of the modified glottochronological test. Manuscript.
- ^ a b Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
External links
- The Yobe Languages Research Project by the late Russell G. Schuh of UCLA
- West Chadic resources at africanlanguages.org
