USS Mount Hood (AE-11): Difference between revisions

History
United States
Name	USS Mount Hood (AE-11)
Namesake	Mount Hood
Builder	North Carolina Shipbuilding Co.; Wilmington, North Carolina;
Laid down	28 September 1943 as SS Marco Polo
Launched	28 November 1943
Sponsored by	Mrs. A. J. Reynolds
Acquired	28 January 1944
Commissioned	1 July 1944
Stricken	11 December 1944
Fate	Exploded on 10 November 1944
General characteristics
Class and type	Template:Sclass- (Type C2-S-AJ1)
Displacement	13,910 long tons (14,130 t)
Length	459 ft 2 in (140 m)
Beam	63 ft (19.2 m)
Draft	28 ft 3 in (8.6 m)
Propulsion	Geared turbine; 1 × shaft; 6,000 shp (4.5 MW);
Speed	16 knots (30 km/h)
Capacity	7,700 long tons (7,800 t) deadweight
Complement	267 officers and enlisted
Armament	1 × 5"/38 caliber dual-purpose gun; 4 × 3"/50 caliber dual purpose guns; 4 × 40 mm AA guns (2x2); 10 × 20 mm AA gun mounts;

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USS Mount Hood (AE-11) was the lead ship of her class of ammunition ships for the United States Navy in World War II. She was the first ship named after Mount Hood, a volcano in the Cascade Range in Oregon. On 10 November 1944, shortly after 18 men had departed for shore leave, the rest of the crew were killed when the ship exploded in Seeadler Harbor at Manus Island in Papua New Guinea. The ship was obliterated while also sinking or severely damaging 22 smaller craft nearby.

Service history

Marco Polo was a cargo ship built under a US Maritime Commission contract (as MC hull 1356), by the North Carolina Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington, N.C..

The ship was renamed Mount Hood on 10 November 1943; launched on 28 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. A. J. Reynolds; acquired by the Navy on loan-charter basis on 28 January 1944; converted by the Norfolk Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Norfolk, Virginia, and the Norfolk Navy Yard; and commissioned on 1 July 1944, Comdr. Harold A. Turner in command.

Following an abbreviated fitting out and shakedown period in the Chesapeake Bay area, ammunition ship Mount Hood reported for duty to ComServFor, Atlantic Fleet, on 5 August 1944. Assigned to carry cargo to the Pacific, she put into Norfolk, where her holds were loaded. On 21 August, as a unit of Task Group 29.6, she transited the Panama Canal on the 27th, and continued on, independently, via Finschafen, New Guinea. Mount Hood arrived at Seeadler Harbor, in Manus Island of the Admiralty Islands, on 22 September. Assigned to ComSoWesPac, she commenced dispensing ammunition and explosives to ships preparing for the Philippine offensive.

Disaster

At 08:30 on 10 November 1944, a party consisting of communications officer, Lt. Lester H. Wallace, and 13 men left the ship and headed for shore. At 08:55, while walking on the beach, they saw a flash from the harbor, followed by two quick explosions. Scrambling into their boat, they headed back to the ship, only to turn around again shortly thereafter as "There was nothing but debris all around..."

Mount Hood, anchored in about 35 ft (11 m) of water,^[1] had exploded with an estimated 3,800 long tons (3,900 t) of ordnance material on board. The initial explosion caused flame and smoke to shoot up from amidships to more than masthead height. Within seconds, the bulk of her cargo detonated with a more intense explosion. Mushrooming smoke rose to 7,000 ft (2,100 m), obscuring the ship and the surrounding area for a radius of approximately 500 yd (460 m). Mount Hood's former position was revealed by a trench in the ocean floor 1,000 ft (300 m) long, 200 ft (61 m) wide, and 30–40 ft (9–12 m) deep.^[1] The largest remaining piece of the hull was found in the trench and measured no bigger than 16 by 10 ft (5 by 3 m). No other remains of Mount Hood were found except fragments of metal which had struck other ships in the harbor and a few tattered pages of a signal notebook found floating in the water several hundred yards away. No human remains were recovered of the 350 men aboard Mount Hood or small boats loading alongside at the time of the explosion.^[1] The only other survivors from the Mount Hood crew were a junior officer and five enlisted men who had left the ship a short time before the explosion. Two of the crew were being transferred to the base brig for trial by court martial; and the remainder of the party were picking up mail at the base post office. Charges against the prisoners were dropped following the explosion.^[2]

The concussion and metal fragments hurled from the ship also caused casualties and damage to ships and small craft within 2,000 yd (1,800 m). The repair ship Mindanao, which was broadside-on to the blast, was the most seriously damaged. All personnel topside on Mindanao were killed outright, and dozens of men were killed or wounded below decks as numerous heavy fragments from Mount Hood penetrated the side plating. Eighty-two of Mindanao's crew died.^[1] The damage to other vessels required more than 100,000 man-hours to repair, while 22 small boats and landing craft were sunk, destroyed, or damaged beyond repair; 371 sailors were injured from all ships in the harbor.

A board convened to examine evidence relating to the disaster was unable to ascertain the exact cause. After only a little over four months' service, Mount Hood was struck from the Naval Register on 11 December 1944.

List of ships damaged

The following ships were damaged by the explosion of Mount Hood:

In addition to the above ships, nine medium landing craft (LCM) and a pontoon barge moored alongside Mount Hood were also destroyed, and 13 small boats or landing craft were sunk or damaged beyond repair.

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gile, February 1963, p.89
^ Gile, February 1963, pp.89-90

References

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
Gile, Chester A. (February 1963). "The Mount Hood Explosion". Proceedings. United States Naval Institute.

External links

Photo gallery of Mount Hood at NavSource Naval History
AE Sailors Association
Selected documents relating to the loss of USS Mount Hood
photos from history.navy.mil
Roll of Honor
Navy Board of Investigation Official Report

2°01′42″S 147°21′18″E / 2.02833°S 147.355°E / -2.02833; 147.355

[Gile,_February_1963,_p.89-1] Gile, February 1963, p.89

[2] Gile, February 1963, pp.89-90

[1]

[2]

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 |Ship class={{sclass-|Mount Hood|ammunition ship|1}} {{nowrap|([[Type C2 ship|Type C2-S-AJ1]])}}
+|Ship displacement={{convert|13910|LT|t|lk=on}}
-|Ship tonnage=
-|Ship displacement=13,910 tons
-|Ship tons burthen=
 |Ship length={{Mount Hood class ammunition ship length}}
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 |Ship capacity={{Mount Hood class ammunition ship capacity}}
 |Ship complement={{Mount Hood class ammunition ship complement}}
 |Ship crew=
-|Ship time to activate=
-|Ship troops=
 |Ship sensors=
+|Ship armament=*1 × [[5"/38 caliber gun|5"/38 caliber]] [[dual-purpose gun]]
-|Ship EW=
-|Ship armament=*1  × [[5"/38 caliber gun|5"/38 caliber]] [[gun mount]]
+*4 × [[3"/50 caliber gun|3"/50 caliber dual purpose gun]]s
-*4 × [[3"/50 caliber gun|3"/50 caliber dual purpose]] gun mount
+*4 × [[Bofors 40 mm gun|40 mm]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AA]] guns (2x2)
-*2 × twin [[Bofors 40 mm gun|40 mm]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AA]] gun mounts
 *10 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20&nbsp;mm]] AA gun mounts
-|Ship armour=
 |Ship armor=
-|Ship aircraft=
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 }}
 |}
-'''USS ''Mount Hood'' (AE-11)''' was the [[lead ship]] of [[Mount Hood class ammunition ship|her class]] of [[ammunition ship]]s for the [[United States Navy]] in [[World War II]]. She was the first ship named after [[Mount Hood]], a volcano in the [[Cascade Range]] in [[Oregon]]. On 10 November 1944, shortly after 18 men had departed for shore leave, the rest of the crew were killed when the ship exploded in [[Seeadler Harbor]] at [[Manus Island]] in [[Papua New Guinea]].  The ship was obliterated while also sinking or severely damaging 22 smaller craft nearby.
+'''USS ''Mount Hood'' (AE-11)''' was the [[lead ship]] of [[Mount Hood class ammunition ship|her class]] of [[ammunition ship]]s for the [[United States Navy]] in [[World War II]]. She was the first ship named after [[Mount Hood]], a volcano in the [[Cascade Range]] in [[Oregon]]. On 10 November 1944, shortly after 18 men had departed for shore leave, the rest of the crew were killed when the ship exploded in [[Seeadler Harbor]] at [[Manus Island]] in [[Papua New Guinea]]. The ship was obliterated while also sinking or severely damaging 22 smaller craft nearby.
-==History==
+==Service history==
 ''Marco Polo'' was a cargo ship built under a [[United States Maritime Commission|US Maritime Commission]] contract (as MC hull 1356), by the [[North Carolina Shipbuilding Co.]], [[Wilmington, N.C.]].
-The ship was renamed ''Mount Hood'', 10 November 1943; launched 28 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. A. J. Reynolds; acquired by the Navy on loan-charter basis, 28 January 1944; converted by the [[Norfolk Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.]], [[Norfolk, Virginia]], and the [[Norfolk Navy Yard]]; and commissioned 1 July 1944, Comdr. Harold A. Turner in command.
+The ship was renamed ''Mount Hood'' on 10 November 1943; launched on 28 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. A. J. Reynolds; acquired by the Navy on loan-charter basis on 28 January 1944; converted by the [[Norfolk Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.]], [[Norfolk, Virginia]], and the [[Norfolk Navy Yard]]; and commissioned on 1 July 1944, Comdr. Harold A. Turner in command.
-Following an abbreviated fitting out and shakedown period in the [[Chesapeake Bay]] area, ammunition ship ''Mount Hood'' reported for duty to ComServFor, Atlantic Fleet, 5 August 1944. Assigned to carry cargo to the Pacific, she put into Norfolk, where her holds were loaded. On 21 August, as a unit of Task Group 29.6, she transited the [[Panama Canal]] on the 27th, and continued on, independently, via [[Finschafen]], [[New Guinea]].  ''Mount Hood'' arrived at [[Seeadler Harbor]], in [[Manus Island]] of the [[Admiralty Islands]], on 22 September.  Assigned to ComSoWesPac, she commenced dispensing ammunition and explosives to ships preparing for the Philippine offensive.
+Following an abbreviated fitting out and shakedown period in the [[Chesapeake Bay]] area, ammunition ship ''Mount Hood'' reported for duty to ComServFor, Atlantic Fleet, on 5 August 1944. Assigned to carry cargo to the Pacific, she put into Norfolk, where her holds were loaded. On 21 August, as a unit of Task Group 29.6, she transited the [[Panama Canal]] on the 27th, and continued on, independently, via [[Finschafen]], [[New Guinea]]. ''Mount Hood'' arrived at [[Seeadler Harbor]], in [[Manus Island]] of the [[Admiralty Islands]], on 22 September. Assigned to ComSoWesPac, she commenced dispensing ammunition and explosives to ships preparing for the Philippine offensive.
-==Disaster==
+===Disaster===
-At 08:30, 10 November 1944, a party consisting of communications officer, Lt. Lester H. Wallace, and 13 men left the ship and headed for shore. At 08:55, while walking on the beach, they saw a flash from the harbor, followed by two quick explosions. Scrambling into their boat, they headed back to the ship, only to turn around again shortly thereafter as "There was nothing but debris all around..."
+At 08:30 on 10 November 1944, a party consisting of communications officer, Lt. Lester H. Wallace, and 13 men left the ship and headed for shore. At 08:55, while walking on the beach, they saw a flash from the harbor, followed by two quick explosions. Scrambling into their boat, they headed back to the ship, only to turn around again shortly thereafter as "There was nothing but debris all around..."
 [[File:USS Mount Hood (AE-11) explodes at Seeadler Harbor on 10 November 1944.jpg|left|thumb|''Mount Hood'' explodes: the smoke trails are left by fragments ejected by the explosion.]]
-''Mount Hood'', anchored in about {{convert|35|ft|m}} of water,<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89">Gile, February 1963, p.89</ref> had exploded with an estimated 3,800 tons of ordnance material on board. The initial explosion caused flame and smoke to shoot up from amidships to more than masthead height. Within seconds, the bulk of her cargo detonated with a more intense explosion. Mushrooming smoke rose to {{convert|7000|ft|m|-2}}, obscuring the ship and the surrounding area for a radius of approximately {{convert|500|yd|m|-2}}. ''Mount Hood's'' former position was revealed by a trench in the ocean floor {{convert|1000|ft|m|-2}} long, {{convert|200|ft|m|-1}} wide, and {{convert|30|to|40|ft|m|0}} deep.<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89"/> The largest remaining piece of the hull was found in the trench and measured no bigger than {{convert|16|by|10|ft|m|0}}.  No other remains of ''Mount Hood'' were found except fragments of metal which had struck other ships in the harbor and a few tattered pages of a signal notebook found floating in the water several hundred yards away.  No human remains were recovered of the 350 men aboard ''Mount Hood'' or small boats loading alongside at the time of the explosion.<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89"/>  The only other survivors from the ''Mount Hood'' crew were a junior officer and five enlisted men who had left the ship a short time before the explosion. Two of the crew were being transferred to the base brig for trial by court martial; and the remainder of the party were picking up mail at the base post office. Charges against the prisoners were dropped following the explosion.<ref>Gile, February 1963, pp.89-90</ref>
+''Mount Hood'', anchored in about {{cvt|35|ft|m}} of water,<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89">Gile, February 1963, p.89</ref> had exploded with an estimated {{convert|3800|LT|t}} of ordnance material on board. The initial explosion caused flame and smoke to shoot up from amidships to more than masthead height. Within seconds, the bulk of her cargo detonated with a more intense explosion. Mushrooming smoke rose to {{cvt|7000|ft|m}}, obscuring the ship and the surrounding area for a radius of approximately {{cvt|500|yd|m}}. ''Mount Hood''{{'}}s former position was revealed by a trench in the ocean floor {{cvt|1000|ft|m}} long, {{cvt|200|ft|m}} wide, and {{cvt|30|-|40|ft|m|0}} deep.<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89"/> The largest remaining piece of the hull was found in the trench and measured no bigger than {{cvt|16|by|10|ft|m|0}}. No other remains of ''Mount Hood'' were found except fragments of metal which had struck other ships in the harbor and a few tattered pages of a signal notebook found floating in the water several hundred yards away. No human remains were recovered of the 350 men aboard ''Mount Hood'' or small boats loading alongside at the time of the explosion.<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89"/> The only other survivors from the ''Mount Hood'' crew were a junior officer and five enlisted men who had left the ship a short time before the explosion. Two of the crew were being transferred to the base brig for trial by court martial; and the remainder of the party were picking up mail at the base post office. Charges against the prisoners were dropped following the explosion.<ref>Gile, February 1963, pp.89-90</ref>
-The concussion and metal fragments hurled from the ship also caused casualties and damage to ships and small craft within {{convert|2000|yd|m|-2}}. The repair ship [[USS Mindanao (ARG-3)|''Mindanao'']], which was broadside-on to the blast, was the most seriously damaged.  All personnel topside on ''Mindanao'' were killed outright, and dozens of men were killed or wounded below decks as numerous heavy fragments from ''Mount Hood'' penetrated the side plating.  Eighty-two of ''Mindanao'''s crew died.<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89"/>  The damage to other vessels required more than 100,000 man-hours to repair, while 22 small boats and landing craft were sunk, destroyed, or damaged beyond repair; 371 sailors were injured from all ships in the harbor.
+The concussion and metal fragments hurled from the ship also caused casualties and damage to ships and small craft within {{cvt|2000|yd|m}}. The repair ship {{USS|Mindanao|ARG-3|2}}, which was broadside-on to the blast, was the most seriously damaged. All personnel topside on ''Mindanao'' were killed outright, and dozens of men were killed or wounded below decks as numerous heavy fragments from ''Mount Hood'' penetrated the side plating. Eighty-two of ''Mindanao''{{'}}s crew died.<ref name="Gile, February 1963, p.89"/> The damage to other vessels required more than 100,000 man-hours to repair, while 22 small boats and landing craft were sunk, destroyed, or damaged beyond repair; 371 sailors were injured from all ships in the harbor.
-A board convened to examine evidence relating to the disaster was unable to ascertain the exact cause.  After only a little over four months' service, ''Mount Hood'' was struck from the Naval Register on 11 December 1944.
+A board convened to examine evidence relating to the disaster was unable to ascertain the exact cause. After only a little over four months' service, ''Mount Hood'' was struck from the Naval Register on 11 December 1944.
 ==List of ships damaged==
 The following ships were damaged by the explosion of ''Mount Hood'':
 {{div col|colwidth=15em}}
-* {{USS|Abarenda|IX-131}}
+* {{USS|Abarenda|IX-131|2}}
-* {{USS|Alhena|AKA-9}}
+* {{USS|Alhena|AKA-9|2}}
-* {{USS|Argonne|AG-31}}
+* {{USS|Argonne|AG-31|2}}
-* {{USS|Aries|AK-51}}
+* {{USS|Aries|AK-51|2}}
-* {{USS|Cacapon|AO-52}}
+* {{USS|Cacapon|AO-52|2}}
-* {{USS|Cebu|ARG-6}}
+* {{USS|Cebu|ARG-6|2}}
-* {{USS|Kyne|DE-744}}
+* {{USS|Kyne|DE-744|2}}
-* {{USS|Lyman|DE-302}}
+* {{USS|Lyman|DE-302|2}}
-* {{USS|Mindanao|ARG-3}}
+* {{USS|Mindanao|ARG-3|2}}
-* {{USS|Oberrender|DE-344}}
+* {{USS|Oberrender|DE-344|2}}
-* {{USS|Petrof Bay|CVE-80}}
+* {{USS|Petrof Bay|CVE-80|2}}
-* {{USS|Piedmont|AD-17}}
+* {{USS|Piedmont|AD-17|2}}
-* {{USS|Potawatomi|ATF-109}}
+* {{USS|Potawatomi|ATF-109|2}}
-* {{USS|Preserver|ARS-8}}
+* {{USS|Preserver|ARS-8|2}}
-* {{USS|Saginaw Bay|CVE-82}}
+* {{USS|Saginaw Bay|CVE-82|2}}
-* {{USS|Talbot|APD-7}}
+* {{USS|Talbot|APD-7|2}}
-* {{USS|Walter C. Wann|DE-412}}
+* {{USS|Walter C. Wann|DE-412|2}}
-* {{USS|Young|DD-580}}
+* {{USS|Young|DD-580|2}}
-* {{USS|YF-681}}
+* {{USS|YF-681||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-1}}
+* {{USS|YMS-1||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-140}}
+* {{USS|YMS-140||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-238}}
+* {{USS|YMS-238||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-243}}
+* {{USS|YMS-243||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-286}}
+* {{USS|YMS-286||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-293}}
+* {{USS|YMS-293||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-319}}
+* {{USS|YMS-319||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-335}}
+* {{USS|YMS-335||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-340}}
+* {{USS|YMS-340||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-341}}
+* {{USS|YMS-341||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-342}}
+* {{USS|YMS-342||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-39}}
+* {{USS|YMS-39||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-49}}
+* {{USS|YMS-49||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-52}}
+* {{USS|YMS-52||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-71}}
+* {{USS|YMS-71||2}}
-* {{USS|YMS-81}}
+* {{USS|YMS-81||2}}
-* {{USS|YO-77}}
+* {{USS|YO-77||2}}
 {{div col end}}
-[[Image:Aerial view of USS Mindanao (ARG-3) after the explosion of USS Mount Hood (AE-11) at Seeadler Harbor on 10 November 1944.jpg|thumb|Explosion of USS ''Mount Hood'' (AE-11) in Seeadler Harbor, Manus, Admiralty Islands, 10 November 1944. Small craft gathered around USS ''Mindanao'' (ARG-3) during salvage and rescue efforts shortly after ''Mount Hood'' blew up about 350 yards away from ''Mindanao's'' port side. ''Mindanao'', and seven motor minesweepers (YMS) moored to her starboard side, were damaged by the blast, as were the [[USS Alhena (AKA-9)|USS ''Alhena'' (AKA-9)]] (in the photo's top left center) and [[USS Oberrender (DE-344)|USS ''Oberrender'' (DE-344)]], (top right). Note the extensive oil slick, with tracks through it made by small craft.]]
+[[Image:Aerial view of USS Mindanao (ARG-3) after the explosion of USS Mount Hood (AE-11) at Seeadler Harbor on 10 November 1944.jpg|thumb|Explosion of ''Mount Hood'' in Seeadler Harbor, Manus, Admiralty Islands, 10 November 1944. Small craft gathered around {{USS|Mindanao|ARG-3|2}} during salvage and rescue efforts shortly after ''Mount Hood'' blew up about 350 yards away from ''Mindanao's'' port side. ''Mindanao'', and seven motor minesweepers (YMS) moored to her starboard side, were damaged by the blast, as were the {{USS|Alhena|AKA-9|2}} (in the photo's top left center) and {{USS|Oberrender|DE-344|2}}, (top right). Note the extensive oil slick, with tracks through it made by small craft.]]
 In addition to the above ships, nine medium landing craft (LCM) and a pontoon barge moored alongside ''Mount Hood'' were also destroyed, and 13 small boats or landing craft were sunk or damaged beyond repair.

v t e Mount Hood-class ammunition ships
Mount Hood Wrangell Firedrake Vesuvius Mount Katmai Great Sitkin Paricutin Diamond Head
Preceded by: USS Sangay Followed by: USS Fomalhaut
List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1944
Shipwrecks	1 Nov: USS Abner Read, TA20, HMS Whitaker 2 Nov: Fort Lee 3 Nov: Akikaze 5 Nov: Kiebitz, Nachi, PB-107, TA21 7 Nov: USS Albacore, HM LST-420 8 Nov: USS Growler 9 Nov: U-537 10 Nov: Gokoku Maru, USS Mount Hood 11 Nov: Hamanami, Naganami, USS Scamp, Shimakaze, U-771, U-1200, Wakatsuki 12 Nov: HMAS Marlean, Tirpitz 13 Nov: Akebono, Akishimo, Hatsuharu, Hatsu Maru, I-12, I-38, Kiso, Okinami 17 Nov: USS LST-6, Mayasan Maru, NKI 01, Shin'yō (ex-Scharnhorst) 18 Nov: I-41, Seisho Maru 20 Nov: USS Mississinewa, HMAS ML 827 21 Nov: Kongō, Urakaze 22 Nov: Hokkai Maru, HMS Stratagem 24 Nov: Hansa 25 Nov: Kumano, HMCS Shawinigan, Shimotsuki, Sumida, U-482, Yasoshima 27 Nov: Rigel 28 Nov: U-80, PB-105, Yu 2 29 Nov: Fushimi, I-365, Shinano Unknown date: Mogador, U-479, U-1020
Other incidents	10 Nov: USS Abarenda, USS Alhena, USS Argonne, USS Aries, USS Cacapon, USS Cebu, HMS Hydra, USS Kyne, USS Lyman, USS Mindanao, USS Oberrender, USS Petrof Bay, USS Piedmont, USS Potawatomi, USS Preserver, USS Saginaw Bay, USS Talbot, USS Walter C. Wann, USS YMS-238, USS Young 13 Nov: U-1052 17 Nov: HMAS ML 827, Seisho Maru 23 Nov: Gus W. Darnell 27 Nov: USS Gar 28 Nov: USS Spearfish 30 Nov: HMS Duff
1943 1944 1945 October 1944 December 1944