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Harukichi Shimoi (下位春吉 Shimoi Harukichi) (Fukuoka, October 20, 1883 – December, 1954) was a Japanese poet and writer.

Biography

Born as Harukichi Inoue, he later adopted the surname of his wife when they married in 1907.^[1] He finished his studies in Japan, and had the occasion to meet Bin Ueda, by whom he was profoundly influenced. Shimoi then moved to Italy to study Dante, becoming a Japanese teacher at the Naples Eastern University.

In 1917, he enlisted in the Italian army during World World I, and committed himself to fighting against the Central Powers. Harukichi became an Ardito, teaching his fellow soldiers some karate.

Using his diplomatic passport that allowed him great freedom of movement, Shimoi acted after the war as a liaison for secret mails between Gabriele D'Annunzio, then regent of Fiume, and Benito Mussolini, at the time the head of the Italian Fasci di Combattimento and editor of Il Popolo d'Italia . Shimoi was, among other things, one of the people first entering the Fiume Endeavour of the Italian poet. D'Annunzio nicknamed Shimoi "comrade Samurai" and "the Samurai of Fiume". Together they promoted and organized the Rome-Tokyo flight performed by the aviator Arturo Ferrarin.

Returning to Naples in 1920, he founded the Japanese literature magazine Sakura, that would be published until March of the following year for a total of five issues. In 1934 he served as an interpreter to the founder of Judo, Jigoro Kano, while he was staying in Italy. The translated interviews given by Kano were a mainspring for the development of such discipline in Italy.

Getting back to his homeland, Shimoi helped the Italian Embassy in Tokyo to stop the pro-Ethiopian activities of the Japanese rightist clubs during the war in Ethiopia. Shimoi was one of the best known Japanese supporters of Italian fascism, seeing some analogies between the fascist principles and the traditional values of Japanese culture, especially the Bushido. He argued that fascism was a natural ramification of the risorgimento, and that its role was to be a "spiritual movement" that would make Italians identify as being part of the new nation. While being a supporter of fascism in Italy, Shimoi didn't ever promote it in Japan, considering such movement an Italian cultural phenomenon.

After the second World War, Shimoi met and became friends with Indro Montanelli, who arrived in Japan to work on a series of reportages. Shimoi became his guide around the country.

Literary work

Shimoi translated numerous works from Japanese into Italian and vice versa. He translated works by a number of Japanese authors like Akiko Yosano and Matsuo Basho, while his translations into Japanese included D'Annunzio and Dante. In 1920, Shimoi even promoted the construction of a temple dedicated to him in Tokyo. Some of his works include Shinto Ponpeo or tou tame ni (1926), dedicated to the ruins of the Roman city of Pompeii, and The Italian war seen by a Japanese (1919).

References

^ Shimoi Harukichi and Italian fascism - On His Relations with D'Annunzio, Mussolini and Japanese Society (PDF), in Fukuokakokusaidaigaku kiyō, nº 25, 2011, pp. 53-66

Reto Hofmann, Mediator of fascism: Shimoi Harukichi, 1915–1928, in The Fascist Effect: Japan and Italy, 1915–1952, Cornell University Press, 2015
Shimoi Harukichi and Italian fascism - On His Relations with D'Annunzio, Mussolini and Japanese Society (PDF), in Fukuokakokusaidaigaku kiyō, nº 25, 2011, pp. 53–66
Dai giapponesi lodi agli assalti di Cadorna, in Il Piccolo, 18 gennaio 2012
Mario Vattani, Con eliche di legno e ali di stoffa verso il Sol Levante, in Il Giornale d'Italia, 31 maggio 2013
Gabriele D'Annunzio. Un mito nel Giappone del '900, in Corriere Adriatico, 3 novembre 2013. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
Stefano Carrer, L'Università di Tokyo celebra Gabriele D'Annunzio, ideatore del primo raid aereo Roma-Tokyo del pilota Arturo Ferrarin, in Il Sole 24 ORE, novembre 2013. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
Ferrarin, Arturo, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Storia dello Judo, in Aikidoedintorni.com. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
Valdo Ferretti, Il Giappone e la politica estera italiana, 1935–1941, Giuffrè Editore, 1995, p. 59
Hofmann, The Fascist Effect
Giuliano Bertuccioli, Giappone, in Enciclopedia Dantesca, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 1970

[1] Shimoi Harukichi and Italian fascism - On His Relations with D'Annunzio, Mussolini and Japanese Society (PDF), in Fukuokakokusaidaigaku kiyō, nº 25, 2011, pp. 53-66

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{refimprove|date=February 2016}}
 [[File:Harukichi Shimoi.jpg|thumb|right|Shimoi Harukichi]]
-'''Harukichi Shimoi''' (下位春吉 ''Shimoi Harukichi'') (Fukuoka, October 20, 1883 – December, 1954) was a Japanese poet and writer.
+'''Harukichi Shimoi''' (下位春吉 ''Shimoi Harukichi'') ([[Fukuoka]], October 20, 1883 – December, 1954) was a [[Japan]]ese poet and writer.
 == Biography ==
+Born as ''Harukichi Inoue'', he later adopted the surname of his wife when they married in 1907.<ref>''Shimoi Harukichi and Italian fascism - On His Relations with D'Annunzio, Mussolini and Japanese Society'' (PDF), in Fukuokakokusaidaigaku kiyō, nº 25, 2011, pp. 53-66</ref> He finished his studies in Japan, and had the occasion to meet [[Bin Ueda]], by whom he was profoundly influenced. Shimoi then moved to Italy to study [[Dante]], becoming a [[Japanese language|Japanese]] teacher at the [[Naples Eastern University]].
+In 1917, he enlisted in the Italian army during [[World World I]], and committed himself to fighting against the [[Central Powers]]. Harukichi became an [[Arditi|Ardito]], teaching his fellow soldiers some [[karate]].
-Born Harukichi Inoue, he adopted the surname of his wife when they married in 1907.<ref>Shimoi Harukichi and Italian fascism - On His Relations with D'Annunzio, Mussolini and Japanese Society (PDF), in Fukuokakokusaidaigaku kiyō, nº 25, 2011, pp. 53-66</ref> After finishing his studies in Japan, when he met and was influenced by Bin Ueda, Shimoi moved to Italy to study Dante. He consequently became a Japanese teacher at the Istituto Universitario Orientale in Naples.
+Using his diplomatic passport that allowed him great freedom of movement, Shimoi acted after the war as a liaison for secret mails between [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], then regent of Fiume, and [[Benito Mussolini]], at the time the head of the ''Italian Fasci di Combattimento'' and editor of '' Il Popolo d'Italia ''. Shimoi was, among other things, one of the people first entering the [[Regency of Carnaro|Fiume Endeavour]] of the Italian poet. D'Annunzio nicknamed Shimoi "comrade Samurai" and "the Samurai of Fiume". Together they promoted and organized the Rome-Tokyo flight performed by the aviator [[Arturo Ferrarin]].
-In 1917, during World War I he enlisted in the Italian army, committed to fight against the Central Powers, and became an [[Arditi|Ardito]], teaching his fellow soldiers the art of karate.
+Returning to Naples in 1920, he founded the Japanese literature magazine ''Sakura'', that would be published until March of the following year for a total of five issues. In 1934 he served as an interpreter to the founder of [[Judo]], [[Jigoro Kano]], while he was staying in Italy. The translated interviews given by Kano were a mainspring for the development of such discipline in Italy.
-Using his diplomatic passport that allowed him great freedom of movement, after the war Shimoi acted as a liaison for secret mails between Gabriele D'Annunzio, regent of Fiume and Benito Mussolini, at the time the head of the ''Italian Fasci di Combattimento'' and editor of Il Popolo d'Italia. Shimoi was, among other things, among those who first entered the [[Regency of Carnaro|Fiume Endeavour]] of the Italian poet. D'Annunzio dubbed Shimoi "comrade Samurai" and "the Samurai of Fiume". Together they promoted and organized the legendary Rome-Tokyo flight performed by pioneer aviator Arturo Ferrarin.
+Getting back to his homeland, Shimoi helped the Italian Embassy in Tokyo to stop the pro-[[Ethiopia]]n activities of the Japanese rightist clubs during the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|war in Ethiopia]]. Shimoi was one of the best known Japanese supporters of Italian fascism, seeing some analogies between the fascist principles and the traditional values of Japanese culture, especially the [[Bushido]]. He argued that fascism was a natural ramification of the [[risorgimento]], and that its role was to be a "spiritual movement" that would make Italians identify as being part of the new nation. While being a supporter of fascism in Italy, Shimoi didn't ever promote it in Japan, considering such movement an Italian cultural phenomenon.
-Returning to Naples in 1920, he founded the Japanese literature magazine '' Sakura'', which will be published until March of the following year, for a total of five issues. In 1934 he served as an interpreter to the founder of Judo, Jigoro Kano, while he was staying in Italy. The translated interviews given by Kano were a mainspring for the development of this discipline in Italy.
+After the second World War, Shimoi met and became friends with [[Indro Montanelli]], who arrived in Japan to work on a series of reportages. Shimoi became his guide around the country.
-Returning to his homeland, Shimoi helped the Italian Embassy in Tokyo stop the activities pro-Ethiopia of the Japanese right associations during the war in Ethiopia. Shimoi was one of the best known Japanese supporters of fascism, seeing the analogy between the fascist principles and the values typical of the Japanese culture, in particular the [[Bushido]]. He argued that fascism was a natural consequence of the [[risorgimento]], and that his role was to be a "spiritual movement" that would make Italians united in their nation. Supporter of Italian fascism, Shimoi never became a fascist within Japan, considering the movement as a purely Italian cultural phenomenon.
-After the second World War Shimoi met and became a friend with [[Indro Montanelli]], who arrived in Japan to work on a series of reportages. Shimoi became his guide around the country.
 == Literary work ==
+Shimoi translated numerous works from Japanese into Italian and vice versa. He translated works by a number of Japanese authors like [[Akiko Yosano]] and [[Matsuo Basho]], while his translations into Japanese included D'Annunzio and Dante. In 1920, Shimoi even promoted the construction of a temple dedicated to him in Tokyo. Some of his works include ''Shinto Ponpeo or tou tame ni'' (1926), dedicated to the ruins of the Roman city of [[Pompeii]], and ''The Italian war seen by a Japanese'' (1919).
-Shimoi translated numerous works from Japanese to Italian and vice versa. Translated from the Japanese among others poets Akiko Yosano and Matsuo Basho, while among Italians authors he translated are included D'Annunzio and Dante. Shimoi even promoted in 1920 even the construction of a temple dedicated to him in Tokyo.
-Some of his work comprehend ''Shinto Ponpeo or tou tame ni'' (1926), dedicated to the ruins of the Roman city of Pompeii and ''The Italian war seen by a Japanese'' (1919).
 == References ==
@@ Line 26: / Line 23: @@
 ==Further reading==
-Reto Hofmann, Mediator of fascism: Shimoi Harukichi, 1915–1928, in The Fascist Effect: Japan and Italy, 1915–1952, Cornell University Press, 2015
+*Reto Hofmann, Mediator of fascism: Shimoi Harukichi, 1915–1928, in The Fascist Effect: Japan and Italy, 1915–1952, Cornell University Press, 2015
+*Shimoi Harukichi and Italian fascism - On His Relations with D'Annunzio, Mussolini and Japanese Society (PDF), in Fukuokakokusaidaigaku kiyō, nº 25, 2011, pp.&nbsp;53–66
+*Dai giapponesi lodi agli assalti di Cadorna, in Il Piccolo, 18 gennaio 2012
-Shimoi Harukichi and Italian fascism - On His Relations with D'Annunzio, Mussolini and Japanese Society (PDF), in Fukuokakokusaidaigaku kiyō, nº 25, 2011, pp.&nbsp;53–66
+*Mario Vattani, Con eliche di legno e ali di stoffa verso il Sol Levante, in Il Giornale d'Italia, 31 maggio 2013
+*Gabriele D'Annunzio. Un mito nel Giappone del '900, in Corriere Adriatico, 3 novembre 2013. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
-Dai giapponesi lodi agli assalti di Cadorna, in Il Piccolo, 18 gennaio 2012
+*Stefano Carrer, L'Università di Tokyo celebra Gabriele D'Annunzio, ideatore del primo raid aereo Roma-Tokyo del pilota Arturo Ferrarin, in Il Sole 24 ORE, novembre 2013. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
+*Ferrarin, Arturo, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
-Mario Vattani, Con eliche di legno e ali di stoffa verso il Sol Levante, in Il Giornale d'Italia, 31 maggio 2013
+*Storia dello Judo, in Aikidoedintorni.com. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
+*Valdo Ferretti, Il Giappone e la politica estera italiana, 1935–1941, Giuffrè Editore, 1995, p.&nbsp;59
-Gabriele D'Annunzio. Un mito nel Giappone del '900, in Corriere Adriatico, 3 novembre 2013. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
+*Hofmann, The Fascist Effect
+*Giuliano Bertuccioli, Giappone, in Enciclopedia Dantesca, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 1970
-Stefano Carrer, L'Università di Tokyo celebra Gabriele D'Annunzio, ideatore del primo raid aereo Roma-Tokyo del pilota Arturo Ferrarin, in Il Sole 24 ORE, novembre 2013. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
-FERRARIN, Arturo, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
-Storia dello Judo, in Aikidoedintorni.com. URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2014
-Valdo Ferretti, Il Giappone e la politica estera italiana, 1935–1941, Giuffrè Editore, 1995, p.&nbsp;59
-Hofmann, The Fascist Effect
-Giuliano Bertuccioli, Giappone, in Enciclopedia Dantesca, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 1970
 {{improve categories|date=February 2016}}