Digambara Jain temple, Khandagiri: Difference between revisions
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'''Digambara Jaina Temple''' (Lat 20° 15’ 74” N., Long- 85° 47’ 08” E., Elev-287 ft) is a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Bhubaneswar]], in the state of Odisha, India. The temple is situated on the top of the hill [[Khandagiri]] that is |
'''Digambara Jaina Temple''' (Lat 20° 15’ 74” N., Long- 85° 47’ 08” E., Elev-287 ft) is a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Bhubaneswar]], in the state of Odisha, India. The temple is situated on the top of the hill [[Khandagiri]] that is honeycombed with a series of rock-cut Jaina caves, commissioned by King Kharavela in 1st century BCE. The rock-cut caves are protected by [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. The enshrining deities are a series of Jaina tirthankara images. |
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deities are a series of Jaina tirthankara images. |
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==Ownership== |
==Ownership== |
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The temple is maintained by the Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambara Jaina Tirthankara Committee. Bimala Devi Jain is the local caretaker. |
The temple is maintained by the Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambara Jaina Tirthankara Committee. Bimala Devi Jain is the local caretaker.{{Citation needed}} |
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==Age== |
==Age== |
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From the architectural features of the temple, it is concluded that the original temple was constructed |
From the architectural features of the temple, it is concluded that the original temple was constructed earlier but the present temple is made out of building materials of the earlier temple may be dated to 19th century CE.{{Citation needed}} |
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==Property type== |
==Property type== |
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==Significance== |
==Significance== |
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Local legends ascribe the temple to ''Mahameghabahana'' Kharavela of 1st century BCE. This |
Local legends ascribe the temple to ''Mahameghabahana'' Kharavela of 1st century BCE. This legend is not supported by the architectural features. |
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==Physical description== |
==Physical description== |
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The temple, which faces east, is |
The temple, which faces east, is next to the Rushavanath temple in the south at a distance of 3.50 metres, a northern compound wall at a distance of 2.50 metres and western compound wall at a distance of 11.50 metres. |
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11.50 metres. |
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'''Architectural features (Plan and Elevation):''' The temple stands on a |
'''Architectural features (Plan and Elevation):''' The temple stands on a platform that measures 16.00 metres in length x 9.50 metres in width with a height of 1.62 metres. On plan, the temple has a [[vimana]] and a [[jagamohana]]. The vimana measures 8.25 square metres and jagamohana measures 6.40 metres in length and 9.40 metres in breadth. This temple is [[Ratha (architecture)|triratha]] on plan. It is distinguished by central raha and kanika pagas on either sides. On elevation, the vimana is pidha deula that measures 5.80 metres in height from pabhaga to mastaka. The temple has panchanga bada. From bottom to top the temple has a pabhaga, talajangha, bandhana, upara jangha, baranda, gandi and mastaka. The pabhaga measures 0.47 metres, talajangha 0.42 metres, bandhana 0.16 metres, upara jangha 0.40 metres and baranda 0.45 metres. The gandi measures 1.80 meters with seven receding tiers arranged in two sets (potala); lower potala has four tiers and upper potala with three tiers and mastaka measures 2.10 metres. |
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'''Raha niche & parsva devatas:''' There are no parsvadevata niches and the walls are plain and without |
'''Raha niche & parsva devatas:''' There are no parsvadevata niches and the walls are plain and without sculptural embellishments. The northern side wall has a balustrated window and this window is decorated with a series of ''pidha mundi''. |
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'''Decorative features:''' |
'''Decorative features:''' |
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Doorjambs: There are two doorways in north and east. The eastern doorjambs measure 2.88 metres x 1.56 metres, which is carved with khakhara mundi niches at the base. The northern doorjambs measure 2.20 metres x 1.04 metres. |
Doorjambs: There are two doorways in north and east. The eastern doorjambs measure 2.88 metres x 1.56 metres, which is carved with khakhara mundi niches at the base. The northern doorjambs measure 2.20 metres x 1.04 metres. |
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'''Building material:''' |
'''Building material:''' Sandstone <br /> |
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'''Construction techniques:''' Dry masonry <br /> |
'''Construction techniques:''' Dry masonry <br /> |
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'''Style:''' ''Kalingan'' |
'''Style:''' ''Kalingan'' |
Revision as of 07:37, 6 August 2014
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Digambar Jain Temple, Khandagiri | |
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![]() Digambar Jain Temple, Khandagiri | |
Religion | |
Governing body | Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambar Jain Tirthkshetra Committee |
Location | |
Country | India |
Digambara Jaina Temple (Lat 20° 15’ 74” N., Long- 85° 47’ 08” E., Elev-287 ft) is a Jain temple in Bhubaneswar, in the state of Odisha, India. The temple is situated on the top of the hill Khandagiri that is honeycombed with a series of rock-cut Jaina caves, commissioned by King Kharavela in 1st century BCE. The rock-cut caves are protected by Archaeological Survey of India. The enshrining deities are a series of Jaina tirthankara images.
Ownership
The temple is maintained by the Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambara Jaina Tirthankara Committee. Bimala Devi Jain is the local caretaker.[citation needed]
Age
From the architectural features of the temple, it is concluded that the original temple was constructed earlier but the present temple is made out of building materials of the earlier temple may be dated to 19th century CE.[citation needed]
Property type
Precinct/ Building/ Structure/Landscape/Site/Tank: precinct
Sub type: Temple
Typology: Pidha Deula
Property use
Abandoned/ in use: In use
Present use: Living Temple
Past use: Worshiped
Significance
Local legends ascribe the temple to Mahameghabahana Kharavela of 1st century BCE. This legend is not supported by the architectural features.
Physical description
The temple, which faces east, is next to the Rushavanath temple in the south at a distance of 3.50 metres, a northern compound wall at a distance of 2.50 metres and western compound wall at a distance of 11.50 metres.
Architectural features (Plan and Elevation): The temple stands on a platform that measures 16.00 metres in length x 9.50 metres in width with a height of 1.62 metres. On plan, the temple has a vimana and a jagamohana. The vimana measures 8.25 square metres and jagamohana measures 6.40 metres in length and 9.40 metres in breadth. This temple is triratha on plan. It is distinguished by central raha and kanika pagas on either sides. On elevation, the vimana is pidha deula that measures 5.80 metres in height from pabhaga to mastaka. The temple has panchanga bada. From bottom to top the temple has a pabhaga, talajangha, bandhana, upara jangha, baranda, gandi and mastaka. The pabhaga measures 0.47 metres, talajangha 0.42 metres, bandhana 0.16 metres, upara jangha 0.40 metres and baranda 0.45 metres. The gandi measures 1.80 meters with seven receding tiers arranged in two sets (potala); lower potala has four tiers and upper potala with three tiers and mastaka measures 2.10 metres.
Raha niche & parsva devatas: There are no parsvadevata niches and the walls are plain and without sculptural embellishments. The northern side wall has a balustrated window and this window is decorated with a series of pidha mundi.
Decorative features: Doorjambs: There are two doorways in north and east. The eastern doorjambs measure 2.88 metres x 1.56 metres, which is carved with khakhara mundi niches at the base. The northern doorjambs measure 2.20 metres x 1.04 metres.
Building material: Sandstone
Construction techniques: Dry masonry
Style: Kalingan
State of preservation
Good/Fair/ Showing Signs of Deterioration/Advanced: Fair
Grade (A/B/C)
Architecture: B
Historic: C
Associational: A
Social/Cultural: B
Threats to the property
Conservation Problem and Remedies:
Compound wall: There is a compound wall covering the precinct.
References
- ^ Pradhan, Sadasiba (2009). Lesser Known Monuments Of Bhubaneswar. Bhubaneswar: Lark Books. pp. 1–2. ISBN 81-7375-164-1.
- ^ Cultural Informatics Laboratory. "Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts". Ignca.nic.in. Retrieved 2014-08-06.