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'''Digambara Jaina Temple''' (Lat 20° 15’ 74” N., Long- 85° 47’ 08” E., Elev-287 ft) is a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Bhubaneswar]], in the state of Odisha, India. The temple is situated on the top of the hill [[Khandagiri]] that is honey-combed with a series of rock-cut Jaina caves, those were commissioned by King Kharavela in 1st century BCE. The rock-cut caves are protected by Archaeological Survey of India, but the present Digambara temple is maintained by the Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambara Jaina Tirthankara Committee. This temple faces east. The enshrining
'''Digambara Jaina Temple''' (Lat 20° 15’ 74” N., Long- 85° 47’ 08” E., Elev-287 ft) is a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Bhubaneswar]], in the state of Odisha, India. The temple is situated on the top of the hill [[Khandagiri]] that is honeycombed with a series of rock-cut Jaina caves, commissioned by King Kharavela in 1st century BCE. The rock-cut caves are protected by [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. The enshrining deities are a series of Jaina tirthankara images.
deities are a series of Jaina tirthankara images.


==Ownership==
==Ownership==
The temple is maintained by the Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambara Jaina Tirthankara Committee. Bimala Devi Jain is the local caretaker.
The temple is maintained by the Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambara Jaina Tirthankara Committee. Bimala Devi Jain is the local caretaker.{{Citation needed}}


==Age==
==Age==
From the architectural features of the temple, it is concluded that the original temple was constructed quite earlier but the present temple is made out of building materials of the earlier temple may be dated to 19th century CE.
From the architectural features of the temple, it is concluded that the original temple was constructed earlier but the present temple is made out of building materials of the earlier temple may be dated to 19th century CE.{{Citation needed}}


==Property type==
==Property type==
Line 60: Line 59:


==Significance==
==Significance==
Local legends ascribe the temple to ''Mahameghabahana'' Kharavela of 1st century BCE. This however does not hold any ground on account of the architectural features.
Local legends ascribe the temple to ''Mahameghabahana'' Kharavela of 1st century BCE. This legend is not supported by the architectural features.


==Physical description==
==Physical description==
The temple, which faces east, is surrounded by Rushavanath temple in the south at a distance of 3.50 metres, northern compound wall at a distance of 2.50 metres and western compound wall at a distance of
The temple, which faces east, is next to the Rushavanath temple in the south at a distance of 3.50 metres, a northern compound wall at a distance of 2.50 metres and western compound wall at a distance of 11.50 metres.
11.50 metres.


'''Architectural features (Plan and Elevation):''' The temple stands on a lofty platform that measures 16.00 metres in length x 9.50 metres in width with a height of 1.62 metres. On plan, the temple has a [[vimana]] and a [[jagamohana]]. The vimana measures 8.25 square metres and jagamohana measures 6.40 metres in length x 9.40 metres in breadth. This temple is [[Ratha (architecture)|triratha]] on plan. It is distinguished by central raha and kanika pagas on either sides. On elevation, the vimana is pidha deula that measures 5.80 metres in height from pabhaga to mastaka. The temple has panchanga bada. From bottom to top the temple has a pabhaga, talajangha, bandhana, upara jangha, baranda, gandi and mastaka. The pabhaga measures 0.47 metres, talajangha 0.42 metres, bandhana 0.16 metres, upara jangha 0.40 metres and baranda 0.45 metres. The gandi measures 1.80 with seven receding tiers arranged in two sets (potala); lower potala has four tiers and upper potala with three tiers and mastaka measures 2.10 metres.
'''Architectural features (Plan and Elevation):''' The temple stands on a platform that measures 16.00 metres in length x 9.50 metres in width with a height of 1.62 metres. On plan, the temple has a [[vimana]] and a [[jagamohana]]. The vimana measures 8.25 square metres and jagamohana measures 6.40 metres in length and 9.40 metres in breadth. This temple is [[Ratha (architecture)|triratha]] on plan. It is distinguished by central raha and kanika pagas on either sides. On elevation, the vimana is pidha deula that measures 5.80 metres in height from pabhaga to mastaka. The temple has panchanga bada. From bottom to top the temple has a pabhaga, talajangha, bandhana, upara jangha, baranda, gandi and mastaka. The pabhaga measures 0.47 metres, talajangha 0.42 metres, bandhana 0.16 metres, upara jangha 0.40 metres and baranda 0.45 metres. The gandi measures 1.80 meters with seven receding tiers arranged in two sets (potala); lower potala has four tiers and upper potala with three tiers and mastaka measures 2.10 metres.


'''Raha niche & parsva devatas:''' There are no parsvadevata niches and the walls are plain and without any sculptural embellishments and having a balustrated window in the northern side wall and this window are decorated with a series of ''pidha mundi''.
'''Raha niche & parsva devatas:''' There are no parsvadevata niches and the walls are plain and without sculptural embellishments. The northern side wall has a balustrated window and this window is decorated with a series of ''pidha mundi''.


'''Decorative features:'''
'''Decorative features:'''
Doorjambs: There are two doorways in north and east. The eastern doorjambs measure 2.88 metres x 1.56 metres, which is carved with khakhara mundi niches at the base. The northern doorjambs measure 2.20 metres x 1.04 metres.
Doorjambs: There are two doorways in north and east. The eastern doorjambs measure 2.88 metres x 1.56 metres, which is carved with khakhara mundi niches at the base. The northern doorjambs measure 2.20 metres x 1.04 metres.


'''Building material:''' Sand stone <br />
'''Building material:''' Sandstone <br />
'''Construction techniques:''' Dry masonry <br />
'''Construction techniques:''' Dry masonry <br />
'''Style:''' ''Kalingan''
'''Style:''' ''Kalingan''

Revision as of 07:37, 6 August 2014

Digambar Jain Temple, Khandagiri
287 ft
Digambar Jain Temple, Khandagiri
Religion
Governing bodyBengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambar Jain Tirthkshetra Committee
Location
CountryIndia

Digambara Jaina Temple (Lat 20° 15’ 74” N., Long- 85° 47’ 08” E., Elev-287 ft) is a Jain temple in Bhubaneswar, in the state of Odisha, India. The temple is situated on the top of the hill Khandagiri that is honeycombed with a series of rock-cut Jaina caves, commissioned by King Kharavela in 1st century BCE. The rock-cut caves are protected by Archaeological Survey of India. The enshrining deities are a series of Jaina tirthankara images.

Ownership

The temple is maintained by the Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Digambara Jaina Tirthankara Committee. Bimala Devi Jain is the local caretaker.[citation needed]

Age

From the architectural features of the temple, it is concluded that the original temple was constructed earlier but the present temple is made out of building materials of the earlier temple may be dated to 19th century CE.[citation needed]

Property type

Precinct/ Building/ Structure/Landscape/Site/Tank: precinct
Sub type: Temple
Typology: Pidha Deula

Property use

Abandoned/ in use: In use
Present use: Living Temple
Past use: Worshiped

Significance

Local legends ascribe the temple to Mahameghabahana Kharavela of 1st century BCE. This legend is not supported by the architectural features.

Physical description

The temple, which faces east, is next to the Rushavanath temple in the south at a distance of 3.50 metres, a northern compound wall at a distance of 2.50 metres and western compound wall at a distance of 11.50 metres.

Architectural features (Plan and Elevation): The temple stands on a platform that measures 16.00 metres in length x 9.50 metres in width with a height of 1.62 metres. On plan, the temple has a vimana and a jagamohana. The vimana measures 8.25 square metres and jagamohana measures 6.40 metres in length and 9.40 metres in breadth. This temple is triratha on plan. It is distinguished by central raha and kanika pagas on either sides. On elevation, the vimana is pidha deula that measures 5.80 metres in height from pabhaga to mastaka. The temple has panchanga bada. From bottom to top the temple has a pabhaga, talajangha, bandhana, upara jangha, baranda, gandi and mastaka. The pabhaga measures 0.47 metres, talajangha 0.42 metres, bandhana 0.16 metres, upara jangha 0.40 metres and baranda 0.45 metres. The gandi measures 1.80 meters with seven receding tiers arranged in two sets (potala); lower potala has four tiers and upper potala with three tiers and mastaka measures 2.10 metres.

Raha niche & parsva devatas: There are no parsvadevata niches and the walls are plain and without sculptural embellishments. The northern side wall has a balustrated window and this window is decorated with a series of pidha mundi.

Decorative features: Doorjambs: There are two doorways in north and east. The eastern doorjambs measure 2.88 metres x 1.56 metres, which is carved with khakhara mundi niches at the base. The northern doorjambs measure 2.20 metres x 1.04 metres.

Building material: Sandstone
Construction techniques: Dry masonry
Style: Kalingan

State of preservation

Good/Fair/ Showing Signs of Deterioration/Advanced: Fair

Grade (A/B/C)

Architecture: B
Historic: C
Associational: A
Social/Cultural: B

Threats to the property

Conservation Problem and Remedies:
Compound wall: There is a compound wall covering the precinct.

References

[1] [2]

  1. ^ Pradhan, Sadasiba (2009). Lesser Known Monuments Of Bhubaneswar. Bhubaneswar: Lark Books. pp. 1–2. ISBN 81-7375-164-1.
  2. ^ Cultural Informatics Laboratory. "Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts". Ignca.nic.in. Retrieved 2014-08-06.