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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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Kolkata Tram.jpg|[[Kolkata Tram]]
Kolkata Tram.jpg|[[Kolkata tram]]
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Revision as of 10:33, 31 January 2014

Rapid transit in India consists of metro, monorail and light rail systems. The first rapid transit system in India was the Kolkata Metro, which started operations in 1984. The Delhi Metro was India's first modern metro and the third rapid transit system in India overall, after the Kolkata Metro and Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (Chennai MRTS), beginning operations in 2002. Rapid Metro Rail Gurgaon, which started operations in November 2013, is India's first privately owned and operated metro.[1]

In 2009, it was decided to invest ₹2,000 billion (US$24.0 billion) on metro rail projects in the following ten years.[2] It is planned that all Indian cities having population more that 2 million will have metro rail system.[3] Currently, rapid transit systems have been deployed in these cities and more are under construction or in planning in several major cities of India.

Metro

Metro rail lines in India are composed of both standard gauge and broad gauge. Projects like the Delhi Metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines but most new projects in India are on standard gauge as rolling stock imported from Europe is on Standard Gauge. One exception is the Ahmedabad Metro, which will use Broad gauge, as there is more space available inside the coach.[4] In the long term, using Broad gauge may also allow for freight movement of containers from the Indian Railway network on the Metro train network and increased capacity within the train cars.[citation needed]Although Metro supposed to be mass rapid transit system, Indian metro trains are slower than their counterparts in other parts of the world, as they are not underground and have sharp curves. For example, Bangalore metro has a maximum speed of 40.5 km/h on curves with average speed of 30 km/h and Hyderabad Metro will have average speed of 25 km/h,[5][6] where as China's Shanghai Metro has been known to reach speeds of up to 501 km/h (311 mph) on test drives but normally operates at speeds of around 431 km/h (268 mph).[citation needed]

Green background for the systems that are under-construction. Blue background for the systems that are currently in planning.

City System Start of operations System Length No of Lines Notes
IO1 P2 UC3 IO1 P2 UC3
Kolkata Kolkata Metro 24 October 1984 28.4 km 90 km 1 14 5 First mass rapid transit system in India and one of the 17th Zone of the Indian Railways.
Chennai Chennai MRTS 1 November 1995 19.34 km 1 It is planned for the MRTS to be taken over by the Chennai Metro Rail Limited once the Chennai Metro becomes operational. 2nd mass rapid transit system after Kolkata.
Delhi Delhi Metro 24 December 2002 192.7 km 6 2 India's first modern public transportation system.
Bangalore Namma Metro 20 October 2011 6.7 km 35 km 1 2 1
Gurgaon Rapid Metro Rail Gurgaon 14 November 2013 5.1 km 1 1 India's first fully privately financed metro.
Jaipur Jaipur Metro 2014 2 1
Chennai Chennai Metro 2014 45.1 km[7] 2
Mumbai Mumbai Metro 2014 146.5 km[8] 7 1 Implemented partially in EPC and partially in PPP mode.
Navi Mumbai Navi Mumbai Metro 2016 106.4 km[9] 4 1
Kochi Kochi Metro 2016 1
Hyderabad Hyderabad Metro 2015 71.6 km 3 It is the only metro in India to be implemented entirely on PPP mode, with the state government holding a minority equity stake.[10]
Ahmedabad & Gandhinagar MetroLink Express Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad (MEGA) 2017 83 km[11] 5
Bhopal Bhopal Metro 3
Chandigarh Chandigarh Metro 2018 7
Indore Indore Metro 2019 3
Kanpur Kanpur Metro 2017 8
Lucknow Lucknow Metro 2018 3
Ludhiana Ludhiana Metro 2017–18 2
Nagpur Nagpur Metro
Nasik Greater Nasik Metro Proposed Metro line which will connect Igatpuri, Deolali, Nasik Road, Nasik Central and Ojhar Airport[12]
Patna Patna Metro 2016 2
Pune Pune Metro 2018 4
Surat Surat Metro 2018 3
Mumbai Western railway elevated corridor 2020 63.27 km 1
Guwahati Guwahati Metro 44.2 km 2
National Capital Region National Capital Region Metro 2017 381 km [13] 3 The National Capital Region Transport Corporation Limited (NCRTC) is proposed as the implementing agency for taking up the RRTS project in the NCR.[14]

1In operation Number of lines currently operating. Line is considered to be operating if services are running on at least one section.
2Planned Lines that are planned to be built but construction has not yet started
3Under construction Number of lines currently under construction. Does not include lines that are "In operation".

Monorail

The first monorail in India was the Kundala Valley Railway in Kundala Valley, near Munnar, Kerala. It was a privately owned monorail system, that operated from 1902 to 1908. That year the system was converted to a narrow gauge railway, which operated till 1924, when it was destroyed completely by floods.[15] The Patiala State Monorail Trainways which opened in February 1907 and closed in 1927 was the second monorail system in India.[16][17]

The Mumbai Monorail will be the first monorail in India, since the closing of the Patiala State Monorail Trainways in 1927.[18] Many other Indian cities have monorail projects, as a feeder system to the metro, in different phases of planning.

Pink background for the systems that are terminated.Green background for the systems that are under-construction. Blue background for the systems that are currently in planning.

City System Operations began System length (km) No of Lines
IO1 P2 UC3
Munnar Kundala Valley Railway 1902-1908 5 km 1
Patiala Patiala State Monorail Trainways 1907-1927 80 km 1
Mumbai Mumbai Monorail 2014 19.54 km 1
Kozhikode Kozhikode Monorail 2015 14.5 km 1
Chennai Chennai Monorail 2018 57 km 3
Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Monorail 2016 41.8 km 1
Bangalore Bangalore Monorail 60 km
Coimbatore Coimbatore Monorail
Delhi Delhi Monorail 90 km
Indore Indore Monorail –
Kanpur Kanpur Monorail 63 km
Kolkata Kolkata Monorail 72 km
Navi Mumbai Navi Mumbai Monorail 36.82 km
Patna Patna Monorail 32 km
Pune Pune Monorail 52 km
Ahmedabad Ahmedabad Monorail 30 km 4
Aizawl Aizawl Monorail 5 km

1In operation Number of lines currently operating. Line is considered to be operating if services are running on at least one section.
2Planned Lines that are planned to be built but construction has not yet started
3Under construction Number of lines currently under construction. Does not include lines that are "In operation".

Light rail

Green background for the systems that are currently under construction. Blue background for the systems that are currently in planning.

System City Opening Year System length (km) No. of lines
Delhi Light Rail Transit Delhi 45 3
Kolkata LRTS Kolkata 2

Initially, state governments attempted to implement metro rail projects through various Tramways Act. However, the Commissioner of Railways Safety (CRS), who operates under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, is tasked with providing safety certification for metro rail projects. The CRS refused safety certification unless the projects were implemented under a Metro Act enacted by the state government and published in The Gazette of India.[19] Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO), another railway entity, also refuses certification to projects not implemented under the criteria. Subsequently, several state governments have enacted their own Metro Acts.[19]

Construction of metros in India are governed by the centrally enacted "The Metro Railways (Construction of Works) Act, 1978" which defines itself as an act to provide for the construction of works relating to metro railways in the metropolitan cities and for matters connected therewith.[20] Operation and maintenance of metros is governed by "The Delhi Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002". Both laws were amended in 2009 with the passing of "The Metro Railways (Amendment) Act, 2009".[21] The amendment expanded the coverage of both the acts to all metropolitan areas of India.

According to Ministry of Urban Development (India) Kamal Nath, ""Since the Metro rail is a central subject, it has been decided that all such projects in the country, whether within one municipal area or beyond, shall be taken up under the Central Metro Acts."[22] The ministry of urban development (MoUD) is the nodal agency to execute metro rail projects in the next 10 years in all Indian cities with a population of more than two million. However, The Metro Railways Amendment Act, 2009, empowers the ministry of railways to take the final call in respect of technical planning and safety issues concerning these projects. In November 2013, the MoUD moved a Cabinet note suggesting a series of further amendments to the Act. The proposals had previously been rejected by the railways on the grounds that it would lead to a conflict of interest and would make the MoUD a business competitor.[23]

Factories in India that build Metro Trains

Bangalore

BEML manufactures Rolling Stock for Delhi Metro and Namma Metro in a consortium with Hyundai Rotem BEML has supplied more than 200 coaches to DMRC and has an order of 150 coaches from Bangalore Metro. Jaipur Metro has also ordered to manufacture, supply, test and commission 10 train sets of four-car each, totalling 40 cars to Jaipur Metro Project.[citation needed] BEML is one of the leading manufacturer of Rail and Metro coaches.[citation needed] Metro Systems using BEML Rolling Stocks are:[citation needed] 

Delhi Metro - 200 coaches
Namma Metro - 150 coaches
Jaipur Metro - 40 coaches

Savli

Bombardier built a £26m factory in Savli, Gujarat after it won a contract to supply 614 cars to the Delhi Metro.[24] Production at Savli began in June 2009.[25]

In June 2012 the plant won an order to supply semi-finished bogies to Australia.[25]

Sri City

In 2013, Alstom built a factory in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh after it won a €243 million contract to supply 168 cars to the Chennai Metro.[26] The 156 acre plant will be used to supply trains to cities in India and abroad.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rapid Metro work in last leg, to start by September
  2. ^ "India to invest Rs 200,000 crore in Metro rail in 10 years". The Times of India. 11 September 2009.
  3. ^ "'Indian cities can't do without a Metro' – The Times of India". The Times of India.
  4. ^ http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/ahmedabad-metro-to-be-driverless-gets-a-nod-for-broad-gauge/articleshow/21360511.cms
  5. ^ http://www.newskarnataka.com/news/content/exclusive/Bangalore-Metro-on-a-faster-ride
  6. ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-01/hyderabad/35530072_1_metro-train-hmrl-sharp-curves
  7. ^ http://www.chennaimetrorail.gov.in/project.php
  8. ^ http://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/mumbai-metro-rail-project
  9. ^ http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NMM_Introduction.aspx
  10. ^ "EPC vs PPP in metro rail". Projectsmonitor.com. 2 December 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  11. ^ http://gujaratmetrorail.com/projects.html
  12. ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-17/nashik/37786208_1_metro-rail-nashik-municipal-corporation-private-firm
  13. ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/coming-soon-rapid-travel-in-delhi-ncr/article4988463.ece
  14. ^ http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=97139
  15. ^ "Mumbai-made monorail ran 100 years ago – Analysis – DNA". Dnaindia.com. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  16. ^ "A mono-tramway opened in February, 1907 connects Basi with railway at Sirhind". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  17. ^ Unusual railways by Mr. J. R. Day and Mr. B. G. Wilson
  18. ^ "Mumbai monorail to run in two years". The Times of India. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
  19. ^ a b B V Shiv Shankar, TNN 1 Mar 2012, 02.06AM IST (1 March 2012). "Metro rail may need to get its act together". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "The Metro Railways (Construction of Works) Act, 1978". Indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  21. ^ http://urbanindia.nic.in/programme/ut/Metro.pdf
  22. ^ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/metro-rail-intra-city-commuting/1/160680.html
  23. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/ministries-lock-horns-over-metro-rail-projects/article1-1150076.aspx
  24. ^ [1]
  25. ^ a b [2]
  26. ^ [3]
  27. ^ [4]
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