Gravity (2013 film): Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Monument101 (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tag: Mobile edit |
||
Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| writer = Alfonso Cuarón<br />[[Jonás Cuarón]] |
| writer = Alfonso Cuarón<br />[[Jonás Cuarón]] |
||
| starring = [[Sandra Bullock]]<br />[[George Clooney]] |
| starring = [[Sandra Bullock]]<br />[[George Clooney]] |
||
| music = Steven Price |
| music = [[Steven Price (composer)|Steven Price]] |
||
| cinematography = [[Emmanuel Lubezki]] |
| cinematography = [[Emmanuel Lubezki]] |
||
| editing = Alfonso Cuarón<br />Mark Sanger |
| editing = Alfonso Cuarón<br />Mark Sanger |
Revision as of 04:37, 17 October 2013
Gravity | |
---|---|
Directed by | Alfonso Cuarón |
Written by | Alfonso Cuarón Jonás Cuarón |
Produced by | Alfonso Cuarón David Heyman |
Starring | Sandra Bullock George Clooney |
Cinematography | Emmanuel Lubezki |
Edited by | Alfonso Cuarón Mark Sanger |
Music by | Steven Price |
Production companies | |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. Pictures |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 90 minutes[1] |
Countries | United States United Kingdom |
Language | English |
Budget | $100 million[2] |
Box office | $200,525,377[2] |
Gravity is a 2013 3D science fiction thriller[2][3] and space drama film[4][5] co-written, co-produced, co-edited and directed by Alfonso Cuarón. The film stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as surviving astronauts from a damaged Space Shuttle mission, as they attempt to return to Earth.
Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás and attempted to develop the project at Universal Studios. After the rights to the project were sold, the project found traction at Warner Bros. instead. The studio approached multiple actresses before casting Bullock in the female lead role. Robert Downey, Jr. was also involved as the male lead before leaving the project and being replaced by Clooney.
Gravity opened at the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August 2013.[6] Its North American premiere was three days later at the Telluride Film Festival. It received a wide release in the United States and Canada on October 4, 2013. Reactions from critics and audiences alike have been overwhelmingly positive, both sides giving much praise for the film's cinematography, as well as Clooney and Bullock's performances.
Plot
Dr. Ryan Stone is a Mission Specialist on her first space shuttle mission aboard the Space Shuttle Explorer. She is accompanied by veteran astronaut Matt Kowalski, who is commanding his final expedition. Kowalski, who is wearing a thruster pack, flies around the space shuttle testing its operation. However, during their final spacewalk to service the Hubble Space Telescope, Mission Control in Houston warns the team that debris from a Russian missile strike on a defunct satellite has caused a chain reaction of destruction and that they must abort the mission. Shortly afterward, communications with Mission Control are lost, though Stone and Kowalski continue to transmit in hope that the ground crew can still hear them.
High-speed debris impacts the Explorer and detaches Stone from the shuttle, leaving her tumbling through space. Kowalski soon recovers Stone and the two use the thruster pack to make their way back to Explorer. They discover the shuttle has been damaged far beyond usability and the rest of the crew is dead. They use the thruster pack to make their way to the International Space Station (ISS), which is in orbit only about 100 km (60 mi) away. Kowalski estimates they have 90 minutes before the debris field completes an orbit and threatens them again.
En route to the ISS, the two discuss Stone's life back home and the death of her young daughter in a schoolyard accident. As they approach the slightly damaged ISS, they see that its crew has evacuated in one of the Soyuz modules and that the parachute from the other capsule has been accidentally deployed, rendering it useless for return to Earth. However, Kowalski suggests that the remaining Soyuz, designated TMA-14M, can still be used to travel to the nearby Chinese space station Tiangong to retrieve another module that can take them to Earth. Out of air and maneuvering power, the two try to grab onto the ISS as they fly by. At the last moment, Stone's leg becomes entangled in the Soyuz's parachute cords, but Kowalski realizes that his momentum will carry them both away; over Stone's protests, he detaches himself from the tether so that Stone might survive, and the tension in the cords pulls her back towards the ISS. As Kowalski floats away, he radios additional instructions and encouragement to Stone.
Stone enters the ISS via an airlock but must hastily make her way to the Soyuz to escape a fire. As she maneuvers the capsule away from the ISS, the tangled parachute tethers prevent Soyuz from separating from the station. She spacewalks outside to release the cables, barely succeeding just as the debris field completes its orbit and destroys the station. Stone aligns the Soyuz with Tiangong but discovers the craft's thrusters have no fuel. After a brief communication with a Greenlandic Inuit fisherman named Aningaaq on Earth's surface, presumably using a ham radio, Stone resigns herself to being stranded and begins decompression of the cabin in order to commit suicide by painless hypoxia. As she begins to lose consciousness, Kowalski appears outside and enters the capsule. Berating her for giving up, he tells her to use the Soyuz's landing rockets to propel the capsule toward Tiangong. Stone realizes that she had only hallucinated Kowalski's appearance, but takes from the hallucination new motivation to live. She restores the flow of oxygen and uses the landing rockets to navigate toward Tiangong.
Unable to dock the Soyuz with the station, Stone ejects herself via explosive decompression and uses a fire extinguisher as a makeshift thruster to travel to Tiangong. Space debris has knocked the Chinese station from its orbital trajectory, and it is rapidly de-orbiting. Stone enters the Shenzhou capsule just as Tiangong starts to break up on the upper edge of the atmosphere. As the capsule re-enters the Earth's atmosphere, Stone hears Mission Control over the radio tracking the capsule. It lands in a lake, but an electrical fire inside the capsule forces Stone to evacuate immediately. Opening the capsule hatch rapidly causes the capsule to fill with water and sink, forcing Stone to shed her spacesuit underwater in order to swim to shore. She takes her first shaky steps on land, in the full gravity of Earth, where she awaits rescue.
Cast
- Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone: A medical engineer and Mission Specialist on her first mission in space.
- George Clooney as Lieutenant Matt Kowalski: The commander of the team, Kowalski is a veteran astronaut planning to retire after the Explorer expedition. He enjoys telling stories about himself and joking with his teammates, but is also determined to protect the lives of his fellow astronauts.
- Ed Harris as Mission Control in Houston, Texas.
- Orto Ignatiussen as Aningaaq: A Greenlandic Inuit fisherman who intercepts one of Stone's transmissions. Aningaaq also appears in a self-titled short which depicts the conversation between him and Stone from his perspective.[7]
- Paul Sharma as Shariff Dasari: Flight engineer onboard the Explorer. Shariff has a wife and child and keeps a family photo on his suit.
- Amy Warren as Explorer Captain
- Basher Savage as Russian Space Station Captain
Themes
Despite being set in outer space, the film draws upon motifs from shipwrecked and wilderness survival stories about the inner space[clarification needed] of psychological change and resilience in the aftermath of catastrophe.[8][9][10][11] Cuarón uses Stone to illustrate clarity of mind, persistence, training, and improvisation in the face of isolation and the mortal consequences of a relentless Murphy's Law.[3]
Although the film does not attempt to compete philosophically with 2001: A Space Odyssey or Solaris,[12] Cuarón employs a number of metaphysical shots portraying Stone devolving and curling up as though in a womb after entering the relative safety of the ISS, as well as later re-evolving by crawling out from the lake's waters.[8] The film also meditates on spiritual themes both in terms of Ryan's daughter's accidental death, the will to survive in the face of inevitable death, as well as the futility of rescue.[9] Calamities unfold but there are no witnesses to them save for the surviving astronauts.[13]
The impact of scenes is heightened by alternating between objective and subjective perspectives, the warm face of the planet and the depths of dark space, the chaos but also predictability of the deadly debris field, and silence of the vacuum of space with the sound of the score.[11][14] The film uses very long and uninterrupted shots throughout to draw the audience into the action but also contrasts these with claustrophobic shots within space suits and capsules.[9][15]
Cuarón also pays homage to other classics set in space by employing Ed Harris as the voice of Mission Control (a nod to his roles in Apollo 13 and The Right Stuff),[16] evokes Sigourney Weaver's vulnerable Ripley from Alien,[14] and the extravehicular use of a fire extinguisher also recalls an important scene from WALL-E.[17]
Production
Development
The project was in development at Universal Pictures for several years. Warner Bros. acquired the project, which in February 2010, attracted the attention of Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted.[18] Later in the month, she passed on the project,[19] partially because the studio did not want to pay the $20 million fee [20] she had received for her latest two movies, but also because she wanted to work on directing her Bosnian war film In the Land of Blood and Honey.[21] In March, Robert Downey, Jr. entered talks to be cast in the male lead role.[22]
In mid-2010, Marion Cotillard tested for the female lead role. By August 2010, Scarlett Johansson and Blake Lively were in the running for the role.[20] In September, Cuarón received approval from Warner Bros. to offer the role without a screen test to Natalie Portman, who was being praised for her then-recently released film Black Swan.[23] Portman passed on the project due to scheduling conflicts, and Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role.[21] In November 2010, Downey left the project to star in How to Talk to Girls, a project in development with Shawn Levy attached to direct.[24] The following December, with Bullock signed for the co-lead role, George Clooney replaced Downey.[25]
A big challenge for the team was the question of how to shoot long takes in a zero-g environment. Eventually the team decided to use computer-generated imagery for the spacewalk scenes, and automotive robots to move Bullock's character for interior space station scenes.[26] This meant that shots and blocking had to be planned well in advance in order for the robots to be programmed.[26]
Filming
Gravity had a production budget of $100 million and was filmed digitally on Arri Alexas. Principal photography on the film began in late May 2011.[27] Live elements were shot at Pinewood and Shepperton Studios in the United Kingdom,[28] with the visual effects supervised by Tim Webber at Framestore in London.[29] The 3D was designed and supervised by Chris Parks. The majority of the 3D was created through stereo rendering the CG at Framestore with the rest post converted, principally at Prime Focus, London with additional conversion work by Framestore. Prime Focus's supervisor was Richard Baker. Filming began in London in May 2011.[30] The film contains about 200 or so cutaways, which is significantly fewer than most films of this length. Although the first trailer had audible explosions and other sounds, in the final film these scenes are silent: "They put in explosions [in the trailer]. As we know, there is no sound in space. In the film, we don't do that."[31] The sound track in the film's space scenes is populated only by the musical score and sounds astronauts would hear in their suits or the space vehicles.
Most of Bullock's shots were done with her inside of a giant mechanical rig.[26] Getting into the rig took a significant amount of time, so Bullock opted to stay in it for up to 10 hours a day, communicating with others only through a headset.[26] Cuaron said his biggest challenge was to make set feel as inviting and non-claustrophobic as possible. The team attempted to do this by having a massive celebration when Bullock arrived each day. They also nicknamed the rig "Sandy's cage" and gave it a lighted sign reflecting this.[26]
Music
Composer Steven Price composed the incidental music to Gravity. In early September 2013, a 23-minute preview of the soundtrack was released online.[32] A soundtrack album was released digitally on September 17, 2013 and in physical formats on October 1, 2013 by WaterTower Music.[33] Additional songs featured in the film include:[34]
- "Angels Are Hard To Find" by Hank Williams, Jr.
- "Sinigit Meerannguaq" by Juaaka Lyberth
- "Destination Anywhere" by Chris Benstead and Robin Baynton
- "922 Anthem" by 922 (feat. Gaurav Dayal)
- "Ready" by Charles Scott (feat. Chelsea Williams)
In most of the film's official trailers, "Spiegel im Spiegel" was used, written by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt in 1978.[35]
Release
Gravity was released in 3D and IMAX 3D on October 4, 2013.[36] The film's release coincided with the beginning of World Space Week, observed from October 4 to October 10. The film was originally scheduled to be released on November 21, 2012, before being re-scheduled for a 2013 release in order to complete extensive post-production effects work.[37]
Reception
Box office
As of October 16, 2013, Gravity has grossed $132,525,377 in North America, and $68,000,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $200,525,377.[2]
Preliminary reports had the film tracking for a debut of over $40 million in North America.[38][39] The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings,[40] and reached a $17.5 million Friday total.[41] It went on to break Paranormal Activity 3's record as the biggest October and autumn openings ever, as the film brought in $55.8 million.[42] Of the film's opening weekend gross, 80 percent of the total was derived from its 3D showings for a sum of $44 million—which also includes $11.2 million, or 20 percent of the total receipts, from IMAX 3D showings, the highest percentage ever for a film opening more than $50 million.[43]
Critical reception
Gravity had its world premiere at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 28, where it received universal acclaim from critics and audiences, praising the acting, direction, screenplay, cinematography, visual effects, production design, the use of 3D, and Steven Price's musical score.[44] Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 98% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 242 reviews with a "Certified Fresh" rating, with an average score of 9.1/10. The site's consensus states: "Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity is an eerie, tense sci-fi thriller that's masterfully directed and visually stunning".[45] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 96 (citing "universal acclaim") based on 48 reviews.[46] CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave Gravity was A- on an A+ to F scale.[43]
Matt Zoller Seitz, writing on RogerEbert.com, gave the film a perfect four stars, stating that "Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity, about astronauts coping with disaster, is a huge and technically dazzling film and that the film's panoramas of astronauts tumbling against starfields and floating through space station interiors are at once informative and lovely."[47] At Variety, Justin Chang posits that the film "restores a sense of wonder, terror and possibility to the bigscreen that should inspire awe among critics and audiences worldwide".[48] Richard Corliss of Time proclaimed that "Cuarón shows things that cannot be but, miraculously, are, in the fearful, beautiful reality of the space world above our world. If the film past is dead, Gravity shows us the glory of cinema's future. It thrills on so many levels. And because Cuarón is a movie visionary of the highest order, you truly can't beat the view." He also admired that "Beyond technology, Cuarón plays daringly and dexterously with point-of-view: at one moment you're inside Ryan's helmet as she surveys the bleak silence, then in a subtle shift you're outside to gauge her reaction. The 3-D effects, added in post-production, provide their own extraterrestrial startle: a hailstorm of debris hurtles at you, as do a space traveler's thoughts at the realization of being truly alone in the universe."[49]
The film was praised by filmmakers James Cameron, who said, "I think it's the best space photography ever done, I think it's the best space film ever done, and it's the movie I've been hungry to see for an awful long time",[50] and Quentin Tarantino, who named it one of the ten best movies of 2013 so far.[51] Astronaut Buzz Aldrin is also a big fan of the film, calling the visual effects "remarkable". He goes on saying, "I was so extravagantly impressed by the portrayal of the reality of zero gravity. Going through the space station was done just the way that I've seen people do it in reality. The spinning is going to happen—maybe not quite that vigorous—but certainly we've been fortunate that people haven't been in those situations yet. I think it reminds us that there really are hazards in the space business, especially in activities outside the spacecraft."[52]
Accolades
The film won the "Future Film Festival Digital Award" at the 2013 Venice Film Festival.[53] Bullock was awarded with the Best Actress Award at the 2013 Hollywood Film Festival, for her "outstanding work in Gravity" and "a stunning and emotionally layered performance that shows once again why she is one of Hollywood’s most respected and popular actresses."[54]
The film has been mentioned as a considerable choice for several nominations at the 86th Academy Awards, specifically awards for Cuarón for directing, Lubezki for his cinematography, and Bullock for her performance.[55]
Scientific accuracy
Cuarón has stated that the film is not always scientifically accurate and that some liberties were needed to sustain the story.[56] Nevertheless, the film has been praised for the realism of its premises and its overall adherence to physical principles, despite a few inaccuracies and exaggerations.[57][58] According to NASA Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, who took part in two Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Missions (STS-109 and STS-125), "nothing was out of place, nothing was missing. There was a one of a kind wirecutter we used on one of my spacewalks and sure enough they had that wirecutter in the movie."[59] On October 6, 2013, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson posted some inaccuracies in his official Twitter account.[60] Notable examples of inaccuracies include:
- The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which is being repaired at the beginning of the movie, has an orbit of about 559 kilometers (347 mi). The ISS, on the other hand, has a very slightly elliptical orbit at around 420 kilometers (260 mi), and a very different orbital plane. It would, therefore, be impossible for an astronaut to migrate from the Hubble orbit to the ISS with a unit similar to the Manned Maneuvering Unit which had an approximate 6 hour working time.[61]
- Stone's tears first roll down her face in zero gravity, and later are seen floating off her face. Without sufficient force to dislodge the tears, the tears would remain on her face due to surface tension.[62] However, the movie does correctly portray the spherical appearance of liquid drops in a micro-gravity environment.[58]
- When Kowalski unclips his tether and floats away to his doom to save Stone from being pulled away from the ISS, his velocity is zero (no momentum). As Astronomer Phil Plait point out, all Stone had to do was give the tether a gentle tug and Kowalski would’ve been safely pulled toward her.[63]
- Stone mentions that she has only six months training and was brought onto the flight for her specialized skillset. Such a person is referred to as a "payload specialist", not a "mission specialist", and would never have trained to do a spacewalk or land a spacecraft.[62]
See also
- Apollo 13, a 1995 film dramatizing the Apollo 13 incident
- Kessler syndrome
- Liberty Bell 7, a Mercury capsule that sank after splashdown
- List of films featuring space stations
- Love, a 2011 film about being stranded in space
- Marooned , 1969 film about survival in space
- Survival film
References
- ^ "GRAVITY (12A)". Warner Bros. British Board of Film Classification. August 23, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Staff (October 6, 2013). "Gravity". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ a b Berardinelli, James (October 3, 2013). "Gravity – A Movie Review". ReelViews. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ Chris Lackner (September 27, 2013). "Pop Forecast: Gravity is gripping space drama and it's gimmick free". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Girl on a wire: Sandra Bullock talks about her new space drama, Gravity". South China Morning Post. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "George Clooney and Sandra Bullock to open Venice film festival". BBC News.
- ^ "La Biennale di Venezia – Aningaaq". LaBiennale.org.
- ^ a b Zoller Seitz, Matt (October 4, 2013). "Review: Gravity". RogerEbert.com.
- ^ a b c "Gravity". Miami Herald. October 3, 2013.
- ^ Hornaday, Ann (October 3, 2013). ""Gravity" works as both thrilling sci-fi spectacle and brilliant high art". Washington Post.
- ^ a b Scott, A.O. (October 3, 2013). "Between Earth and Heaven". The New York Times.
- ^ O'Hehir, Andrew (October 3, 2013). ""Gravity": Bullock and Clooney, lost in space". Salon.
- ^ LaSalle, Mick (October 4, 2013). ""Gravity" review: powerful images – and drama". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ a b McCarthy, Todd (August 28, 2013). "Gravity: Venice Review". Hollywood Reporter.
- ^ Turan, Kenneth (October 3, 2013). "Review: "Gravity" has powerful pull thanks to Sandra Bullock, 3-D". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Weber, Lindsey (October 6, 2013). "Did You Catch Gravity's Apollo 13 Shout-out?". Vulture. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ Morgenstern, Joe (October 3, 2013). ""Gravity" Exerts Cosmic Pull". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Brodesser-Akner, Claude (February 25, 2010). "Angelina Jolie Says No to Wanted 2, Killing the Sequel". Vulture. New York. New York Media. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=
(help) - ^ Sperling, Nicole (February 26, 2010). "Angelina Jolie out of 'Wanted 2': Follow-up project not a lock". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ a b Kit, Borys (August 11, 2010). "Blake Lively, Scarlett Johansson vie for sci-fi film". Reuters. Thomson Reuters.
- ^ a b Kroll, Justin (October 6, 2010). "Sandra Bullock in talks for 'Gravity'". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ Rosenberg, Adam (April 27, 2013). "Robert Downey Jr. In Talks To Star In 'Children Of Men' Director Alfonso Cuaron's 'Gravity'". MTV. Viacom Media Networks.
- ^ Fernandez, Jay A. (September 8, 2010). "Natalie Portman offered lead in 3D survival story". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ Kit, Borys (November 17, 2010). "EXCLUSIVE: Robert Downey Jr. Eyeing 'How to Talk to Girls'". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ McNary, Dave (December 16, 2010). "Clooney to replace Downey Jr. in 'Gravity'". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Cohen, David S; McNary, David (3, September 2013). "Alfonso Cuaron Returns to the Bigscreen After Seven Years With 'Gravity'". Variety. Retrieved 6, October 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
and|date=
(help) - ^ Fitzmaurice, Sarah (June 9, 2011). "Feeling broody? George Clooney gets snap happy with Sandra Bullock and her son Louis on set of new film". Daily Mail. Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ "Gravity | Pinewood filming locations". Pinewood Group. Pinewood Studios. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ http://www.framestore.com/work/coming-soon-gravity
- ^ Dang, Simon (April 17, 2011). "Producer David Heyman Says Alfonso Cuarón's 3D Sci-Fi Epic 'Gravity' Will Shoot This May". The Playlist. IndieWire. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ Child, Ben (July 22, 2013). "Comic-Con 2013: five things we learned". The Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
- ^ "'Gravity' Soundtrack Preview Highlights 23 Minutes Of Steven Price's Nerve-Rattling Score". September 5, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
- ^ "'Gravity' Soundtrack Details". Film Music Reporter. August 28, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
- ^ "Gravity (2013) – Song Credits". Soundtrack.net. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ Wickman, Forrest (May 9, 2013). "Trailer Critic: Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity". Slate. Retrieved May 12, 2013.
- ^ "UPDATE: Warner Bros. and IMAX Sign Up to 20 Picture Deal!". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline. April 25, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ Vary, Adam (May 14, 2012). "Sandra Bullock, George Clooney sci-fi drama 'Gravity' moved to 2013". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
- ^ Stewart, Andrew (October 4, 2013). "Box Office: 'Gravity' Tracking for a $40 Mil-Plus Bow With Record 3D Sales". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ Smith, Grady (October 3, 2013). "Box office preview: 'Gravity' headed for a stellar debut". Entertainment Weekly. CNN. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ McClintock, Pamela (October 4, 2013). "Box Office: 'Gravity' Takes Flight With $1.4 Million Thursday Night". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ Mendelson, Scott (October 5, 2013). "Friday Box Office: 'Gravity' Earns $17.5m, Rockets Towards i love it $50m". Forbes. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ Subers, Ray (October 7, 2013). "Weekend Report: Houston, 'Gravity' Does Not Have a Problem". Box Office Mojo. amazon.com. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ a b Cunninghham, Todd (October 6, 2013). "'Gravity' soars to record-breaking box-office blast-off". MSN Entertainment. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ Trumbore, Dave (August 28, 2013). "GRAVITY Reviews Praise Sandra Bullock and George Clooney's Performances". Collider. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
- ^ "Gravity – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
- ^ "Gravity Reviews – Metacritic". Metacritic. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
- ^ "RogerEbert.com, Gravity review". Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ Frater, Patrick (August 14, 2013). "'Gravity' Review: Alfonso Cuaron's White-Knuckle Space Odyssey". Variety. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
- ^ "Gravity at the Venice Film Festival: Dread and Awe in Space". TIME. August 28, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ^ "Alfonso Cuaron Returns to the Bigscreen After Seven Years With 'Gravity'". Variety. September 3, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Quentin Tarantino's Top 10 Films of 2013 – SO FAR". The Quentin Tarantino Archives. October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ "'Gravity' Review by Astronaut Buzz Aldrin". The Hollywood Reporter. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Mostra Venezia: a 'Gravity' di Cuaron il 'Future Film Festival Digital Award 2013'". Retrieved September 6, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ "Sanra Bullock won Hollywood Film Festival Best Actress Award 2013'". Retrieved 20. 9. 2013..
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ Peter Knegt. "2014 Oscar Predictions: Best Picture". Indiewire. Retrieved 10-14-13.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Gravity". Space.com.
- ^ "What's behind the science of 'Gravity'?". CNN. September 28, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ^ a b "How realistic is 'Gravity'?". UCLA. September 28, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ "Gravity: Ripped from the Headlines?". Space Safety Magazine. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
- ^ "Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson Fact-Checks Gravity on Twitter". Wired. October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ "Poking holes in the Gravity trailer with NASA's help". arstechnica. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
- ^ a b Watkins, Gwynne (October 8, 2013). "An Astronaut Fact-checks Gravity". Vulture. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
- ^ http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/10/04/ba_movie_review_gravity.html
External links
- Official website
- Gravity at IMDb
- Gravity at AllMovie
- Gravity at Box Office Mojo
- Please use a more specific Metacritic template.
- Gravity at Rotten Tomatoes
- An Astronaut Fact-checks Gravity – Former US astronaut Scott E. Parazynski discusses the film's accuracy
- 2013 films
- 2013 3D films
- 2010s drama films
- 2010s science fiction films
- 2010s adventure films
- Space adventure films
- American films
- American 3D films
- American drama films
- American science fiction films
- 2010s thriller films
- British films
- British 3D films
- British drama films
- British science fiction films
- British thriller films
- English-language films
- Films directed by Alfonso Cuarón
- Films shot digitally
- Films shot in Arizona
- Films shot in London
- Films shot in Surrey
- IMAX films
- Dolby Atmos films
- Dolby Surround 7.1 films
- Heyday Films films
- Warner Bros. films