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m Mr Cruise isn't known primarily for his support of Scientology; his main claim to fame is as an actor.
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Cruise has starred in many Hollywood [[blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]]s, including ''[[Rain Man]]'' (1988), ''[[A Few Good Men]]'' (1992), ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'' (1996), ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001), ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' (2002), ''[[The Last Samurai]]'' (2003), ''[[Collateral (film)|Collateral]]'' (2004), ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]'' (2005), ''[[Tropic Thunder]]'' (2008), ''[[Jack Reacher (film)|Jack Reacher]]'' (2012) and ''[[Oblivion (2013 film)|Oblivion]]'' (2013). As of 2012, Cruise is [[Hollywood]]'s highest-paid actor.<ref>{{cite news|first=Dorothy |last=Pomerantz |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2012/07/03/tom-cruise-tops-our-list-of-hollywoods-highest-paid-actors/ |title=Tom Cruise Tops Our List Of Hollywood's Highest-Paid Actors |publisher=Forbes |date=2012-04-18 |accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> Fourteen of his films grossed over $100 million domestically; twenty have grossed in excess of $200 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Cruise|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=tomcruise.htm|publisher=boxofficemojo.com|accessdate=June 3, 2013}}</ref>
Cruise has starred in many Hollywood [[blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]]s, including ''[[Rain Man]]'' (1988), ''[[A Few Good Men]]'' (1992), ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'' (1996), ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001), ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' (2002), ''[[The Last Samurai]]'' (2003), ''[[Collateral (film)|Collateral]]'' (2004), ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]'' (2005), ''[[Tropic Thunder]]'' (2008), ''[[Jack Reacher (film)|Jack Reacher]]'' (2012) and ''[[Oblivion (2013 film)|Oblivion]]'' (2013). As of 2012, Cruise is [[Hollywood]]'s highest-paid actor.<ref>{{cite news|first=Dorothy |last=Pomerantz |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2012/07/03/tom-cruise-tops-our-list-of-hollywoods-highest-paid-actors/ |title=Tom Cruise Tops Our List Of Hollywood's Highest-Paid Actors |publisher=Forbes |date=2012-04-18 |accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> Fourteen of his films grossed over $100 million domestically; twenty have grossed in excess of $200 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Cruise|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=tomcruise.htm|publisher=boxofficemojo.com|accessdate=June 3, 2013}}</ref>


Cruise is known for his support for the [[Church of Scientology]] and its affiliated social programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/la-fi-scientology18dec18,0,7329737.story |title=Tom Cruise and Scientology |author=Claire Hoffman and Kim Christensen |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=18 December 2005 |accessdate=24 July 2013}}</ref>
Cruise is also known for his support for the [[Church of Scientology]] and its affiliated social programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/la-fi-scientology18dec18,0,7329737.story |title=Tom Cruise and Scientology |author=Claire Hoffman and Kim Christensen |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=18 December 2005 |accessdate=24 July 2013}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==

Revision as of 20:43, 6 August 2013

For other people with similar names, see Tom Kruse (disambiguation).

Tom Cruise
Cruise at San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2013.
Born
Thomas Cruise Mapother IV

(1962-07-03) July 3, 1962 (age 62)
Syracuse, New York, U.S.
Occupation(s)Actor, producer, writer, director
Years active1981–present
Spouses
  • ​
    (m. 1987⁠–⁠1990)​
  • ​
    (m. 1990⁠–⁠2001)​
  • ​
    (m. 2006⁠–⁠2012)​
Children3
WebsiteTomCruise.com

Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (/ˈtɒməs ˈkruːz ˈmeɪpɒθər/; born July 3, 1962), widely known as Tom Cruise, is an American film actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. He started his career at age 19 in the 1981 film Taps. His first leading role was in Risky Business, released in August 1983. Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring in Top Gun (1986). He is well known for his role as secret agent Ethan Hunt in the Mission: Impossible film series between 1996 and 2011.

Cruise has starred in many Hollywood blockbusters, including Rain Man (1988), A Few Good Men (1992), Jerry Maguire (1996), Vanilla Sky (2001), Minority Report (2002), The Last Samurai (2003), Collateral (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Tropic Thunder (2008), Jack Reacher (2012) and Oblivion (2013). As of 2012, Cruise is Hollywood's highest-paid actor.[1] Fourteen of his films grossed over $100 million domestically; twenty have grossed in excess of $200 million worldwide.[2]

Cruise is also known for his support for the Church of Scientology and its affiliated social programs.[3]

Early life

Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York, the son of Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer), a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III (died 1984),[4] an electrical engineer.[5] Cruise has three sisters, Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. Cruise's surname originates from his great-grandfather, born Thomas Cruise O'Mara, who was renamed "Thomas Cruise Mapother" (Mapother is a Welsh surname).[6][7][8] Cruise is of Irish,[9] German and English ancestry.[10] One of his paternal great-great-great-grandfathers, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in North County Dublin, in 1799; he married Teresa Johnson in Warrenstown House, County Meath, in 1825. They left Ireland for America that same year and settled in New York.[9]

He grew up in near poverty, and had a Catholic upbringing. The family was dominated by his abusive father, whom Cruise has described as "a merchant of chaos."[11]

He was beaten by his father, who Cruise has said was a bully and coward.

He was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a great lesson in my life—how he’d lull you in, make you feel safe and then, bang! For me, it was like, 'There's something wrong with this guy. Don't trust him. Be careful around him.'[11]

Cruise's family spent part of his childhood in Canada. They moved to the Ottawa suburb of Beacon Hill in late 1971 so that Cruise's father could take a position as a defense consultant with the Canadian Armed Forces.[12] There, Cruise attended the just opened Robert Hopkins Public School for much of grade four as well as grade five.[12][13] It was while in grade four that Cruise first became involved in drama, under the tutelage of George Steinburg. Cruise and six other boys put on an improvised play to music called IT at the Carlton Elementary School drama festival.[12] Drama organizer Val Wright, who was in the audience that night, reflected that "the movement and improvisation were excellent. It was a classic ensemble piece."[12] Cruise also enjoyed sports at the school including playing floor hockey, though he was known more for his aggression than his talent. For grade six Cruise went to Henry Munro Middle School. However, in the spring of that year Cruise's mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sisters back to the US.[12] His father died of cancer.[14]

He briefly attended a Franciscan seminary in Cincinnati on a church scholarship and aspired to become a Catholic priest.[15] In his senior year, he played football for the varsity team as a linebacker, but he was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game.[16][17]

Career

Acting

Cruise first appeared in a small bit part in the 1981 film Endless Love, followed by a major supporting role as a crazed military school student in Taps later that year. In 1983, Cruise was part of the ensemble cast of The Outsiders. That same year he appeared in All the Right Moves and Risky Business, which has been described as "A Generation-X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise",[18] and which, along with 1986's Top Gun, cemented his status as a Superstar. Cruise also played the male lead (Jack O' the Green) in Legend (released 1986).

Cruise at the 61st Academy Awards in 1989

Cruise followed up Top Gun with The Color of Money, which came out the same year, and which paired him with Paul Newman. 1988 saw him star in Cocktail, which earned him a nomination for the Razzie Award for Worst Actor. Later that year he starred with Dustin Hoffman in Rain Man, which won the Academy Award for Best Film and Cruise the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Cruise portrayed real-life paralyzed Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic in 1989's Born on the Fourth of July, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor, the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actor, a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Cruise's first Best Actor Academy Award nomination.

Cruise's next films were Days of Thunder (1990) and Far and Away (1992), both of which co-starred then-wife Nicole Kidman as his love interest. In 1994, Cruise starred along with Brad Pitt, Antonio Banderas and Christian Slater in Neil Jordan's Interview with the Vampire, a gothic drama/horror film that was based on Anne Rice's best-selling novel. The film was well received, although Rice was initially quite outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film, as Julian Sands was her first choice. Upon seeing the film however, she paid $7,740 for a two-page ad in Daily Variety praising his performance and apologizing for her previous doubts about him.[19]

In 1996, Cruise appeared as superspy Ethan Hunt in the reboot of Mission: Impossible, which he produced it was a box office success although it received criticism regarding the Jim Phelps character being a villain despite being a protagonist of the original television series.[1]. . In 1996, he took on the title role in Jerry Maguire, for which he earned a Golden Globe and his second nomination for an Academy Award. In 1999, Cruise costarred with Kidman in the erotic Stanley Kubrick film Eyes Wide Shut, and took a rare supporting role as a motivational speaker Frank T.J. Mackey in Magnolia, for which he received another Golden Globe and nomination for an Academy Award.

In 2000, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the second installment of the Mission Impossible films, releasing Mission: Impossible II. The film was directed by Hong Kong director John Woo and branded with his gun fu style, and it continued the series' blockbuster success at the box office, taking in almost $547M in worldwide figures, like its predecessor, being the third highest grossing film of the year, despite being a success it along with its predecessor received a mixed reception. Cruise received an MTV Movie Award as Best Male Performance for this film. His next five films were major critical and commercial successes.[20][21] The following year Cruise starred in the romantic thriller Vanilla Sky (2001) with Cameron Diaz and Penélope Cruz. In 2002, Cruise starred in the dystopian science fiction thriller, Minority Report which was directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick.

In 2003, he starred in the Edward Zwick's historical drama The Last Samurai, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination as best actor. In 2005, Cruise worked again with Steven Spielberg in War of the Worlds, a loose adaptation of the H. G. Wells novel of the same name, which became the fourth highest grossing film of the year with US$591.4 million worldwide. Also in 2005, he won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Movie Star, and the MTV Generation Award. Cruise was nominated for seven Saturn Awards between 2002 and 2009, winning once. Nine of the ten films he starred in during the decade made over $100 million at the box office.[20]

Cruise in 2006

In 2006, he returned to his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the Mission Impossible film series, Mission: Impossible III. The film was more positively received by critics than the previous films in the series, it grossed nearly $400 million at the box office.[22] In 2007, Cruise took a rare supporting role for the second time in Lions for Lambs, which was a commercial disappointment. This was followed by an unrecognizable appearance as "Less Grossman" in the 2008 comedy Tropic Thunder with Ben Stiller and Jack Black. This performance earned Cruise a Golden Globe nomination. Cruise played the central role in the historical thriller Valkyrie released on December 25, 2008 to box office success.[23]

In March 2010, Cruise completed filming the action-comedy Knight and Day, in which he re-teamed with former costar Cameron Diaz; the film was released on June 23, 2010.[24] On February 9, 2010, Cruise confirmed that he would star in Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, the fourth installment in the Mission:Impossible series. The film was released in December 2011[25] to high critical acclaim[26] and box office success.[27] Unadjusted for ticket price inflation, it is Cruise's biggest commercial success to date.[28]

On May 6, 2011, Cruise was awarded a humanitarian award from the Simon Wiesenthal Centre and Museum of Tolerance for his work as a dedicated philanthropist.[29] In mid-2011, Cruise started shooting the movie Rock of Ages, in which he played the character Stacee Jaxx. The film was released in June 2012.[30]

Cruise starred as Jack Reacher, an adaptation of British author Lee Child's 2005 novel One Shot. The film was released on December 21, 2012.[31] It met with positive reviews from critics and was a box office success grossing $216,568,266 worldwide.[32][33] In 2013, he starred in the science fiction film Oblivion based on director Joseph Kosinski graphic novel of the same name. The film met with mixed reviews and grossed $285,600,588 worldwide. It also starred Morgan Freeman and Olga Kurylenko.[34][35]

As of 2013, Cruise's films have grossed about $7.3 billion worldwide.[36]

Producing

Cruise partnered with his former talent agent Paula Wagner to form Cruise/Wagner Productions in 1993,[37] and the company has since co-produced several of Cruise's films, the first being Mission: Impossible in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer.

Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative film deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist Edward Jay Epstein as "one of the most powerful – and richest – forces in Hollywood." Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being George Lucas, Steven Spielberg and Jerry Bruckheimer) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar film franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess.[38]

Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on Erik Larson's New York Times bestseller, The Devil in the White City about a real life serial killer, H. H. Holmes, at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition. Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile, Leonardo DiCaprio's production company, Appian Way, is also developing a film about Holmes and the World's Fair, in which DiCaprio will star.[39]

Breakup with Paramount

On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise. In the Wall Street Journal, chairman of Viacom (Paramount's parent company) Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.[40][41] Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from private equity firms.[42] Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of DVD sales from the Mission: Impossible franchise.[43][44]

Management of United Artists

In November 2006, Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they had taken over United Artists film studio.[37] Cruise acts as a producer and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner serves as UA's chief executive. Production began in 2007 of Valkyrie, a thriller based on the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On March 21, 2007 Cruise signed on to play Claus von Stauffenberg, the protagonist. This project marks the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film, Lions for Lambs, directed by Robert Redford and starring Redford, Meryl Streep and Cruise. Lambs was released on November 9, 2007,[45] opening to unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception. In August 2008, Wagner stepped down from her position at United Artists; she retains her stake in UA, which combined with Cruise's share amounts to 30 percent of the studio.[46]

Relationships and personal life

With Katie Holmes in May 2009

Cruise has been married three times and has three children (two adopted and one biological).

Cruise had a relationship with Risky Business co-star Rebecca De Mornay from 1983 to 1985.[47][48] Singer and actress Cher says that she dated Cruise in 1985.[49]

Cruise married actress Mimi Rogers on May 9, 1987; he was 24 and she was 31. The marriage lasted two years, and their divorce was finalized on February 4, 1990. Rogers introduced Cruise to Scientology.[50]

Cruise met his second wife, actress Nicole Kidman, on the set of their film Days of Thunder in 1989. The couple married on December 24, 1990. Cruise and Kidman adopted two children, Isabella Jane (born December 1992) and Connor Antony (born January 1995). In February 2001 Cruise filed for divorce from Kidman while she was unknowingly pregnant. The pregnancy ended with a miscarriage. In 2007 Kidman clarified rumours of a miscarriage early in her marriage to Cruise, saying in an interview, "It was wrongly reported," and explaining that she had actually had an ectopic pregnancy.[51] Kidman has spoken after the divorce of how much she still loves him, "He was huge; still is. To me, he was just Tom, but to everybody else, he is huge. But he was lovely to me. And I loved him. I still love him."[52]

Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes, June 2009

Cruise was next romantically linked with Penélope Cruz, his co-star in Vanilla Sky. The relationship ended in 2004.[53] An article in the October 2012 issue of Vanity Fair states that several sources have said that after the breakup with Cruz, the Church of Scientology launched a secret project to find Cruise a new girlfriend. According to those sources, a series of "auditions" of Scientologist actresses resulted in a short-lived relationship with British-Iranian actress Nazanin Boniadi, who subsequently left Scientology.[54] The Church and Cruise's lawyers issued strongly worded denials and threatened to sue, accusing Vanity Fair of "shoddy journalism" and "religious bigotry."[55] Journalist Roger Friedman later reported that he received an email from director and ex-Scientologist Paul Haggis confirming the story.[56][57]

In April 2005, Cruise began dating actress Katie Holmes. On April 27 that year, Cruise and Holmes – dubbed "TomKat" by the media – made their first public appearance together in Rome.[58] A month later, Cruise declared his love for Holmes on The Oprah Winfrey Show, famously jumping up and down on Winfrey's couch during the show.[59] On October 6, 2005, Cruise and Holmes announced they were expecting a child,[60] and their daughter, Suri, was born in April 2006. On November 18, 2006, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century Odescalchi Castle in Bracciano, Italy, in a Scientology ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars.[61][62] The actors' publicist said the couple had "officialized" their marriage in Los Angeles the day before the Italian ceremony.[63] There has been widespread speculation that the marriage was arranged by the Church of Scientology.[64][65] David Miscavige, the head of the Church of Scientology, served as Cruise's best man.[66] On June 29, 2012, it was announced that Holmes had filed for divorce from Cruise after five and a half years of marriage.[67][68] On July 9, 2012, it was announced that the couple had signed a divorce settlement worked out by their lawyers.[69] Because New York law requires that all divorce documents remain sealed, the exact terms of the settlement are not publicly available.[70]

Cruise is also the first cousin of actor William Mapother (Cruise's given name is Thomas Cruise Mapother IV), who has appeared in five movies alongside him.

Popularity

Cruise and Katie Holmes interacting with fans in 2006

In 1990, 1991 and 1997, People magazine rated him among the 50 most beautiful people in the world. In 1995, Empire magazine ranked him among the 100 sexiest stars in film history. Two years later, it ranked him among the top 5 film stars of all time. In 2002 and 2003, he was rated by Premiere among the top 20 in its annual Power 100 list.

In 2006, Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor,[71] as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.[72] The same year, Forbes magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity.[73]

In August 2006, Paramount cited Cruise's "recent conduct" as the reason they did not renew their production contract with him.[74] In addition, Marketing Evaluations reported that Cruise's Q score (a measure of the popularity of celebrities), had fallen 40 percent.[75][76]

October 10, 2006 was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.[77]

Controversy

Litigation

During Cruise's marriage to Nicole Kidman, the couple endured public speculation about their sex life and rumors that Cruise was gay. In 1998, he successfully sued the Daily Express, a British tabloid which alleged that his marriage to Kidman was a sham designed to cover up his homosexuality.[78] In May 2001 he filed a lawsuit against gay porn actor Chad Slater. Slater had allegedly told the celebrity magazine Actustar that he had had an affair with Cruise. Cruise denied this,[79] and in August 2001, Slater was ordered to pay $10 million to Cruise in damages after Slater declared he could not afford to defend himself against the suit and would therefore default.[80] Cruise also sued Bold Magazine publisher Michael Davis, who alleged but never confirmed that he had video that would prove Cruise was gay. The suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that the video was not of Cruise, and that Cruise was heterosexual.[81]

After The Beast's publication of their 50 Most Loathsome People of 2004, which included Cruise, Cruise's lawyer Bertram Fields threatened to sue. Seeing the opportunity for nationwide exposure, The Beast actively encouraged the lawsuit. No lawsuit was ever filed and Cruise was included more prominently in the 2005 list.[82] In 2006, Cruise sued cybersquatter Jeff Burgar to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on July 5, 2006.[83]

In October 2012, Cruise filed a lawsuit against In Touch and Life & Style for defamation.[84]

Oprah Winfrey Show

File:Cruiseonoprah.jpg
Cruise jumps on the couch during the taping of an interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show.

During his relationship with Katie Holmes, Cruise made several public pronouncements of his love for her, most notably during the "couch incident" on The Oprah Winfrey Show of May 23, 2005. Cruise "jumped around the set, hopped onto a couch, fell to one knee and repeatedly professed his love for his new girlfriend."[85] The phrase "jumping the couch", fashioned after "jumping the shark", is used to describe someone "going off the deep end" in public in a manner extreme enough to tarnish his or her reputation.[86] It enjoyed a short-lived popularity, being chosen by the editors of the Historical Dictionary of American Slang as the "slang term of the year" in 2005[87] and by the nonprofit group Global Language Monitor as one of its top phrases for the year.[88]

The "couch incident" was voted No.1 of 2005's "Most Surprising Television Moments" on a countdown on E![89] and No.5 at BoxOfficeProphets.com.[90] It was the subject of numerous parodies, including the epilogue of Scary Movie 4, an episode of South Park, a short on Sesame Street,[91] and an episode of Family Guy. Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Lesson learned: Tell, don't show."[92]

In early May 2008, Cruise reappeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show to celebrate 25 years in the film business. The feature was a two hour special: the first hour showed Oprah spending the day with Cruise at his home in Telluride, Colorado on May 2.

Scientology

Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology. He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers.[93] He has said that Scientology, specifically the L. Ron Hubbard Study Tech, helped him overcome dyslexia.[94] In addition to promoting various programs that introduce people to Scientology, Cruise has campaigned for Scientology to be recognized as a religion in Europe. In 2005, the Paris city council revealed that Cruise had lobbied officials Nicolas Sarkozy and Jean-Claude Gaudin, described him as a spokesman and militant for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.[95][96] Cruise co-founded and raised donations for Downtown Medical to offer New York City 9/11 rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. This drew criticism from the medical profession,[97] as well as firefighters.[98] For these activities and others, David Miscavige, the leader of Scientology, created the Scientology's Freedom Medal of Valor and awarded it to Cruise in late 2004.[99]

In January 2004, Tom Cruise said: "I think psychiatry should be outlawed."[100] A controversy erupted in 2005 after he openly criticized actress Brooke Shields for using the drug Paxil (paroxetine), an anti-depressant to which Shields attributes her recovery from postpartum depression after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance, and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience. Shields responded that Cruise "should stick to saving the world from aliens and let women who are experiencing postpartum depression decide what treatment options are best for them."[101] This led to a heated argument between Matt Lauer and Cruise on NBC's Today on June 24, 2005.[102] Medical authorities view Cruise's comments as furthering the social stigma of mental illness.[103][104] Shields herself called Cruise's comments "a disservice to mothers everywhere."[105] In late August 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments.[106] Scientology is well known for its opposition to mainstream psychiatry and the drugs it uses.[99]

On January 15, 2008, a video produced by the Church of Scientology featuring an interview with Cruise was posted on YouTube, showing Cruise discussing what being a Scientologist means to him.[107][108] The Church of Scientology said the video had been "pirated and edited", and was taken from a three-hour video produced for members of Scientology.[108][109] YouTube removed the Cruise video from their site under threat of litigation.[110]

In March 2004 his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, resigned. Cruise replaced her with his sister, fellow Scientologist Lee Anne DeVette, who served in that role until November 2005.[111] DeVette was replaced with Paul Bloch from the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan.[112] Such restructuring is seen as a move to curtail publicity of his views on Scientology, as well as the controversy surrounding his relationship with Katie Holmes.[113][114]

Filmography

Main article: Tom Cruise filmography

Discography

Soundtracks

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Tom Cruise

See also

References

  1. ^ Pomerantz, Dorothy (April 18, 2012). "Tom Cruise Tops Our List Of Hollywood's Highest-Paid Actors". Forbes. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  2. ^ "Tom Cruise". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
  3. ^ Claire Hoffman and Kim Christensen (December 18, 2005). "Tom Cruise and Scientology". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  4. ^ "About Tom". Time. Retrieved Fenruary 3, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ^ "Tom Cruise Biography". Retrieved October 17, 2007.
  6. ^ Stated on Inside the Actors Studio interview with Cruise, January 11, 2004; can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xYsFLyTsDU
  7. ^ "Genealogy.com: Ancestry of Tom Cruise". Genealogy.com website. Genealogy.com. August 8, 2002. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  8. ^ "North East Wales: Cruise's Welsh roots uncovered". BBC News website. BBC. January 18, 2004. Retrieved March 31, 2010. [dead link‍]
  9. ^ a b "Tom Cruise's Irish Ancestry". Eneclann. March 28, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  10. ^ "Ancestry of Tom Cruise". Wargs.com. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  11. ^ a b "I Can Create Who I Am". Parade. April 9, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography" (PDF). Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  13. ^ "Robert Hopkins School Profile" (PDF). Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  14. ^ "Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes: Very Different Upbringings". ABC. July 10, 2012.
  15. ^ Cf. Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography, pp.24-26.
  16. ^ Cf. Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography, page 47
  17. ^ Tom Cruise Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story. Biography.com. Retrieved on 2012-06-13.
  18. ^ "Risky Business". Rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  19. ^ Go Figure, Entertainment Weekly, December 30, 1994.
  20. ^ a b "Tom Cruise". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  21. ^ "Tom Cruise Movies, News, and Pictures on Rotten Tomatoes". Rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  22. ^ "Mission: Impossible III (2006)". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  23. ^ "Valkyrie (2008)". Box Office Mojo. April 16, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  24. ^ "Knight and Day". Knightanddaymovie.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  25. ^ "Cruise to star in 'Mission: Impossible 4' – Entertainment – Access Hollywood". MSNBC. February 9, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  26. ^ "Mission: Impossible Ghost Protocol (2011)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
  27. ^ "Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
  28. ^ Subers, Ray (February 7, 2012). "Around-the-World Roundup: 'M:I-4' Passes $600 Million Worldwide". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  29. ^ "Tom Cruise wins humanitarian award". ITN. May 7, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
  30. ^ Everett, Christina (May 15, 2012). "Tom Cruise flaunts his abs, fake tattoos in 'Rock of Ages'-inspired photo shoot for W magazine". Daily News). New York.
  31. ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (January 03, 2013). "Jack Reacher (2012)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 13 July 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ "Jack Reacher – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
  33. ^ "Jack Reacher". Box office mojo. Retrieved July 13 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. ^ "Oblivion". Metacritic. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  35. ^ "Oblivion". Box office mojo. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
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