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==Migration of Vrishnis to Dvaraka==
==Migration of Vrishnis to Dvaraka==
[[Jarasandha]], father-in-law of [[Kamsa]], invaded [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] with a vast army; and though Krishna destroyed his army of [[demon]]s, another [[asura]], [[Kalayavan]] by name, surrounded Mathura with another army of thirty million monstrous fiends. Then Krishna thought it well to depart to Dwaraka.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Sister Nivedita]] & Ananda K.Coomaraswamy: Myths and Legends of the Hindus and Bhuddhists, Kolkata, 2001 ISBN 81-7505-197-3</ref>
[[Jarasandha]], father-in-law of [[Kamsa]], invaded [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] with a vast army; and though Krishna destroyed his army of [[demon]]s, another [[asura]], [[Kalayavan]] by name, surrounded Mathura with another army of thirty million monstrous fiends. Then Krishna thought it well to depart to Dwaraka.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Sister Nivedita]] & Ananda K.Coomaraswamy: Myths and Legends of the Hindus and Bhuddhists, Kolkata, 2001 ISBN 81-7505-197-3</ref>

==Family of Krishna==
==Family of Krishna==
Krishna had 16,108 wives. [[Krishna]] married [[Rukmini]], daughter of King [[Bhishmaka]] of [[Vidarbha]]. He also married [[Mitrabinda]], [[Satyabhama]], [[Jambavati]] and others, winning each by great deeds; and another time, when a demon named [[Narakasura]] carried off and concealed many thousand princesses, Krishna pursued and slew him, and received these also into his house. Each of his wives had ten sons and one daughter.<ref name="REF">[http://krsnabook.com/ch61.html The Genealogical Table of the Family of Krishna]</ref> While [[Krishna]] was ruling at Dwaraka, [[Duryodhana]] was oppressing the [[Pandava]]s at [[Hastinapur]] and sought to compass their death. [[Krishna]] and [[Balarama]] went to give them help, and it was while [[Krishna]] was the Pandavas’ guest that he married [[Kalindi]], daughter of Sun.<ref name="ReferenceA" />
Krishna had 16,108 wives. [[Krishna]] married [[Rukmini]], daughter of King [[Bhishmaka]] of [[Vidarbha]]. He also married [[Mitrabinda]], [[Satyabhama]], [[Jambavati]] and others, winning each by great deeds; and another time, when a demon named [[Narakasura]] carried off and concealed many thousand princesses, Krishna pursued and slew him, and received these also into his house. Each of his wives had ten sons and one daughter.<ref name="REF">[http://krsnabook.com/ch61.html The Genealogical Table of the Family of Krishna]</ref> While [[Krishna]] was ruling at Dwaraka, [[Duryodhana]] was oppressing the [[Pandava]]s at [[Hastinapur]] and sought to compass their death. [[Krishna]] and [[Balarama]] went to give them help, and it was while [[Krishna]] was the Pandavas’ guest that he married [[Kalindi]], daughter of Sun.<ref name="ReferenceA" />


The following chart shows the family tree of Krishna.<ref name="Kashidasi Mahabharata">{{cite web |url=http://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8|title=Krishna's visit to Prabhasa along with his family, Mausala Parva, Mahabharata - Kashiram Das}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref>[http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/images/familytree-ext1.jpg Family Trees, The descendants of Pururava.]</ref>
The following chart shows the family tree of Krishna.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name="Kashidasi Mahabharata">{{cite web |url=http://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8|title=Krishna's visit to Prabhasa along with his family, Mausala Parva, Mahabharata - Kashiram Das}}</ref><ref>[http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/images/familytree-ext1.jpg Family Trees, The descendants of Pururava.]</ref>
{{familytree/start |summary=Vrishni married to , with children Yudhajit}}
{{familytree/start |summary=Vrishni married to , with children Yudhajit}}
{{familytree|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| BAR | |FOO=Vrishni<sup>♂</sup>|BAR=consort<sup>♀#</sup>}}
{{familytree|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| BAR | |FOO=Vrishni<sup>♂</sup>|BAR=consort<sup>♀#</sup>}}
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{{familytree|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| PRA | | BHA | | SAM | | VIR | | SRU | | GAT | | VRI | | SAN | | DIP | | OTH | |SAM=[[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]], Sumitra, Purujit, Satajit, Sahasrajit, Vijaya, Citraketu, Vasuman, Dravida and Kratu|SRU=Sruta, Kavi, Vrisha, Vira, Subahu, Bhadra, Santi, Darsa, Purnamasa and Somaka|GAT=Praghosha, Gatravan, Simha, Bala, Prabala, Urdhaga, Mahasakti, Saha, Oja and Aparajita|PRA=[[Pradyumna]], Charudeshna, Sudeshna, Charudeha, Sucharu, Charugupta, Bhadracharu, Charuchandra, Vicharu and Charu|SAN=Sangramajit, Brihatsena, Sura, Praharana, Arijith, Jaya and Subhadra, Vama, Ayur and Satyaka|VIR=Vira, Candra, Asvasena, Citragu, Vegavan, Vrisha, Ama, Sanku, Vasu and Kunti|OTH=each wife had 10 sons and 1 daughter|VRI=Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Sain, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni and Kshudhi|BHA=Bhanu, Subhanu, Svarbhanu, Prabhanu, Bhanuman, Chandrabhanu, Brihadbhanu, Atibhanu, Shreebhanu and Pratibhanu|DIP=Diptiman, Tamratapta and 8 others}}
{{familytree|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| PRA | | BHA | | SAM | | VIR | | SRU | | GAT | | VRI | | SAN | | DIP | | OTH | |SAM=[[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]], Sumitra, Purujit, Satajit, Sahasrajit, Vijaya, Citraketu, Vasuman, Dravida and Kratu|SRU=Sruta, Kavi, Vrisha, Vira, Subahu, Bhadra, Santi, Darsa, Purnamasa and Somaka|GAT=Praghosha, Gatravan, Simha, Bala, Prabala, Urdhaga, Mahasakti, Saha, Oja and Aparajita|PRA=[[Pradyumna]], Charudeshna, Sudeshna, Charudeha, Sucharu, Charugupta, Bhadracharu, Charuchandra, Vicharu and Charu|SAN=Sangramajit, Brihatsena, Sura, Praharana, Arijith, Jaya and Subhadra, Vama, Ayur and Satyaka|VIR=Vira, Candra, Asvasena, Citragu, Vegavan, Vrisha, Ama, Sanku, Vasu and Kunti|OTH=each wife had 10 sons and 1 daughter|VRI=Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Sain, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni and Kshudhi|BHA=Bhanu, Subhanu, Svarbhanu, Prabhanu, Bhanuman, Chandrabhanu, Brihadbhanu, Atibhanu, Shreebhanu and Pratibhanu|DIP=Diptiman, Tamratapta and 8 others}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/end}}



*Vrishni is shown as the head of the "Vrishni" clan.
*Vrishni is shown as the head of the "Vrishni" clan.
*The members born to the family are linked with solid lines (—)
*The members born to the family are linked with solid lines (—)
*The wives of the male members are linked with dashed lines (--)
*The wives of the male members are linked with dashed lines (--)
*Upto Surasena only the male members leading to the generation of [[Krishna]] are shown and other members are ignored.
*Up to Surasena only the male members leading to the generation of [[Krishna]] are shown and other members are ignored.
*The individual male members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♂".
*The individual male members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♂".
*The individual female members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♀".
*The individual female members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♀".
Line 58: Line 58:


==Vrishnis in ancient literature==
==Vrishnis in ancient literature==
[[Pāṇini]] in his ''Ashtadhyayi'' (IV.1.114, VI.2.34) mentioned about the Vrishnis along with the Andhakas. The ''Arthashastra'' of Kautilya described the Vrishnis as a ''sangha'' (tribal confederation). In the [[Mahabharata]] (Drona Parva, 141.15) the Vrishnis and the Andhakas are referred as ''Vratya''s.<ref>Raychaudhury, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.126-8</ref>
[[Pāṇini]] in his ''Ashtadhyayi'' (IV.1.114, VI.2.34) mentioned about the Vrishnis along with the Andhakas. The ''Arthashastra'' of Kautilya described the Vrishnis as a ''sangha'' (tribal confederation). In the [[Mahabharata]] (Drona Parva, 141.15) the Vrishnis and the Andhakas are referred as ''Vratya''s.<ref>Raychaudhury, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.126-8</ref>


==Vrishni coins==
==Vrishni coins==

Revision as of 13:15, 14 May 2012

The Vrishnis (Template:Lang-sa) were an ancient Indian clan who were believed as the descendants of Vrishni, a descendent of Yadu. It is believed that Vrishni was son of Satvata, a descendant of Yadu, the son of Yayati. He had two wives, Gandhari and Madri. He has a son named Devamidhusha by his wife Madri. Vasudeva, the father of Krishna was the grandson of Devamidhusha.[1] Krishna belonged to this Vrishni branch of the Lunar race from whom he got the name Varshneya.[2] According to the Puranas, the Vrishnis were residents of Dvaraka.


Migration of Vrishnis to Dvaraka

Jarasandha, father-in-law of Kamsa, invaded Mathura with a vast army; and though Krishna destroyed his army of demons, another asura, Kalayavan by name, surrounded Mathura with another army of thirty million monstrous fiends. Then Krishna thought it well to depart to Dwaraka.[3]

Family of Krishna

Krishna had 16,108 wives. Krishna married Rukmini, daughter of King Bhishmaka of Vidarbha. He also married Mitrabinda, Satyabhama, Jambavati and others, winning each by great deeds; and another time, when a demon named Narakasura carried off and concealed many thousand princesses, Krishna pursued and slew him, and received these also into his house. Each of his wives had ten sons and one daughter.[4] While Krishna was ruling at Dwaraka, Duryodhana was oppressing the Pandavas at Hastinapur and sought to compass their death. Krishna and Balarama went to give them help, and it was while Krishna was the Pandavas’ guest that he married Kalindi, daughter of Sun.[3]

The following chart shows the family tree of Krishna.[3][5][6]

Vrishni♂consort♀#
Yudhajit♂consort♀#
Anamitra♂consort♀#
Vrishni♂consort♀#
Chitraratha♂consort♀#
Viduratha♂consort♀#
4 generations
Hridika♂consort♀#
Devamidha♂consort♀#
Surasena♂consort♀#
Devaki♀#Vasudeva♂Rohini♀#Kunti♀9 other sons♂4 other daughters♀
Krishna♂other sons♂Balarama♂Subhadra♀
Rukmini♀#Satyabhama♀#Jambavati♀#Nagnajiti♀#Kalindi♀#Madra♀#Mitravinda♀#Bhadra♀#Rohini♀#16,100 other wives♀#
Pradyumna, Charudeshna, Sudeshna, Charudeha, Sucharu, Charugupta, Bhadracharu, Charuchandra, Vicharu and CharuBhanu, Subhanu, Svarbhanu, Prabhanu, Bhanuman, Chandrabhanu, Brihadbhanu, Atibhanu, Shreebhanu and PratibhanuSamba, Sumitra, Purujit, Satajit, Sahasrajit, Vijaya, Citraketu, Vasuman, Dravida and KratuVira, Candra, Asvasena, Citragu, Vegavan, Vrisha, Ama, Sanku, Vasu and KuntiSruta, Kavi, Vrisha, Vira, Subahu, Bhadra, Santi, Darsa, Purnamasa and SomakaPraghosha, Gatravan, Simha, Bala, Prabala, Urdhaga, Mahasakti, Saha, Oja and AparajitaVrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Sain, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni and KshudhiSangramajit, Brihatsena, Sura, Praharana, Arijith, Jaya and Subhadra, Vama, Ayur and SatyakaDiptiman, Tamratapta and 8 otherseach wife had 10 sons and 1 daughter
  • Vrishni is shown as the head of the "Vrishni" clan.
  • The members born to the family are linked with solid lines (—)
  • The wives of the male members are linked with dashed lines (--)
  • Up to Surasena only the male members leading to the generation of Krishna are shown and other members are ignored.
  • The individual male members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♂".
  • The individual female members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♀".
  • The female members who not born to the family but are related through marriage are denoted by the symbol "#".
  • The sons of Krishna born to each of his eight princely wives are not shown separately due to their large number.
  • The names of the children of Krishna born to each of the rest of his 16,100 wives are not mentioned.

End of the Vrishnis

After the death of Duryodhana in Mahabharata, Krishna received the curse of Gandhari. She bewailed the death of her son and of friend and foe; then recognizing Hari as the Prime Mover, the One behind All, she cursed him for letting such things befall. This was her curse: that after 36 years Krishna should perish alone miserably and his people, the Vrishnis, should be destroyed. These things in due time came to pass. A madness seized the people of Dwaraka so that they fell upon one another and were slain, together with all sons and grandsons of Krishna. Only the women and Krishna and Balarama remained alive. Then Balarama went to the forest, and Krishna first sent a messenger to the Kuru city, to place the city and women of Dwaraka under the Pandavas protection, and then took leave of his father; afterward he himself sought the forest, where Balarama awaited him. Krishna discovered his brother seated under a mighty tree on the edge of the forest; he sat like a yogi, and behold, there came forth from his mouth a mighty snake, the thousand headed naga, Ananta, and glided away to ocean. Ocean himself and the sacred rivers and many divine nagas came to meet him. Thus Krishna beheld his brother depart from human world, and he wandered alone in forest. He thought of Gandhari's curse and all that had befallen, and he knew that the time had come for his own departure. He restrained his senses in yoga and laid himself down. Then there came a hunter that way and thought him a deer, and loosed a shaft and pierced his foot; but when he came close the hunter beheld a man wrapped in yellow robes practicing yoga. Thinking himself an offender, he touched his feet. Then Krishna rose and gave him comfort, and himself ascended to Heaven.[3]

Arjuna went to Dwaraka and brought away the women and children of the Vrishnis, and set out for Kurukshetra. On the way a band of warriors from abhira[7] tribe attacked the cavalcade and carried away a great part of women and children. Arjuna established the others with the remnants of Krishna's descendants in new cities; but Rukmini and many others of Krishna's wives became Sati, burning themselves on pyre, and others became ascetics and nuns. The waters of ocean advanced and overwhelmed Dwaraka so that no trace remained.[3]

Vrishnis in ancient literature

Pāṇini in his Ashtadhyayi (IV.1.114, VI.2.34) mentioned about the Vrishnis along with the Andhakas. The Arthashastra of Kautilya described the Vrishnis as a sangha (tribal confederation). In the Mahabharata (Drona Parva, 141.15) the Vrishnis and the Andhakas are referred as Vratyas.[8]

Vrishni coins

A Vrishni silver coin from Alexander Cunningham's Coins of Ancient India: From the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century (1891)

Alexander Cunningham found a unique silver coin of the Vrishnis from Hoshiarpur, Punjab. This coin is presently at the British Museum, London. This circular coin has a sort of nandipada-standard-in-railing, a mythical animal, half lion and half elephant and a circular Brahmi legend Vṛṣṇirāja Jñāgaṇasya trātārasya on the obverse and an elaborate chakra of twelve spokes in pellet border with slightly truncated Kharoshthi legend Vṛṣṇirājaṇṇa(gaṇasa) tra(tarasa) the reverse.[9] Later a number of Vrishni copper coins were also discovered from Punjab.

References

  1. ^ Pargiter F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pp.103-7
  2. ^ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Adhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998
  3. ^ a b c d e Sister Nivedita & Ananda K.Coomaraswamy: Myths and Legends of the Hindus and Bhuddhists, Kolkata, 2001 ISBN 81-7505-197-3
  4. ^ The Genealogical Table of the Family of Krishna
  5. ^ "Krishna's visit to Prabhasa along with his family, Mausala Parva, Mahabharata - Kashiram Das".
  6. ^ Family Trees, The descendants of Pururava.
  7. ^ The Mahabharata Book 16: Mausala Parva, Kisari Mohan Ganguli, tr. [1883-1896]
  8. ^ Raychaudhury, H.C. (1972). Political History of Ancient India, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.126-8
  9. ^ Lahiri, Bela (1974). Indigenous States of Northern India (Circa 200 B.C. to 320 A.D.), Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.242-3
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