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| <ref name="mahiyangana">{{cite news|url=http://www.lakehouse.lk/budusarana/2002/01/28/Budu01.pdf|title=Mahiyangana Cetiya - The first of its kind in Sri Lanka|last=Ratnasinghe|first=Aryadasa|date=2002-01-28|work=Budusarana|accessdate=2009-09-25|format=.pdf}}</ref><ref name="aves">{{cite book|last=Aves|first=Edward |title=Sri Lanka|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|date=2003|pages=292|isbn=9781903471784|url=http://books.google.lk/books?id=s1eObyRxgc8C&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref>
| <ref name="mahiyangana">{{cite news|url=http://www.lakehouse.lk/budusarana/2002/01/28/Budu01.pdf|title=Mahiyangana Cetiya - The first of its kind in Sri Lanka|last=Ratnasinghe|first=Aryadasa|date=2002-01-28|work=Budusarana|accessdate=2009-09-25|format=.pdf}}</ref><ref name="aves">{{cite book|last=Aves|first=Edward |title=Sri Lanka|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|date=2003|pages=292|isbn=9781903471784|url=http://books.google.lk/books?id=s1eObyRxgc8C&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Temple of Nagadipa|Nagadipa]]
| [[Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya|Nagadeepa]]
| Nagadipam
| Nagadipam
| [[Naga people of Sri Lanka|Naga]] kings Chulodara and Mahodara
| [[Naga people of Sri Lanka|Naga]] kings Chulodara and Mahodara

Revision as of 21:03, 14 September 2011

Solosmasthana are 16 sacred places in Sri Lanka, believed by Buddhists to have been hallowed by visits of Gautama Buddha.[1] These places of worship are among the most important religious locations in Sri Lanka, and are located throughout the country.[2] Ancient Buddhist and historical sources of Sri Lanka assert that the Buddha visited the country on three occasions. These three visits are given in some detail in the ancient chronicle Mahavamsa, which describes his journeys to eleven of the Solosmasthana.[3] Other sources such as the Pujavaliya, Samantapasadika and Butsarana also mention these visits.[4]

Early history

The first visit was made to Mahiyangana in the ninth month after the Buddha attained enlightenment.[5] The Mahavamsa says that he conquered the yakshas there and sent them to an island named Giri, thereby setting the background for the establishment of Buddhism in the country later on, where the Buddha knew that the dharma would prevail "in all its glory".[6] The Buddha's second visit to Sri Lanka was made to Nagadipa in the fifth year after attaining enlightenment, where he settled a dispute between Naga kings Chulodara and Mahodara regarding a jeweled chair.[7] In the eighth year after enlightenment, the Buddha made his third and final visit to the country accompanied by 500 bhikkhus. This visit was to Kelaniya and was due to an invitation by a Naga king named Maniakkika, who had asked the Buddha to come to his kingdom during the previous visit. After a discourse on Dharma at Maniakkika's abode, the Mahavamsa records that the Buddha visited Samantakuta, Diva Guhava, Dighavapi, and the places where the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, Ruwanwelisaya, Thuparamaya and Sela Cetiya now stand.[7] The Samantapasadika mentions that the Buddha also visited Muthiyangana during this visit.[8] It is possible that the other sites may have been included in Solosmasthana because of the monumental stupas built by Buddhist kings at these locations.[9]

With the decline of the ancient kingdoms of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, most of the Solosmasthana were abandoned.[10] It was not until the 20th century that all of them received the attention of the Sangha and Buddhists in the country and were renovated.[11] A Pali gatha, praising the Solosmasthana, is in use among Buddhists. This gatha, which lists all of the Solosmasthana, is recited especially when making offerings to the Buddha.[12]

Place Pali name[13][N 1] Built by Reference
Mahiyangana Mahiyanganam Saman, a local chieftain and later a Buddhist deity [14][15]
Nagadeepa Nagadipam Naga kings Chulodara and Mahodara [16]
Kelaniya Kalyanam Naga king Maniakkika [17]
Sri Pada Padalancanam — [18][19]
Diva Guhava Divaguham — [20]
Dighavapi Dighavapi Saddha Tissa [21]
Muthiyangana Cetiyanca Mutiyanganam Indika, a local chieftain and later a Buddhist deity [22]
Tissamaharama Tissa Mahaviharanca Kavan Tissa [23]
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi Bodhinn Planted during the reign of Devanampiya Tissa [24]
Mirisavetiya Maricavattiyam Dutthagamani [25]
Ruwanwelisaya Suvarnamali Maha Ceti Dutthagamani [1]
Thuparamaya Tuparama Devanampiya Tissa [26]
Abhayagiriya Bhayagirim Valagamba [27]
Jetavanaramaya Jetavanam Mahasena [28]
Sela Cetiya Sela Caitiyam Lanja Tissa [29]
Kiri Vehera Thathakacaragamakam Parakramabahu I/ Mahasena[N 2] [4]
Seruvila Kavantissa [30]
  • Note : The total number of places which Lord Buddha visited are 16 or 17, during three visits to Sri Lanka, the fact still not concluded by the Buddhist authorities in Sri Lanka.
  • Nagadeepa Viharaya
    Nagadeepa Viharaya
  • Kelani Viharaya
    Kelani Viharaya
  • Sri Pada
    Sri Pada
  • Deegawapiya
    Deegawapiya
  • Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
    Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
  • Ruwanwelisaya
    Ruwanwelisaya
  • Thuparamaya
    Thuparamaya
  • Abayagiriya
    Abayagiriya
  • Jetavanaramaya
    Jetavanaramaya

Notes

  1. ^ This is the name used to refer to the location in the pali gatha about Solosmasthana.
  2. ^ This is not the Mahasena (275 – 301 AD) who constructed Jetavanaramaya but a king who had ruled during the Buddha's visit to this area.[20]

See also

References

Specific
  1. ^ a b Garnier, Anjalie (2009-05-13). "Ruwanweliseya: Architectural wonder of rich cultural heritage". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  2. ^ Claus, Peter J. (2003). South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. p. 85. ISBN 9780415939195. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Holt (1996), p. 57
  4. ^ a b Jayawardana, Ruwini (2009-04-18). "Kiri vehera: Focul point of pilgrimage to the south". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  5. ^ Wijesooriya (2006), p. 5
  6. ^ Wijesooriya (2006), p. 6
  7. ^ a b Wijesooriya (2006), p. 7
  8. ^ Holt (1996), p. 61
  9. ^ Holt (1996), p. 62
  10. ^ Siriweera p. 252
  11. ^ Mutukumara, Nemsiri (2003-06-14). "Mihintalava". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  12. ^ Mutukumara, Nemsiri (2004-07-31). "Restoration program spreading fast". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
  13. ^ Mutukumara, H.M. Nemsiri (2005-06-21). "Unite and restore past glory". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  14. ^ Ratnasinghe, Aryadasa (2002-01-28). "Mahiyangana Cetiya - The first of its kind in Sri Lanka" (.pdf). Budusarana. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  15. ^ Aves, Edward (2003). Sri Lanka. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 292. ISBN 9781903471784.
  16. ^ Wettimuny, Samangie (2009-04-05). "Buddha's visit to Nagadeepa". The Sunday Observer. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  17. ^ Wettimuny, Samangie (2009-05-17). "The splendour of Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara". The Sunday Observer. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  18. ^ "Seruwila to Sri Pada (Sacred Foot Print Shrine)". UNESCO.org. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  19. ^ KappagodaD., D. B. (2006-01-08). "A peak surrounded in mist and mystery". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  20. ^ a b Mahendra, Sachitra (2008-05-19). "Vesak Poya - Significant and historical aspects". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  21. ^ Punchihewa, Gamini (2002-12-2008). "Kanchanakudah memories". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2009-09-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "Location Based Information—Badulla District". District and Divisional Secretariats Portal—Ministry of Public Administration and Home Affairs. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  23. ^ de Silva, Theja (2009-03-15). "Kavantissa: Master of strategy". The Nation. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  24. ^ Ludowyk, E. F. C. (1985). The Story of Ceylon. Navrang Booksellers & Publishers. p. 30. ISBN 81-7013-020-4.
  25. ^ Siriweera (2004), p. 27
  26. ^ "Cultural Treasures". The Sunday Observer. 2007-06-03. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  27. ^ Chandrarathne, Ranga (2005-10-16). "Abhayagiriya - a remnant of a monastery". The Sunday Observer. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  28. ^ Wijesinghe, Nimal (2009-06-17). "Jetawana Stupa open to public from June 18". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  29. ^ Senaveratna, John M. (1997). The story of the Sinhalese from the most ancient times up to the end of "the Mahavansa" or Great dynasty: Vijaya to Maha Sena, B.C. 543 to A.D.302. Asian Educational Services. p. 182. ISBN 9788120612716.
  30. ^ "Seruwila Mangala Raja Maha Vihara". UNESCO.org. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
General
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