Heavy metal genres: Difference between revisions
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==Groove metal== |
==Groove metal== |
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{{Main|Groove metal}} |
{{Main|Groove metal}} |
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Also known as neo-thrash, post-thrash, or power groove, groove metal consists of slow or mid-tempo and down tuned [[thrash metal|thrash]] riffs, [[blues]]y guitar solos, greatly emphasized drum work and harsh vocals. Examples of groove metal include [[Pantera]], [[Lamb of God]], [[Machine Head (band)|Machine Head]], [[Sepultura]] and [[ |
Also known as neo-thrash, post-thrash, or power groove, groove metal consists of slow or mid-tempo and down tuned [[thrash metal|thrash]] riffs, [[blues]]y guitar solos, greatly emphasized drum work and harsh vocals. Examples of groove metal include [[Pantera]], [[Lamb of God]], [[Machine Head (band)|Machine Head]], [[Sepultura]] and [[DevilDriver]] <!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.--> |
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==Industrial metal== |
==Industrial metal== |
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Revision as of 20:46, 6 June 2011
 | This article possibly contains original research. (October 2009) |
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2011) |
A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to metal) during the late 1960s and early 1970s. At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits. They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.
Alternative metal
Alternative metal is a cross-genre term used to describe heavy metal bands with a pronounced experimental edge. Bands often use typical heavy metal instruments, but include unconventional lyrics, odd time signatures and unusual technique. In many instances it is described as a fusion of metal and alternative rock. Prominent bands in this genre include Linkin Park, Tool, Breaking Benjamin and System Of A Down.
Avant-garde metal
Avant-garde metal (sometimes called experimental metal) is a cross-genre term used to describe metal bands that exhibit experimentation through non-standard sounds, instruments, and song structures akin to the genre of metal they are rooted in. Examples include Arcturus, Fantômas, Mr. Bungle and Meshuggah.
Black metal
Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos, shrieked vocals, highly distorted guitars played with tremolo picking in oftentimes droning or hypnotic patterns, and unconventional song structure. It places more emphasis on creating a specific atmosphere of dread or depression than death metal or thrash metal, something it shares with doom metal.
During the first half of the 1980s, certain thrash metal bands established a prototype for black metal. This First Wave includes bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer and Celtic Frost.[1] A Second Wave emerged in the early 1990s, which consisted primarily of Norwegian bands such as Burzum, Mayhem, Darkthrone, Immortal, Gorgoroth, Satyricon, and Emperor.
Christian metal
Christian metal is a cross-genre term used to describe metal bands that introduce Christian themes into their lyrics. This sub-genre has a long tradition within metal, starting with Christian hard rock bands springing up alongside the NWOBHM phenomenon to the Christian metalcore bands today. Often the Christian themes are melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, generally providing a Christian take on the subject matter. Examples include Stryper, P.O.D., Tourniquet, and Mortification.
Crust punk
Crust punk (often simply crust) is one of the evolutions of anarcho-punk and hardcore punk, mixed with extreme metal guitar riffs.[2] The style, which evolved in the mid-1980s in the UK, often had songs with dark, pessimistic lyrics, lingering on political and social ills. It is typically played at a fast tempo with growled and screamed vocals and anarchist lyrics. Notable crust punk bands include Amebix, Antisect, and Doom.
Death metal
Death metal is an extreme heavy metal subgenre. The genre is typically characterized by the use of heavily distorted guitars, harsh vocals that are low-pitched and/or growled, dark and morbid lyrics, exceptionally fast-paced rhythms and melodies, frequent blast beats on drums, and complex song structures with multiple tempo changes.
Building off of the speed and complexity of thrash metal, death metal came to true prominence by the mid 1980s.[1] Bands like Possessed and pioneer death metal bands such as Death, Morbid Angel, Cannibal Corpse and Deicide are considered prime influences in the genre.[3] In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more media attention as popular record labels like Earache Records and Roadrunner Records began to sign death metal bands at a rapid rate.[4] Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning a rich variety of subgenres.[5][6]
Doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme form of heavy metal music during the first half of the 1980s.[7] Generally, doom metal features very slow tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "denser" or "heavier" sound than other metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics intend to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom.[7]
It is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, particularly songs such as "Black Sabbath" and "Into the Void", which are considered embryonic or prototypical doom metal songs. However, the style was defined as a genre in the early-mid 1980s by bands such as Pentagram, Saint Vitus and Candlemass. Doom metal is generally regarded as the basis of the gothic metal, stoner metal, sludge metal and drone metal genres.
Drone metal
Drone metal began as a derivative of doom metal and it is largely defined by drones; notes or chords that are sustained and repeated throughout a piece of music. Typically, the electric guitar is performed with large amounts of reverb and feedback[8] while vocals, if present, are usually growled or screamed. Songs are often very long and lack beat or rhythm in the traditional sense. Drone doom is generally influenced by drone music,[8] noise music[8] and minimalist music.[8] The style emerged in the early 1990s and was pioneered by Earth,[9] Boris,[8] and Sunn O))).[8]
Extreme metal
Extreme metal is a cross-genre term used to describe heavy metal that is considerably heavier, faster, more aggressive and more abrasive. For example; vocalists may often use death growls or high-pitched shrieks and more obscene lyrics, drummers may often use blast beats, and the band's appearance may be intended to shock. Bands of this grouping are typically of the black metal, death metal, doom metal and thrash metal genres. The term is also used when a band is musically "extreme" enough but does not conform easily to any of the extreme metal genres; bands of this calibre include Cradle Of Filth, Celtic Frost and Strapping Young Lad.
Folk metal
Folk metal developed in Europe during the 1990s. As the name suggests, the genre is a fusion of heavy metal with folk music. This includes the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles. Examples of the genre include Skyclad, Finntroll, Eluveitie, Korpiklaani, Ensiferum, Turisas, Moonsorrow, Elvenking, Mägo de Oz, Tuatha de Danann, and Týr; the bands Cruachan, Orphaned Land and Subway to Sally are representative of the three subgenres Celtic metal, Oriental metal and medieval metal respectively. Pagan metal is also considered a genre separate from folk metal that is an extreme form and focuses on lyrics rather than definite characteristics of the genre.
Funk metal
Funk metal is essentially a fusion of heavy metal and funk. It started off in the late eighties as a subgenre of alternative metal, and was heavily influenced by alternative rock bands such as Red Hot Chili Peppers and Fishbone. Funk metal was also one of the key influences of the nu metal genre. Notable funk metal bands include Primus, Living Colour, Faith No More, and Rage Against The Machine.
Glam metal
Glam metal (also known as hair metal)[10] is a term used to describe the visual style of certain heavy metal music bands that arose in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States, particularly on the Los Angeles Sunset Strip music scene. It was popular throughout the 1980s and briefly in the early 1990s, combining the flamboyant look of glam rock and playing a commercial hard rock/heavy metal musical style. "Hair bands" was the term popularized by MTV in the 1990s and derives from the tendency among glam metal acts to style their long hair in a teased-up fashion. Many of the bands donned make-up to achieve an androgynous look, similar to that of some 1970s glam rock acts. Mötley Crüe, Poison and Twisted Sister are examples of bands who adopted the glam metal look in their stage attire and their music video imagery.
Gothic metal
Gothic metal is characterised as a combination of the dark melancholy of gothic rock with the aggression and sonic power of highly amplified heavy metal music. The genre originated during the mid 1990s in Europe as an outgrowth of doom-death, a fusion genre of doom metal and death metal. Examples of gothic metal bands include Paradise Lost, Lacuna Coil, Type O Negative, Moonspell, My Dying Bride, Elis, Sirenia, Stravaganzza, Theatre of Tragedy and Tristania.
Grindcore
Grindcore is a fusion of crust punk and thrash metal or death metal. It is characterised by growling vocals, blast beats, and incredibly short songs with lyrics that are often focused on gore and violence, though sometimes the lyrics can be political. Grindcore, in contrast to death metal, is often very chaotic, and lacks the standard use of time signatures. The style was pioneered by the British band Napalm Death in the eighties. Other notable grindcore bands include Carcass, Brutal Truth, Anal Cunt and Pig Destroyer. Styles related to grindcore include deathgrind, which has a much more notable death metal influence, goregrind, which often has comically gory lyrics, and pornogrind, which is similar to goregrind but trades the gory lyrics for sexually explicit ones.
Groove metal
Also known as neo-thrash, post-thrash, or power groove, groove metal consists of slow or mid-tempo and down tuned thrash riffs, bluesy guitar solos, greatly emphasized drum work and harsh vocals. Examples of groove metal include Pantera, Lamb of God, Machine Head, Sepultura and DevilDriver
Industrial metal
Industrial metal combines elements of industrial music and heavy metal. It is usually centered around repetitive metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or sequencer lines, and distorted vocals.[11] Prominent industrial metal groups include Rammstein, Static-X, Godflesh,[12] Marilyn Manson,[13] Ministry, and Nine Inch Nails.
Metalcore
Metalcore combines elements of hardcore punk with heavy metal, thrash metal or extreme metal. Generally, metalcore guitarists use harmonized guitar riffs and solos, drummers use hardcore d-beats and double bass drums, and vocalists use a sing-along style. A distinguishing characteristic is the "breakdown", whereby the song is slowed to half-time and the guitarists play open strings to achieve the lowest-pitched sound. Metalcore generally differs from thrash metal in that it avoids the "chugging" guitar sound and focuses more on melody than aggression. Prominent metalcore bands include Bullet For My Valentine, Killswitch Engage, All That Remains, and Shadows Fall. Most modern metalcore bands are from North America.
Melodic death metal
Melodic death metal (also referred to as melodeath) is a musical style, a subgenre of death metal which combines the melody of the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) with the intensity of death metal. The term Gothenburg metal is sometimes used as a reference to the scene around the city in Sweden, where the style became popular. Some prominent melodic death metal bands include At the Gates, Dark Tranquillity, Amon Amarth and In Flames.
Neo-classical metal
Neo-classical metal (also known as shred metal) is a subgenre that is heavily influenced by classical music in its style of composition. It uses a very technical style of guitar soloing called shred guitar, in which guitarists use cross-picking, sweep picking, and economy picking to play rapid scales and arpeggios. As well, it uses elements borrowed from classical music; including instruments, scales and melodies. Yngwie J. Malmsteen, Tony MacAlpine and Vinnie Moore are prominent performers in this genre.
Nintendocore
Nintendocore (also called Nintendo rock[14][15] or video rock[15]) is fusion of metalcore,[16][17] hardcore punk,[18][19] and post-hardcore[20] with video game music, chiptunes, and 8-bit music.[14][18][20] Some representatives of the style include Horse the Band,[19][20][17] The Advantage,[15][14] and Minibosses.[14][21]
Nu metal
Nu metal is a subgenre that blends heavy metal elements with other styles, including hip hop and grunge. Some nu metal bands use seven-string guitars, which are sometimes down-tuned to increase heaviness, resulting in bass guitarists using five and six-string instruments.[22] Turntables, sequencers and samplers are sometimes included.[22] In 1994, Korn became the first band to be labeled as "nu metal".[23] Linkin Park, Korn, Limp Bizkit are prominent bands in this genre
Post-metal
This heavy metal movement takes influences from post-rock. While it is in many ways similar to post-rock, post-metal tends to include lower-tuned guitars, distorted guitar(s), heavy atmospherics, gradual evolution of song structure, and a minimal emphasis on vocals. Post-metal stresses emotion, contrasting the ambiance of post-rock with the weight and bombast of metal. Vocals are deemphasized or non-existent, and lyrics tend to be equally abstract: often thematic or philosophical in nature. It is a largely American phenomenon, but also includes some Japanese bands. Bands like Neurosis, Isis, Cult of Luna, and Pelican write lengthy songs (typically five or six per album) that can range from light and guitar-driven to heavy, drum and bass-driven.
Power metal
Power metal is more upbeat than most metal genres, taking heavy influence from heavy metal and speed metal. Power metal often emphasizes clean, melodic, high-pitched vocals, fast pacing that is mostly driven by double bass drumming and melodic lead guitar. The rhythm guitar is defined by straight power chord progressions. Sometimes, screamed vocals or gang vocals are used, but usually only as backing vocals. Power metal leans toward the positive, happy side of life, seeking to empower the listener and inspire joy and courage. Power metal lyrics usually involve fantasy or science fiction themes. Examples of power metal bands include Sonata Arctica, Helloween, Dragonforce, Iced Earth, Firewind, Sabaton, and Blind Guardian.
Progressive metal
Progressive metal is a fusion between progressive rock and heavy metal. It is one of heavy metal's more complex genres, due to its use of unusual and dynamic time signatures, long compositions, complex compositional structures, and skilled instrumental playing, where instrumental solos are detailed and extended. However, the latest age of Progressive Metal has favoured rougher lyrics and lower-pitched riff sequences with high amounts of strumming. Vocals, if present, are melodic (though there are a few that utilise unclean vocals), and lyrics are often philosophical, spiritual, or political. Many bands of the genre were influenced by the progressive rock band Rush, who would often incorporate elements of heavy metal into their music. Examples of the genre include Pain of Salvation, Queensrÿche, Dream Theater, Mastodon, and Fates Warning.
Rap metal
Rap metal is a cross-genre term used to describe bands that institute the vocal and lyrical form of hip hop. Examples of rap metal include Linkin Park, Limp Bizkit, Stuck Mojo and Rage Against The Machine. Often mislabled as Nu-Metal, which has similar elements in the music. Rap metal usually does not include turntables or sampling into its sound, although keyboards are often used.
Sludge metal
Sludge metal began as a derivative of doom metal, incorporating hardcore punk and elements of Southern rock. Many sludge bands compose slow and heavy songs that contain brief hardcore passages.[24][25] However, some bands emphasise fast tempos throughout their music.[26] The string instruments are heavily distorted and are often played with large amounts of feedback to produce an abrasive, sludgy sound. Drumming is often performed in typical doom metal fashion, but drummers may employ hardcore d-beat or double-kick drumming during faster passages. Vocals are usually shouted or screamed, and lyrics are generally pessimistic in nature. Suffering, drug abuse, politics and anger towards society are common lyrical themes. New Orleans with its metal scene is often considered as its birthplace.[7] The style was pioneered in the early 1990s by bands such as Eyehategod,[24] Crowbar,[25] Buzzov*en,[26] and Acid Bath.[27]
Southern metal
Southern metal is a subgenre of heavy metal, which contains elements from blues & country. Southern metal is similar to southern rock but heavier and more aggressive. Examples of southern metal include Superjoint Ritual, Maylene and the Sons of Disaster and Spiderbait.
Speed metal
Speed metal originated in the late 1970s and early 1980s and was the direct musical progenitor of thrash metal.[28] When speed metal first emerged as a genre, it increased the tempos that had been used by early heavy metal bands, while retaining their melodic approaches. Examples of speed metal include Venom, Motorhead, Annihilator and Accept.
Stoner metal
Stoner metal is typically slow-to-mid tempo, low-tuned, and bass-heavy.[29] It combines elements of psychedelic rock, blues-rock and doom metal, often with melodic vocals and 'retro' production.[30] The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by the Californian bands Kyuss[31] and Sleep.[32] Other prominent stoner metal bands include Acid King, Electric Wizard, and Sons of Otis.
Symphonic metal
Symphonic metal varies in form. It most commonly refers to heavy metal bands that use orchestral elements in their music. These elements include full orchestras, opera themes, vocals or keyboard playing akin to that of opera or symphony music, and a softer and more upbeat nature than other metal genres. Prominent examples include Nightwish, Within Temptation, Epica and Therion.
Technical death metal
Technical death metal (often abbreviated to tech death), is characterised by fast, technically complex guitar and drum work, often including sweeping guitar solos. Vocals often adopt the guttural sound of death metal. Some of the first tech death bands include Death, Pestilence, Atheist, Nocturnus, Cynic, Cephalic Carnage, Nile and Necrophagist, among others. The music is often dark in nature, although, many bands have claim to classical influence.
Thrash metal
Thrash metal is often regarded as the first form of extreme metal. It is generally characterised by its fast tempos, complexity and aggression. Thrash metal guitar playing is most notable for the "chugging" sound it creates through low-pitched palm muted riffs, and high-pitched shred guitar solos. Drummers often use double-kick and double-bass drumming. Vocals are most often shouted or sung in an aggressive manner.
Thrash metal evolved from speed metal, NWOBHM and early hardcore punk at the beginning of the 1980s, although Black Sabbath's 1975 song "Symptom of the Universe" is often regarded as the earliest example of a thrash metal riff, and "Stone Cold Crazy" by Queen is an even earlier example. Bands such as Metallica, Slayer, Anthrax and Megadeth spearheaded thrash metal and are referred to as the genre's "big four", while on the European side Sodom, Kreator and Destruction form the so-called "Teutonic Thrash Triangle".
Traditional heavy metal
Traditional heavy metal, also known as classic metal[33] or often simply heavy metal, is a recent umbrella term describing bands and artists who play a metal music style similar to the style heard before the genre evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres.[34][35] It is characterized by mid-to-fast-tempo riffs, by thumping basslines, crunchy riffs, extended lead guitar solos, and clean, often high-pitched vocals and anthemic choruses. It is not generally categorised as a subgenre of metal, but the main genre of it. Examples include Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, Blue Öyster Cult, Judas Priest, and Iron Maiden.
Viking metal
Viking metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music characterised by its galloping pace, keyboard-rich anthemic sound, bleakness and dramatic emphasis on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age. The genre of Viking metal was pioneered by the Swedish band Bathory, who took some of their inspiration and musical style from American heavy metal band Manowar.[36] An epic sound is "a prerequisite for inclusion under the Viking metal banner"[37] and bands in the genre typically adopt a "bombastic, keyboard laden" approach.[38] Viking metal acts are known to be different with influences from death metal, black metal and some power metal.[citation needed] Both clean vocals and death growls can be found in Viking metal and the "speed varies from mid-pace to a fast pace." Like folk metal bands, Viking metal acts "generally utilize some acoustic and other unusual instruments in addition to the traditional metal instruments."[39] Examples of Viking metal include Amon Amarth, Bathory, Enslaved, and Ensiferum.
See also
References
- ^ a b Dunn, Sam (Director) (August 5, 2005). Metal: A Headbanger's Journey (motion picture). Canada: Dunn, Sam.
- ^ Von Havoc, Felix (1984-01-01). "Rise of Crust". Profane Existence. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ Morbid Angel page @ Allmusic "Formed in 1984 in Florida, Morbid Angel (along with Death) would also help spearhead an eventual death metal movement in their home state"
- ^ Is Metal Still Alive? WATT Magazine, Written by: Robert Heeg, Published: April 1993
- ^ Silver Dragon Records "During the 1990s death metal diversified influencing many subgenres"
- ^ Deathmetal.org "The golden years of death metal were from 1988 to 1994, during which time the classics of the genre and all of its variations formed"
- ^ a b c "Doom metal". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ a b c d e f John Wray, "Heady Metal", New York Times, May 28, 2006. [1] Access date: August 18, 2008.
- ^ Jason Jackowiak, Splendid, September 14, 2005. [2] Access date: August 23, 2008.
- ^ Glam Metal Urban Dictionary. Pop-culture reference.
- ^ "Industrial Metal". allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ Walters, Martin. "( Godflesh > Overview )". allmusic. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ Di Perna 1995a, page 69.
- ^ a b c d Payne, Will B. (14-02-2006). "Nintendo Rock: Nostalgia or Sound of the Future". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2011-3-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help) - ^ a b c Weingarten, Marc (29 April 2004). "Resurrecting the Riffs, A Nintendo Rock Band". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ Turull, Alisha (6 October 2009). "New Releases: Lita Ford, the Fall of Troy, Horse the band, Immortal, Inhale Exhale". Noisecreep. AOL. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Horse The Band, Super 8 Bit Brothers, Endless Hallway ,and Oceana". The A. V. Club. The Onion. 8 November 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
- ^ a b Wright (2010-12-9). "Subgenre(s) of the Week: Nintendocore (feat. Holiday Pop)". The Quest. Retrieved 2011-3-21.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help) - ^ a b Greer, Nick (24-01-2005). "HORSE the band R. Borlax". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 2011-3-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help) - ^ a b c Loftus, Johnny. "HORSE the Band". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2011-3-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ Bayer, Jonah (03-05-2009). "Like Video Games? You'll Love Nintendocore". Gibson Guitar Corporation. Retrieved 2011-3-15.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help) - ^ a b McIver, Joel (2002). "How is nu-metal different from old metal?". Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk. Omnibus Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0711992096.
- ^ McIver, Joel (2002). "How did we get to nu-metal from old metal?". Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk. Omnibus Press. pp. 10, 12. ISBN 0711992096.
- ^ a b Huey, Steve. "Eyehategod". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ a b Huey, Steve. "Crowbar". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ a b York, William. "Buzzov*en". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ York, William. "Acid Bath". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ "Speed metal rock history". www.silver-dragon-records.com. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
- ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Rockdetector – Kyuss biography". Rockdetector. Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
[Kyuss] almost single handed invented the phrase 'Stoner Rock'. They achieved this by tuning way down and summoning up a subterranean, organic sound...
{{cite web}}: More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help) - ^ "Stoner Metal". Allmusic. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
Stoner metal could be campy and self-aware, messily evocative, or unabashedly retro.
- ^ Eduardo Rivadavia. "Kyuss biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
...they are widely acknowledged as pioneers of the booming stoner rock scene of the 1990s...
- ^ Eduardo Rivadavia. "Sleep biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ Ian Christe, The Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal, Flammarion,2007, p. 91, ISBN 978-2-08-068797-5
- ^ Bowar, Chad. "What Is Heavy Metal?". About.com. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
- ^ Michka Assayas, Dictionnaire du Rock de A à L, Robert Lafond,2002, p.776-777 ISBN 2-221-91260-8
- ^ http://www.anus.com/metal/about/interviews/quorthon/
- ^ Kalis, Quentin. "Voimasta ja Kunniast review". Chronicles of Chaos. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ Azevedo, Pedro. "Daudingekvider review". Chronicles of Chaos. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ Bowar, Chad. "Folk Metal Artists". About.com. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
