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A Caracas newspaper, ''[[El Nacional]]'', named López 2003 Person of the Year, describing him as one of the most notable leaders of the opposition to Chávez and as the best mayor of the metropolitan area of Caracas.<ref name=Personaje>{{es icon}} {{cite news|author=Pereira, Javier|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061210044347/http://www.el-nacional.com/personajede2003/gestpub.asp |title=Personaje del año |work=[[El Nacional]] | accessdate= 9 September 2008 |dateformat=dmy}}</ref>
A Caracas newspaper, ''[[El Nacional]]'', named López 2003 Person of the Year, describing him as one of the most notable leaders of the opposition to Chávez and as the best mayor of the metropolitan area of Caracas.<ref name=Personaje>{{es icon}} {{cite news|author=Pereira, Javier|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061210044347/http://www.el-nacional.com/personajede2003/gestpub.asp |title=Personaje del año |work=[[El Nacional]] | accessdate= 9 September 2008 |dateformat=dmy}}</ref>


==Personal and professional life and education==
me gusta ser alcalde porque me gusta matarme a las morenas de chacao yo se que yo salgo como un pargo en esta foto.
López was born in Caracas on 29 April 1971, the second of three brothers. López spent his early years studying at the Colegio Santiago de León de Caracas. Between 1989 and 1993, he studied Economics at [[Kenyon College]] in the U.S. state of Ohio. He subsequently attended [[Harvard University]]'s [[Kennedy School of Government]] where he obtained a [[Master of Public Policy]] in 1996.<ref name=bio>{{es icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.chacao.gov.ve/alcalde/oficinadetail.asp?Id=18 |title=Leopoldo López Mendoza |publisher= Oficina del Alcalde, Chacao |dateformat= dmy |accessdate=9 September 2008|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071231194747/http://www.chacao.gov.ve/alcalde/oficinadetail.asp?Id=18|archivedate=31 December 2007}}</ref> In 2007, he received an honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from his Alma Mater, Kenyon College.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kenyon.edu/x29280.xml |title=Honors day |publisher= Kenyon College, Office of the Provost |dateformat= dmy |accessdate=30 August 2007}}</ref> In May 2007 he married [[Lilian Tintori]],<ref name=bio/> with whom he had a daughter on 20 September 2009 named Manuela López.<ref>http://www.eluniversal.com/2009/09/20/ccs_ava_leopoldo-lopez-prese_20A2762727.shtml</ref>

López' mother, Antonieta Mendoza, is the daughter of [[Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa]], who is the great-grandson of the country’s first president Cristobal Mendoza and descended from the same family of Bolivar himself. More specifically, Leopoldo López is the great-great-great-great-nephew of [[Simón Bolívar]].<ref>http://venepoetics.blogspot.com/2006/04/una-de-teodoro-alexis-mrquez-rodrguez.html</ref><ref>http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/chacao-mayor.html</ref>

López worked as an economic consultant to the Planning Vice-President in [[Petróleos de Venezuela S.A.]] (PDVSA) between 1996 and 1999, and has served as a professor of Institutional Economy in the Economics Department at [[Universidad Católica Andrés Bello]].<ref name=bio/>


==Political life==
==Political life==

Revision as of 19:15, 12 April 2010

Leopoldo López
Leopoldo López
Mayor of Chacao
In office
2000–2008
Preceded byIrene Sáez
Succeeded byEmilio Graterón
Personal details
Born (1971-04-29) 29 April 1971 (age 53)
Caracas, Venezuela
Political partyUn Nuevo Tiempo
SpouseLilian Tintori
ChildrenManuela López
ResidenceCaracas

Leopoldo López Mendoza (born 29 April 1971 in Caracas) is a Venezuelan politician and economist. From 2000 until 2008, López was the mayor of the Chacao Municipality of Caracas. A Los Angeles Times article describes López as an immensely popular leader of the opposition to Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, as well as a social activist working for "grass-roots judicial reform".[1]

A Caracas newspaper, El Nacional, named López 2003 Person of the Year, describing him as one of the most notable leaders of the opposition to Chávez and as the best mayor of the metropolitan area of Caracas.[2]

Personal and professional life and education

López was born in Caracas on 29 April 1971, the second of three brothers. López spent his early years studying at the Colegio Santiago de León de Caracas. Between 1989 and 1993, he studied Economics at Kenyon College in the U.S. state of Ohio. He subsequently attended Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government where he obtained a Master of Public Policy in 1996.[3] In 2007, he received an honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from his Alma Mater, Kenyon College.[4] In May 2007 he married Lilian Tintori,[3] with whom he had a daughter on 20 September 2009 named Manuela López.[5]

López' mother, Antonieta Mendoza, is the daughter of Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa, who is the great-grandson of the country’s first president Cristobal Mendoza and descended from the same family of Bolivar himself. More specifically, Leopoldo López is the great-great-great-great-nephew of Simón Bolívar.[6][7]

López worked as an economic consultant to the Planning Vice-President in Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) between 1996 and 1999, and has served as a professor of Institutional Economy in the Economics Department at Universidad Católica Andrés Bello.[3]

Political life

López cofounded the Primero Justicia political party. In 2007 he joined Un Nuevo Tiempo, the most popular party among Venezuela's opposition.[8]

López was elected mayor of Chacao in 2000 with 51% of the vote, and re-elected in 2004, gaining 81% of the vote;[3] the LA Times describes him as "immensely popular".[1]

Opposition leader: target of violence

The United States Department of State mentioned actions taken against López by the Venezuelan government in its 2005 annual Country Report on Human Rights Practices. López was suspended in November 2005 from political activity after his term as mayor expires in 2008 because of allegations of misuse of funds; according to the US State Department, the charges were part of "a strategy by the Chávez government to eliminate the political opposition".[9] According to the Los Angeles Times, López says "his real offense is that he poses an electoral threat as he builds a social democratic alternative to the socialist, anti-American 'Bolivarian Revolution'."[1] According to the Times article, Chávez critics say all government dissidents are being targeted, but "Lopez seems to be the object of a full-out campaign".[1] His aunt was also a victim of violence in Venezuela, shot during a peaceful rally.[10]

As a leader of the Chávez opposition, López says he has experienced several violent attacks: the Los Angeles Times says he has been shot at and was held hostage in February 2006 by armed thugs at a university where he was speaking and his bodyguard was shot while sitting in the passenger seat of the car where López normally sits.[1] According to the LA Times "the killing of his bodyguard was meant to send a message".[1] According to Jackson Diehl, writing for the Washington Post, in June 2008, after Lopez returned from a visit to Washington, D.C., he was detained and assaulted by the state intelligence service.[11] A member of the Venezuelan National Guard denounced López as responsible for the aggression and presented a video as evidence.[12]

Political target

López is among 400 Venezuelans barred by the Venezuelan government from running in the November 2008 elections[13] due to being under investigation for alleged corruption;[14] 80 percent of those barred belong to the opposition.[13] The November elections are crucial for the Chávez administration to remain in control; following Chávez's defeat at the polls in December 2007, López says the government banned them because it knows they can win.[13] As the best known politician on the list, López is contesting the sanction, arguing that the right to hold elected office can only be rescinded in the wake of a civil or criminal trial.[13] In June 2008, López made his case before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in Washington, D.C.;[11] in July, the Commission agreed to hear his case[15] and noted that the two years that have elapsed since López filed a motion asking the Court to annul the ban constitutes an "undue delay".[16] A poll in April 2008 found that 52% of adults opposed the ban, and 51% thought it was politically motivated.[17] The US State Department said the attempt to rule by decree was "worrisome"; Chávez responded saying that concerns were "overblown".[18]

Although no individuals have been convicted of any crimes and charges remain unproven,[14] in August 2008, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Tribunal–dominated by Chávez appointees[19]–found that the sanction of the Comptroller General was constitutional.[20] According to the Wall Street Journal, six of the seven Supreme Court justices "are sympathetic to the president".[14] BBC News called the list of individuals barred from office a "blacklist," noting that "there is little that Mr López and others can now do that will allow them to take part in November's polls".[21] The Economist observed that López is the "main apparent target" of the "decision by the auditor-general to ban hundreds of candidates from standing in the state and municipal elections for alleged corruption, even though none has been convicted by the courts".[22] The Wall Street Journal noted that the ban "has elicited comparisons to moves by Iran's government preventing opposition politicians from running in elections in that country" and singles López out as "a popular opposition politician who polls say would have a good chance at becoming the mayor of Caracas, one of the most important posts in the country".[14]

The next day, López and others protested the ruling in a demonstration,[17] until they were blocked in front of a government building.[23] López led protesters on the unauthorized march through Caracas;[24] riot police threw tear gas canisters into the crowd of about 1,000 marchers, protesting Chavez's concentration of power.[25] López filed a complaint with the Mercosur Human Rights Committee;[26] the Mercosur parliament session was disrupted and the Committee was unable to reach conclusions because they couldn't meet with authorities in Venezuela.[27] José Miguel Vivanco of Human Rights Watch "described political discrimination as a defining feature of Mr. Chávez’s presidency", singling out López and the "measure that disqualifies candidates from running for public office because of legal claims against them".[28]

Government attempts to block Lopez candidacy

In 1998, while López was working for Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) and his mother was the company's manager of public affairs, the company awarded a grant to the Primero Justicia Civil Association, an organization of which López was a member. (The political party, Movimiento Primero Justicia, emerged in 1999 as an offshoot of the civil association.) Because PDVSA forbids donations to employees or relatives of employees, both mother and son were sanctioned from running for public office. The Washington Post reported that "the charges against López, never tested in court, are a blatantly bogus concoction."[29] The Associated Press reported that the use of the charges to disqualify Lopez "is a tactic critics say Chavez uses to put his opponents' political ambitions on indefinite hold."[30] The Organization of American States cited the case against López as one of the "factors that contribute to the weakening of the rule of law and democracy in Venezuela."[31] Lopez has challenged these claims by stating that none of those punished had been charged, prosecuted, and found guilty through due processes of law, in direct violation of the Human Rights treatises signed by the Venezuelan government[32] and the Venezuelan constitution.[33] The government of Venezuela maintains that the sanctions were legal.[34][35][36][37]

New movement launches

In December 2009, Lopez was joined by thousands of political leaders from all regions of the country in launching Voluntad Popular, a new movement that seeks to unite Venezuelans behind a vision of democracy and social change. The Associated Press reported of the launch, "the mere fact that Lopez's efforts are resonating with ordinary Venezuelans shows that the democratic spirit still burns in the nation of 28 million." Lopez said of the movement, "What we want is to build a new majority from the bottom up - not just through negotiations and agreements between elites. It's a longer road, but for us, it's the only road that gives us possibilities of winning."[38]

Opposition presidential frontrunner 2012

Lopez is considered to be "an early frontrunner for the 2012 opposition Presidential nomination."[39] The Associated Press calls Lopez "the man who is challenging President Hugo Chavez's grip on power."[38] In recent polling, Lopez has finished ahead of Chavez in a hypothetical presidential matchup, the first time any opposition figure has done so.[40] Leopoldo's Facebook page has over a quarter million followers.[41]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f Kraul, Chris (19 July 2006). "A Lightning Rod for Venezuela's Political Strife". Los Angeles Times. Also online here.
  2. ^ Template:Es icon Pereira, Javier. "Personaje del año". El Nacional. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  3. ^ a b c d Template:Es icon "Leopoldo López Mendoza". Oficina del Alcalde, Chacao. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  4. ^ "Honors day". Kenyon College, Office of the Provost. Retrieved 30 August 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  5. ^ http://www.eluniversal.com/2009/09/20/ccs_ava_leopoldo-lopez-prese_20A2762727.shtml
  6. ^ http://venepoetics.blogspot.com/2006/04/una-de-teodoro-alexis-mrquez-rodrguez.html
  7. ^ http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/chacao-mayor.html
  8. ^ Template:Es icon "Un Nuevo Tiempo juramentó nueva comisión política". Venevisión. 3 March 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  9. ^ "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Venezuela, 2005". U.S. State Department. 8 March 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Glabe, Scott L (22 November 2005). "New Organization Opens Fire on Chavez". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  11. ^ a b "The Rival Chavez Won't Permit". The Washington Post. 30 June 2008. p. A11. Retrieved 21 July 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  12. ^ Template:Es icon "La Fiscalía investiga a un alcalde opositor por presuntas agresiones contra agentes del aeropuerto". Terra. 28 June 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  13. ^ a b c d "Testing Times Ahead for Chavez". BBC News. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b c d de Córdoba, José and Darcy Crowe (6 August 2008). "In Enacting Decrees, Chávez Makes New Power Grab". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Gunson, Phil (7 August 2008). "More anger, protests over Venezuelan decrees". Miami Herald. Retrieved 7 August 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |accesseyear= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Alonso, Juan Francisco (31 July 2008). "IACHR finds unjustified procedural delay in case of Venezuelan Mayor". El Universal. Retrieved 13 August 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  17. ^ a b Cancel, Daniel and Steven Bodzin (6 August 2008). "Venezuela Opposition Condemns Decrees, Court Decision (Update1)". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  18. ^ Gollust, David (7 August 2008). "US Calls Chavez' Rule by Decree Effort Worrisome". VOA News. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accesseyar= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  19. ^ Cancel, Daniel and Steven Bodzin (7 August 2008). "Venezuela Opposition Pleads Decree Case to Trade Bloc (Update3)". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  20. ^ Template:Es icon "Declaran constitucionalidad del artículo 105 de la Ley de Contraloría". El Universal. 5 August 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  21. ^ "Venezuelans protest against ban". BBC News. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  22. ^ "The autocrat of Caracas". The Economist. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  23. ^ James, Ian (6 August 2008). "Venezuelans protest Chavez's new socialist push". Associated Press. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help) Also available at Foxnews.com.
  24. ^ Template:Es icon "Chocan con la Policía en Caracas". Siglo XXI. 6 August 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  25. ^ "Tear gas used to break up Caracas protests". CNN. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  26. ^ "Mercosur human rights commission arrives in Venezuela". El Universal. 6 August 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  27. ^ "Venezuelan politics contaminate Mercosur parliament session". MercoPress. 19 August 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  28. ^ Romero, Simon (18 September 2008). "Report Accuses Chávez of Abusing Rights". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  29. ^ [1]
  30. ^ [2]
  31. ^ [3]
  32. ^ "Leading Venezuelan Activist, Leopoldo Lopez, to Testify Before Inter-American Commission on Human Rights". Business Wire. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  33. ^ "Interview: Leopoldo López on Venezuela's Political Alternative". Americas Society. 6 October 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  34. ^ "Venezuelan GAO denounces former Mayor Leopoldo López's subterfuge". Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Press Office. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  35. ^ Template:Es icon "Contraloría inhabilitó al alcalde Leopoldo López". El Tiempo. 13 June 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  36. ^ Template:Es icon "Contraloría inhabilita por tres años a Leopoldo López para las funciones públicas". El Universal. 12 June 2006. Retrieved 14 November 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  37. ^ Template:Es icon "Caso de Leopoldo López llegó a Comisión de Contraloría". Cadena Global. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  38. ^ a b [4]
  39. ^ [5]
  40. ^ [6]
  41. ^ [7]

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